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ART MAGAZINE °^7

Accession

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£823 D4

NOT TO BE TAKEN FROM THE LIBRARY

Form No. 37 - 5M

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

APRIL 1928

HOUSE NUMBER

n the new California
Petroleum Building
the dramatic beauty
of the United Artists
Theatre has been art-
fully combined with
the structural per*
manence of an office
building.

. ♦ . Likewise, in Wash-
ington Guaranteed
Plumbing Fixtures,
beauty is combined
with enduring quality.

WASHINGTON

GUARANTEED

PLUMBING

FIXTURES

Manufactured by

WASHINGTON IRON WORKS:

Los Angeles, 1141 Mateo St.;

Oakland, 1410 Madison St.;

San Francisco, 681 Market St.;

Seattle, 330 Central Bldg,

California Petroleum Bldg.

and United Artists

Theatre, L. A.

Architects:
C. Howard Crane
Walker and Eisen

Construction Engineers:
Scofield-Twaits Company

Plumbing Contractor:
Lohman Bros.

Wholesale Plumbing

Supply Firm:

N. O. Nelson Mfg. Co.

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

Since 1905

VOLUME 93

APRIL, 1928

NUMBER 1

CONTENTS

COVER PICTURE— Residence of Mr. Kent Hamilton, La Jolla
Edgar V. Ullrich, Architect; Rendering by
Norman Kennedy
FRONTISPIECE— Mission San Gabriel

From an Etching by Henry Chapman Ford

LETTER PRESS

EVOLUTION' OF THE SMALL HOUSE 35

Marc N. Goodnow

California Houses 47

Irving F. Morrow, Architect

Small House Design 60

Allen E. Erickson, Architect

All-Electric Home Proves an Economical Investment 62

The Modern Home and the Telephone 64

Frederick Jennings

Styles in Hardwood Floors 65

John M. Reynolds

The Garden and the Home 67

Edward F. O'Day

The Bathroom Beautiful 72

B. F. Blair

My European Impressions 74

C. O. Clausen, Architect

A California L'niform Building Code 106

John B. Leonard, C. E.

The Inspiration of a Beautiful Kitchen 107

Ray B. Cox

Editorial 112

With the Architects 115

Society and Club Meetings 118

The Month's Magazines 123

PLATES AND ILLUSTRATIONS

House of Nacio H. Brown, Beverly Hills 37

Verner B. McClurg, Architect

House of George Hall, San Marino 38

Paul R. Williams, Architect

House of H. E. Sherman, Alta Canyada 39

Everett P. Babcock, Architect

House of C. O. Middleton, Los Angeles 40

R. C. Flewelling, Architect

House of Dr. J. S. Young, San Marino 42

Paul R. Williams, Architect

House of John S. Brown, Walnut Grove 43, 53

A. R. Widdowson, Architect

Hcuse of A. I. Root, Hollywood .45, 44 (plans) 45, 46

Carleton M. Winslow, Architect

House of Lendell Browning, Grimes 48

Roland J. Stringham, Architect

House of Milton Baruch, Los Angeles 49, 59, 101, 102

(plans) 103, 105

Gordon B. Kaujmann, Architect

House of Elmer E. Paxton, Piedmont 50, 51, 52 (plans)

Clarence A. Tantau, Architect

House of Mrs. Sidney B. Newsom, Oakland

54, 55, 56 (plan) 57, 58

Sidney B., Noble and Archie T. Newsom, Architects

House of Joseph D. Taylor, Palo Alto 59

John K. Branner, Architect

House of William A. Powell, Berkeley ! 71, 72 (plans) 73

Morrow and Morrow, Architects

House of Geoffrey Mayo, Pasadena 75, 77, 78, (plans) 79, 81

Roland E. Coate, Architect
House of Mrs. Kenneth Monteagle, Pebble Beach

83, 85, 87 (plans)

Clan nee A. Tantau, Architect

House of Mrs. Clifford Weatherwax. Hillsborough 89

Clarence A. Tantau. Architect
House of Mrs. Charles Wheeler, Pebble Beach. .91, 92 (plans) 93

(.'Ian nee A. Tantau, Architect
House of Chas. Lux Lewis, Los Angeles 95, 96 (plans) 97, 99

John K. Branner, Architect

Published on the 18th of the month by

The Architect and Engineer, inc.

1662-3-4 Russ Building., San Francisco, California

W. J. L. KIERULFF, President and Manager

FRED' K. W. JONES, Vice President and Editor

LOUIS C. MULLGARDT and

IRVING F. MORROW, Associate Editors

CHARLES H. CHENEY, and

ARTHUR BROWN Jr., Contriiurors
Professor JOHN W. GREGG, Landscape Architec:u*e
EMERSON KNIGHT, Associate

Eastern Representative:
F. W. HENKEL, 306 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111.

L. B. PENHORWOOD, Secretes

F. W. FITZPATRICK, Eastern
Correspondent

T. RONNEBERG, Engineering Problems

EDGAR N. KIERULFF, Special
Articles and Book Reviews

Southern California Representative :
R. D. BUNN, 1014 Architects' Building, Los Angeles

'/'/„ ARCHITECT and ENGINEER

April, 1928

Chil Court House,

St. Louis, Mo.

Plaza Commission, Inc.,

Architects.
129,000 cubic feet Qray,

103,000 cubic feet

VAR1EQATED from

the quarries of

Indiana Limestone

Company

"GRAY" AND "VARIEGATED"

Chosen for Color

THE first unit of St. Louis' $15,000,000 Municipal
Plaza is their $4,000,000 Court House. The Court
House is of Grecian design and will tower 380 feet
skyward.

To secure color'tone, Gray Indiana Limestone was
selected for the lower stories, with Variegated for the
upper stories. The solid, finegrained Gray with just the
slightest variation in color'tone will give an impression
of great strength for the base. The upper stories in

Variegated will break the monotony of so large a struc-
ture in one-color stone.

You will find it true that Gray for the lower stories
and Variegated above, especially in high buildings,
always gives an interesting effect. Therefore it is well to
specify "Gray Indiana Limestone for the lower stories and
Variegated Indiana Limestone for the upper stories."
And it is well to add this clause: "from quarries whose
stone has been tested and approved by the United States
Bureau of Standards."

General 0 Vices: Bedford, Indiana

Jj*KK7

Executive Offices'. Tribune Tower, Chicago

ETCHINGS OF THE ERANCISCAN MISSIONS
OF CALIFORNIA

By Henry Chapman lord
PUBLISHED 1883

No. 4 — Sax Gabriel Arcangel

Mission San Gabriel Arcangel, in the town of San Ga-
briel, about ten miles from Los Angeles, was founded in
1771. All of the original establishment, which lay behind
the church, has disappeared. The church, however, is in
excellent preservation and is regularly used for services.
It stands today practically as shown in Ford's etching.
The pepper trees along the main facade have grown,
forming almost a continuous line through which there
are beautiful' glimpses of the buttressed wall and pictur-
esque exterior stairway.

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ARCHITECT XZ*

AND ENGINEER, 2H2:m

Vol. 93

APRIL, 1928

No. 1

EVOLVTION of the SMALL HOVSE

^/ffarc ~/r (fboc/now -

F THERE is a small-house prob-
lem today it is one having to do
with securing the wherewithal
with which to build rather than
any lack of architectural styles or materials
or equipment from which to choose. For
of all institutions in modern America it is
doubtful if any one of them, during recent
years, has been made the subject of so much
attention, commercial, professional and
artistic, as the shelter for our family life
and ideals.

At a time when the family has been said
to be breaking down, when certain of its
members have been drawn away from the
traditional hearthstone by the motor car,
the movie, the trend toward jazz, there has
been under way a marked evolution —
amounting sometimes to a revolution — in
every conceivable phase of home design-
ing, planning, construction, furnishing,
equipping and financing. In some respects
the cycle of change has been gradual — even
subtle — enough to be misleading; in others
the transformation has been no less than
abrupt; but in all respects there has been
definite movement and development, if not
improvement.

Even taste has been subjected to the in-
ducement, the pressure, of change, with the
result that, by viewing the development
from the beginning of the present decade,
one finds an enormous growth in public
appreciation and acceptance of architec-
tural merit. Whereas only a few years ago
the best in architecture was reserved very
largely for the wealthy, today there is a
feeling, based on a commonly growing
practice, that good architecture and good
planning, with all that they mean in terms
of economical and comfortable living, be-
long to the masses.

Anyone who doubts this advancement
has only to take a trip about the country to
convince himself of its reality. On such a
journey he cannot fail to observe and be
impressed by the improvement that has
taken place, not only in the exterior ap-
pearance but in the interior arrangement
of what may be called the average house.
National perfection has, of course, not yet
been reached, but it can be said with some
conviction that the development of the
small house in American life and architec-
ture has given it a present importance far
out of proportion to that which was some-

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

April, 1928

what grudgingly accorded it even less than
a quarter of a century ago.

While in many cities tenements have
been allowed to grow and many private
and speculative builders have proved their
lack of good taste, yet in hundreds of com-
munities there have arisen examples of a
splendid type of domestic architecture ex-
hibiting not only beauty but livable quali-
ties in planning and equipment that are the
strongest arguments in defense of the new
era in American homes — and, perhaps,
even in home life. Indeed, one ought not
be accused of undue sentimentality in ex-
pecting this new interest in domestic archi-
tecture and household equipment to result
in a rebirth of the home and all that it
stands for in national life, as well as in
creating new conceptions of those tender
ideals and traditions which no nation can
long neglect and continue to endure.

As a matter of fact, some of those ele-
ments in American life to which the break-
down of the home is ascribed, at least par-
tiallv, have been responsible for the re-
habilitation of the home in the popular
mind. The automobile, for example, may
be credited with no small share in reduc-
ing the overcrowding of the cities bv en-
abling people to live farther and farther
away from congested centers in communi-
ties which have lately shown a remarkable
growth in the number of houses and in bet-
ter architecture. Even the moving picture
has made its contribution to the preference
for better things and to the cultivation of
public taste. Regardless of any question of
the character of the films, the setting must
be an example of correct period in furni-
ture and architectural styles, and this ex-
emplification of modes and manners has
had a definite influence on the American
home.

The growth of the home-owning idea
has, of course, been nothing less than re-
markable since the close of the war and the
focusing of national attention on the arts
of peace. This growth is rather well indi-
cated in financial terms by the concurrent
growth of more than 12,600 building loan
associations throughout the country, which

recently reported aggregate assets of $6,-
334,103,807 and a membership of 10,655,-
705. The increase in assets alone over 1921
was $3,443,339,186 or 119 per cent. In that
period the associations loaned nearly 52.-
000,000,000 on mortgage securities, which
provided the means for the purchase or
building of more than 550,000 homes. The
total investment of the building and loan
associations in mortgage loans in the vari-
ous states is now nearly 56,000,000,000.

But such figures, illuminating though
they are. merely point out the volume of
house construction and not the rate or type
of progress in the various elements that
make for a more comfortable, more con-
venient, more livable and desirable home.
They do not take into account the work of
the architect or the craftsman, the manu-
facturer or the tradesman, all of whom have
played a significant part. Xor do they indi-
cate the public's altogether readier accept-
ance of the practical lessons of architecture
and interior planning, or the steadily grow-
ing demand among home builders for the
products of science working hand in hand
with ingenuity and skill.

The trend toward better architecture has
been especially noticeable in various reg-
ions of the country outside the New Eng-
land states — regions which stood most in
need of architectural regeneration. Such
progress in the middle west, the west and
in Pacific Coast states was the more note-
worthy because of the low ebb to which
domestic architecture had fallen. Anything
of a constructive nature was bound to stand
out prominently. The gloomy aspect of
much of the countryside, with its houses
of solemn mien and war-like battlements,
the high-gabled roofs enclosing dark attics,
and odd-shaped windows with dismal
colored glass, offered a fertile field for the
spread of the newer architectural idea. The
development that followed the war was,
perhaps, a natural sequence that required
less and less urging as the idea traveled
westward.

On the Pacific Coast there are even more
marked evidences of the changes that have
swept over the country. In California, par-

April, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

FRONT ELEVATION AND PLANS, HOUSE OF MR. NACIO H. BROWN, BEVERLY HILLS

VERNER B. McCLURG, ARCHITECT

Q*2

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

April, 1928

HOUSE OF MR. GEORGE HALL, ARTIST, SAX MARINO, CALIFORNIA
Paul R. Williams, Architect

ticularlv, the evolution

of the family
shelter from the chalet of the western plains
and mountainside and the original but un-
lovely California bungalow, to the more
historically proper Spanish house, has
been nothing less than a revolution with
wide and marked effects on the landscape.
From the aspect of its domestic architec-
ture, the southern California of today, for
example, is as little like the same region of
fifteen years ago as the butterfly is like the
caterpillar.

April, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND LNCINEER.

HOUSE OF MR. AND MRS. H. E. SHERMAN, ALTA CANYADA
Everett P. Babeock, Architect

While certain of the architectural styles
that have attained popularity and promi-
nence in one part of the country do not
have a practical application in other parts,
there has, nevertheless, been an interchange
of features and elements of planning, the
benefits of which are readily apparent.
Though the Spanish type, as an instance,
will always remain a native expression of
the southwest, it has made a definite con-
tribution in several respects to domestic
architecture of entirely different origin and
suitability.

In interior planning and room arrange-
ment, as well as in the employment of ex-
terior and interior plaster finishes, the Span-
ish house is making its influence felt
throughout many parts of the country.
Originating in a climate in which the out-
of-doors, by reason of its mildness, becomes
a natural and integral part of the house *
itself, this type of planning relates the in-
terior of the house quite intimately with
the garden through the patio or sheltered
recess. The living room is linked directly
with spaces surrounded by walls or enclos-
ures that insure strict privacy and tend to
promote more constant and even more
happy family intercourse. In other words,

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

April, 1928

•—--

GARDEN VIEW AND PLANS, HOUSE OF MR. C. O. MIDDLETON, LOS ANGELES

R. C. Flewelling, Architect

the Spanish house has played a consider-
able part in turning the attention of the
family in toward the intimate phases of
compact, group life, while at the same
time offering every possible advantage of
natural light, warmth and summer breezes.

We even see the gradual adaptation in the
east of the Spanish or California tvpe of
room arrangement which separates more
completely the living from the sleeping
quarters and draws into the plan itself a
terrace or court, open to the skv, and

April, 1928

C~J/T
ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

serving, in summer, as an outdoor living
room.

Altogether, the present need for economy
seems to have ereated a new standard one
of good sense as much as of good taste.
Labor is saved and conveniences are multi-
plied many fold. The breakfast nook is
now a standard unit of the house plan. Five
and six-room houses have two baths. Ga-
rages are attached to the house. The uses
of sun, light and air are becoming more
widely appreciated.

The place of the architect in this de-
velopment is undeniably important; in
fact, it is much more important than he
himself believes, judging by opinions ex-
pressed privately and in his professional
journals. If one had no other information
than that contained in certain publications,
he would inevitably form the opinion that
all America was in a hopeless slough of
architectural despond.

But a study of the situation reveals the
fact that conditions are much better than
they are so frequently painted; that there is
a definite appreciation of good architec-
ture— not among the entire mass of the
public, of course, but among a considerable
group that counts. One has only to com-
pare pictures of the countryside in Cali-
fornia or other states ten or fifteen years
ago with pictures of the same communities
today to realize the improvement that has
taken place.

Public appreciation of good architecture
has been responsible for this. As a matter
of fact, much of the improvement is due to
no great effort on the part of the architect
himself, but to a vogue or demand that has
been created through the work he has done
and exhibited to the world. Much of this
has been excellent in character — so much
more excellent and striking than the work
of an earlier period, in fact, that it could
not help being conspicuous — and desir-
able. That one element of conspicuousness
has naturally carried a measurable amount
of advertising; it has established a vogue
in the public mind for the thing which it
represents, and thus the architect has been

brought certain benefits of a professional
and financial character.

Not only are there visible evidences of a
growing appreciation of good domestic ar-
chitecture, but there also is an apparent
increase in what one may call the open-
mindedness, even the inquisitiveness, of the
public concerning the architect and his
work. The word "architect" has been
popularized in editorial and advertising
matter within recent years in a way that
was seldom heard of ten years or more ago.
The introduction of the terms "period" and
"style," while somewhat reprehensible in
a sense, has done a great deal to bring about
this open-mindedness and this questioning.

For people who have been interested in
reproducing periods or styles in their
homes and their furnishing have found the
process rather strewn with problems re-
quiring a degree of study and research, and
this has prompted them to seek expert ar-
chitectural advice in order to be correct in
their tastes.

One is even safe in saying that today
there is a readier acceptance by the public
of the oft-repeated statement that the well-
designed house has not only more value but
sells more easily, than there was ten or even
five years ago. The truth of the statement
has been so well and frequently demon-
strated during recent years that it is gradu-
ally becoming an established fact.

Following the high peak in building, the
public began 'to scrutinize more closely
every factor of financing, construction, ap-
pearance and permanence. As a result,
there is no longer the great jumble of
cheaply constructed homes; certainly not
on the Pacific Coast. It is true that many
of the older houses have had to be rebuilt,
but the newer construction is of a notably
better type. The average cost of homes in
California has risen steadily, and with the
rise in cost has risen the quality of ma-
terials. It is not yet all that one could wish
for, but the improvement may be readily
discerned.

In one of the larger cities of the coast
the cost of the average house has increased
from less than $2,800 to more than $3,500

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

April, 1928

HOUSE OF DR. J. S. YOUNG, SAN MARINO, CALIFORNIA
Paul R. Williams, Architect

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April, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

GARDEN VIEW, HOUSE OF MR. JOHN S. BROWN. WALNUT GROVE, CALIFORNIA

A. R. Widdowson, Architect

HOUSE OF MR. A. I. ROOT, HOLLVWOOD, CALIFORNIA
Carleton M. Winslow, Architect

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

April, 1928

K ■ M LIL K.1TCMCN PANTBY

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I — T-4th— nfll 6K*Hn ■*

PLANS, HOUSE OF MR. A. I. ROOT, HOLLYWOOD, CALIFORNIA
Carleton M. Winslow, Architect

within the past five years. And for nearly
two years of that period labor costs have
been stationary and commodity prices have,
if anything, declined. In this same section
of the country one finds a definite trend to-
ward the larger house — the house of two
stories, with three bedrooms.

A still further check may be made by
wa\ of materials used in the construction
of the home, particularly the Pacific Coast
home. Standard materials are still stand-

ard; those of inferior quality, in many in-
stances, have passed out of use altogether.
Ordinances in various cities of the coast
have thrown new protections and safe-
guards around the uses of various mate-
rials, with the result that old and question-
able practices are rapidly being discarded.
More people are building homes to live
in themselves than for ten years; the day
of the speculative home-builder who ex-
pected to sell his house regardless of the

April, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

HOUSE OF MR. A. I. ROOT, HOLLYWOOD, CALIFORNIA
Carleton M. Winslow, Architect

character of its construction is not alto-
gether gone, but it is fading. The man who
builds his home with the idea of residing
there permanently is much more interested
nowadays in lasting materials and other
things being equal, he is ready to invest a
larger sum of money.

In a word, the things which the archi-
tect has been standing for all these years
are really coming to pass; the lesson he has
preached seems to have gotten "under the
skin1' of a considerable body of thinking
people. The marked contrast between the
houses he has planned and those without
any display of architectural ability has
made such an impress on the public mind
that "architect" and "architecture1' are
much more important words today than for
many years past.

One could wish, of course, that in the
future every house might be designed and
planned by a trained architect, but that
ideal will probably not be reached in this

generation. There can be no doubt, how- wall fountain, house of mr
ever, that as the architect continues to Carleton m. winslow, Archi

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tect

ROOT

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

April. 1928

HOUSE OF MR. A. I. ROOT, HOLLYWOOD, CALIFORNIA
CARLETON M. WINSLOW, ARCHITECT

April, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

prove his claims to leadership more houses
will be built under his direction.

The growing demand for compactness,
convenience and livability, to say nothing
of exterior design, is bringing the work of
the architect into marked relief, setting
him apart for distinctions that cannot be
approached by the layman or the pretender.
Those who compare his achievements with
those of less merit but more bluster are
brought sooner or later to the realization
that architectural ability, like art, law or
medicine, is a specialized knowledge for
which a fee is wholly justified. The evolu-
tion of the small house is distinctly in the
direction of just those modern and desir-
able elements which the architect and no
one else is trained to supply — comfort,
economy, convenience, livableness and
beauty. Their mass attainment may be
gradual, but it is none-the-less inevitable.

CALIFORNIA HOUSES
By Irving F. Morrow

OR some time architects to the east of
us have been looking with undisguised
admiration at California's home building.
All of the magazines have illustrated and
commented on our architecture; in "house
numbers" we are sure to be amply repre-
sented. Now the general periodicals begin
to play with the subject. Which means that
the interest must be filtering beyond the
small professional circle.

In the American Mercury for April Mr.
Paul Edgar Murphy gives a quick glance
at "Native Architecture in Southern Cali-
fornia" (which, despite its title, is not con-
fined exclusively to the south). Mr.
Murphy's attitude is a little disconcerting.
A somewhat baroque, albeit spirited and
thoroughly justified lampoon on the ex-
cesses of the "builders" and the "nouveaux
riches" prepares you for a satire on aspects
of our architecture which are only too vul-
nerable. Whereupon by a transition so
brusque that you miss its function, you find
yourself about face in a sympathetic out-
line and interpretation of California's
architectural development.

I say "sympathetic" in spite of the sen-
tence wherein, after praise for Santa Bar-
bara, we read, "Just why wealth should
produce these results in Santa Barbara and
only horrors in Los Angeles does not ap-
pear." Quite evidently no one who really
knew Los Angeles could possibly charge it
with containing only horrors.

But for the rest Mr. Murphy does fairly
well. He indicates how a "Spanish" style
has taken hold in California, and why it is
reasonable that it should have done so. He
notes — what I have myself often pointed
out in these pages — that "California, geo-
graphically, topographically and botani-
cally greatly resembles much of Spain."
Briefly he characterizes the types of Span-
ish work native to California which are
influencing current design. A paragraph
of conclusions which occurs near the be-
ginning will bear quoting:

"But the architecture of California,
while thus developed from Spanish foun-

FOUNTAIN FIGURE, COUNTRY PLACE OF MAX COHN

Emerson Knight, Landscape Architect
Norman Laplant, Sculptor

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

April, 1928

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April, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

dations, is in no sense merely archaeologi-
cal. The style expresses the life of today
just as much as the styles of Salamanca and
Granada expressed the life of the periods
which bore them. The architecture of Cali-
fornia is not purely Spanish. Just as one
finds Spanish houses nestling under the
ramparts of Carcassonne and bits of Floren-
tine detail in Seville, so one finds the archi-
tecture of all the Mediterranean countries

*w.

often overlooked, which have gone to make
that style. We tend to think by formulae,
or "slogans"; and since the term "Spanish"
is the easiest and nearest at hand to describe
the architecture of California, many peo-
ple— even some who have traveled in Spain
imagine that it is just like that of Spain.
Which merely confirms the fact that most
people see with their minds rather than
with their eyes.

HOUSE OF MR. WILTON BARUCH, LOS ANGELES
Gordon B. Kaufmann, Architect

influencing the California work. The hand
of the native craftsman, Mexican or In-
dian, has brought in modifications, and the
American has still further developed and
moulded the character of the buildings,
until there has been finally achieved the
homogeneous style called Californian."

Do not fail to note that recognition that
we have "achieved the homogeneous style
called Californian." More emphasis might
have been given to varied elements, some

It is also worth insisting upon that this
"homogeneous style called Californian" is
still assimilating and evolving. Evidence of
this may be drawn from the collection of
photographs that make up the present
House Number, especially when compared
writh the similar issues of past years.

What has become generally accepted as
the California type is admirably exempli-
fied by the houses of Mr. Kaufmann, Mr.
Tantau, Mr. Stringham, Mr. Winslow and

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

April, 1928

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HOUSE OF MR. AND MRS. ELMER PAXTON, PIEDMONT, CALIFORNIA

CLARENCE A. TANTAU, ARCHITECT

April, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

1 1 i 1 1 111 I lllltilll

HOUSE OF MR. AND MRS. ELMER PAXTON. PIEDMONT, CALIFORMA

CLARENCE A. TANTAU, ARCHITECT

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

April, 1928

Messrs. Newsom. There is, however, a
wide range of expression evideneed by
these buildings; a variety which can b\ no
means be accounted for solely by differ-
ences in size and scale. Personal peculiar-
ities characterize Mr. Branner's houses
without at the same time really setting them
apart from the family group.

Mr. Widdowson's house at Walnut
Grove, near Sacramento, is characteristic
of a weakening of the specifically Spanish
influence which we note as wre go north.
On the bases of climate and character of
landscape alone the region around and for
some distance above Sacramento might be
expected to yield an architecture not differ-
ent from that which is typical from San

Francisco southward. Actually the spirit,
while still recognizably Californian, has
been modified by the assimilation of Ro-
manesque and English elements which are
more sparingly used elsewhere. It would
be interesting to speculate on whether this
results from social causes or merely from
the chance presence of designers person-
ally sympathetic to these expressions.

In Mr. Coate's house, still distinctly
Californian, we have a most poetic infusion
of suggestion from the work of French
New Orleans. This house shows in a very
simple and natural way how\ under the
influence of sensitive intelligences, our
architecture is being made to take on
recognizable character and to evolve at one
and the same time.

CERTIFICATES TO PRACTICE

Certificates to practice architecture were granted
March 27 by the California State Board of Archi-
tecture, Southern Division, to the following: Walter
R. Hagedohm, 5026 S. Denker ave., and John E.
Kauzor and Anthony A. Kauzor, 204 S. Occidental
boulevard, Los Angeles; also Frank C. Hope, 825
Sutter street, San Diego. In the Northern District a
certificate has been issued to Lawrence Keyser, Presi-
dent of the San Francisco Architectural Club.

F:Z.5T FLOOfL PLU

PLANS, HOUSE OF MR. AND MRS. ELMER E. PAXTON, PIEDMONT, CALIFORNIA
Clarence A. Tantau, Architect

April, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENCINIXR,

.ERVICE

HOUSE OF MR. JOHN S. BROWN, WALNUT GROVE, CALIFORNIA

A. R. WIDDOWSON, ARCHITECT

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

April, 1928

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April, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

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AND ENGINEER,

April, 1928

PLAN, HOUSE OF MRS. SIDNEY B. NEWSOM, OAKLAND

SIDNEY B., NOBLE and ARCHIE T. NEWSOM, ARCHITECTS

April, 1928

cJAo,

ARCHITECT
AND ENGINEER,

HOUSE OF MRS. SIDNEY B. NEWSOM, OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA
Sidney B., Noble and Archie T. Newsom, Architects

DINING ROOM, HOUSE OF MRS. SIDNEY B. NEWSOM, OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA
Sidney B., Noble and Archie T. Newsom, Architects

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

April, 1928

Moulin l'lmio

HOUSE OF MRS. SIDNEY B. NEWSOM, OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA
SIDNEY B., NOBLE and ARCHIE T. NEWSOM, ARCHITECTS

April, 1928

CJA<?,

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

Bi-rttm W. C rand all, Photo.

HOUSE OF JOSEPH D. TAYLOR, PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA
John K. Branner, Architect

UPPER STAIRHALL, HOUSE OF MR. MILTON BARUCH, LOS ANGELES
Gordon B. Kaufmann, Architect

SMALL HOVSE DESIGN

HE smaller house is well deserved
of the architects' attention today,
and always, if for no other reason
than that the majority of our peo-
ple live in them. The architect's function
demands that he be ever alert to the needs
of his community regarding housing, and
that he assist in supplying it. With the
vast number of homes being built each
year, and the millions of dollars being in-
vested in our communities, the architect, if
he fails to take part in this work, is not ful-
filling his mission to society.

In specific relation to the small house, I
mean houses of six rooms or less, the ques-
tion of the part which the professional ar-
chitect plays has made many of us think!
Think — yes, think. Think of every one
hundred houses built (1926) and out of
those less than one, on the average, had in-
dividual architect's plans, or were erected
under an architect's care. One of the most
pitiful sights when t raveling on train
through our country is to see the terrible
attempts at homes — without architects'
plans and service.

There may be "practical" reasons for the
neglect of the small house on the part of the
architect. These reasons are not recognized
in other professions. The physician, for
example, treats a small case as well as a
larger one. It is common practice to con-
sult with a physician. Why not the consul-
tation with the architect on the Smaller
House? Our communities should be di-
vided up and certain architects or groups
of architects should minister to the needs
of the community on a partial fee basis or
an hourly consultation charge. "Contact"
— another practical reason for distance be-
tween the architect and the small home
60

builder may be overcome. Education of
the public to our service, its value and
costs are essential to the understanding of
it and its use.

Communities should be safeguarded by
us to prevent monstrosities and create and
preserve beauty in form and color in all
our buildings, especially homes. Although
architectural registration and other State
laws tend to regulate into whose hands con-
struction should be safely placed, lax en-
forcement of these laws in our community
allows much, far too much, construction
work to go on without the architects. We
must establish contact and have regulation
of building through our municipal govern-
ment and its building department as well
as State regulations. If there were strict
municipal regulation in all communities in-
cluding suburban areas, we should be able
to create higher standards of architecture
in our homes.

"Architecture is the fine art of building
beautifully." Our homes in their architec-
ture express the habits and customs of our
people of today. We must create them
considering the climate, the length of the
day, the materials to be used, and equip-
ment that is to be installed. We ourselves
are called upon to improve our taste and
appreciation for fitness and appropriateness
of simplicity in the design of the smaller
home of today.

Much design of the small home is being
carried on by the younger architect. The
younger architect has the large field of
homes in which to establish himself and
serve well his neighbor and his community.
Too much credit cannot be given for the
sacrifices made by many younger practi-
tioners in their work of serving the public

April, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

on homes and other smaller buildings, all
absolutely essential to our every-day life
and comforts: However, necessity de-
mands much service for small fees. Be-
cause of no organization among architects
and unwillingness of an uninformed public
to pay the proper charge we find much
house work going on without architect's
services. Organization among architects,
for this purpose, has often been spoken of
but seems far distant, if ever.

However, why not a separate organiza-
tion of architects on the smaller home? If
all architects who, when commissioned to
do a small house, and, desiring to serve
society, could have a central organization
to do this special work at a special fee to
the public, with limited service, they would
fill a definite need. The public is so accus-
tomed to buy standard automobiles — ready-
made suits and other stapled goods made in
quantity — so why not an architectural serv-
ice by the architects, or a group affiliated
in the interest of good architecture and de-
sire to serve the public.

The architect has an important work to
do in relation to the small house; it may be
summarized as follows:

We should advise selection of sites.

We should advise amounts of expendi-
tures on both site and house.

We should advise on financing.

We should plan correctly.

We should design fittingly.

We should administer properly.

We should supervise diligently.

We should remember the importance of
our work.

Although only a matter of months, a
short time in creating it, a house has years
in which to be lived in and criticized. It
requires great wisdom on our part to guide
the client into proper channels of thought
on the problem of his new home. We must
exercise good judgment in preparing pre-
liminary plans. We must estimate proper-
ly before beginning working drawings. We
must show why costs depend on labor and
materials, the cost of which is not fixed by
us or any group of individuals.

The smaller house demands greater at-

tention to economy of space, of material,
simplicity of exterior design and proper de-
tail. Because of these and other necessities,
the problem of the smaller house is, some-
times, harder than the larger house, where
such considerations are secondary instead of
primary.

Is not, then, the question of the relation
of the architect's work to the smaller house
a most important one? American com-
munities in which we live are the very ex-
pression of the lives of our people. Are
we going to sit by and allow house after
house to be erected without proper thought
being exercised as to its plan, design, con-
struction, beauty and durability? No, we
are awake to the responsibility which is
ours to minister to the need as it exists to-
day in the field of small homes.

We are going to contribute to the wel-
fare of our community and our country by
doing smaller houses, by serving the public
in their building problems whenever and
wherever it is our place to do so.

COLOR IN LIGHTING FIXTURES

Interior decorators and those whose
business it is to sell homes, will tell you
that lighting equipment is one of the most
important elements in the appointments of
the beautiful house. Portables and walled
ceiling pieces play a prominent part in
the decorative scheme and may be consid-
ered focal points of a room's furnishings.

A glance at the pageant of color on the
motor highway, in clothing, in furniture
and in many new industries, is eloquent
proof of the vogue of new and brighter
colors. The lighting equipment industry
can capitalize on this trend to a great ex-
tent. Colors to be fresh and beautiful need
not be gaudy polychromes and blazing rain-
bow effects. They can be embellishments
cunningly applied for the purpose of add-
ing character to the design and a pleasing
dash of color to the room.

A rich green wall bracket against a back-
ground of brown and gold, or a black and
scarlet reading lamp in an oak library —
these are the things that add charm to the
atmosphere of the rooms.

ALL-ELECTRIC HOME DROVES
AN ECONOMICAL INVESTMENT

HE application of electricity to
housework has kept pace with
its application elsewhere and to-
day we have the modern electric
home in which all energy for lighting,
cooking, heating and power usage is re-
ceived from the electric company and one
bill covers all costs.

The recent reduction (effective April 1,
1928) of bet- ^——-— ^bmmh

ter than 25',
in the combi-
nation lighting
and heating
rate for homes
i n California
removes the last
obstacle to
complete elec-
trification.

The electric
home is wired
for electric
lights and for
appliances
such as the
iron, toaster,
percolator,
vacuum clean-
er and wash- ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
ing machine. house of george c

It has an electric range for cooking, and an
electric water heater and the rooms are
heated with large electric heaters. The cost
of electricity for operating a six- to eight-
room home so equipped varies from $150
to $240 per year; an average of from $12
to $20 per month.

Nothing is more convincing than the
actual bills, and the tabulation which fol-

lows shows the actual cost under the rates
previous to the recent reduction.

Geo. C. Foss, electrical contractor and
engineer of Sacramento, built an all-elec-
tric home in 1924, and was determined to
keep an accurate record of the cost of elec-
tricity for operating the appliances.

The house was completed in March,
1925, and a record of the bills indicates
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^m that for the

first twelve
months the
average cost
per month was
Si 7.39, and
for 1926, with
the addition of
extra equip-
ment, was only
$19.84 per
month.

Mr. Foss
says: "Our
house has six
rooms not in-
cluding the
den, breakfast
room and nur-
sery. Air heat-
ers of ample
capacity are

FOSS, SACRAMENTO

used throughout. Cooking is done on a 9-
kw. range; a 30-gal. 5-kw. water heater is
used. Concealed exhaust fans are used in
both the kitchen and den. The house is
well lighted from center and bracket out-
lets and closet lights are used throughout.
There are four convenience outlets per
room on the average. An electric refriger-
ator is installed also."

April, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

A list of the bills for the three years
since the home was built follows:
Year 1925

Apr. 21 $ 10.12

May 21 9.43

June 20 10.05

July 23 8.35

Aug. 22 7.75

Sept. 22 9.25

Oct. 22 10.31

Nov. 20 21.23

Dec. 18 25.73

Ian. 20 58.17

Feb. 20 18.97

Mar. 20 19.27

Cost for 12 months $208.63

Average cost per month 17.39

Year 1926

Apr. 20 ...$ 13.87

May 22..... 1 1.23

June 22 .. 12.89

July 23 10.47

Aug. 24 11.18

Sept. 24 14.15

Oct. 22 14.15

Nov. 23 14.15

Dec. 23 19.56

Jan. 22 39.87

Feb. 23 _ 45.45

Mar. 23 21.07

Cost for 12 months $238.04

Average cost per month 19.84

Year 1927

April $18.57

May 12.73

June 14.1 1

July 8.83

August 7.14

September 11.35

October 14.15

November 20.09

December 61.87

Year 1928

January $47.75

February 12.7/

From the above record the COSt under
the new low rates would be equal to or less
than the cost of operating a home with less
modern equipment. However, the operat-
ing cost is only one feature of the electric
home, as it embodies all the labor-saving
devices for the busy housewife, shortening
by two to four hours a day the most dis-
agreeable part of the daily grind of clean-
ing and scrubbing.

The safety feature alone which results
from elimination of fire and explosive haz-
ards and the complete absence of obnoxious
fumes is of itself a strong recommendation
for the electric home.

When the electric home is planned as
such from the start, it is more desirable
than another type even from the standpoint
of direct cost. The cost of furnace room,
chimneys, flues and other incidentals of
construction are avoided and the home
shows to marked advantage from the stand-
point of interest on the investment, main-
tenance, depreciation, labor, safety and
general desirability. The depreciation and
maintenance items will be found to be less,
not only on the house and heating equip-
ment but upon the furnishings as well.

The new low electric rates for homes
should be taken into consideration and
given serious thought by architects and
home builders before final details of con-
struction are settled. For the plate of Mr.
Foss1 house shown here acknowledgment
is made to the Cannon Company of Sac-
ramento.

Qohe MODERN HOME w the TELEPHONE

^Jrec/erzc/c - jennjn&s

HEN plans for an ultra-modern
home are being drawn, architects
generally recognize the desira-
bility of providing in advance
for telephone service, through specifying
suitable conduit and accessories to be in-
stalled at the time of construction. Tele-
phone facilities are equally as important
as those for gas, water and electricity, and
are as indispensable as a staunch founda-
tion. Carefully planned in advance, these
service outlets in various rooms insure con-
venience and satisfaction to the owner and
are, all in all, as essential to his investment
as durable building materials.

Preferences for telephone locations in
homes vary among owners. It is conceded,
however, that two or more telephones are
necessary; and that in the larger homes the
number of telephones is primarily gov-
erned by room arrangements and family
customs. With this thought in mind the
outstanding advantages of individual rooms
as telephone locations may be summarized
as follows :

A telephone in the hall is particularly
accessible, at all times, to members of the
household and guests.

A telephone in the master bedroom pro-
vides convenience, safety and privacy.

In the kitchen a telephone is practically
indispensable, as it is used for ordering
supplies and enables servants to answer
calls without necessity of entering the
family living quarters.

The dining room, less frequently used
than other first floor rooms, is a very de-
sirable telephone location, affording quiet
and privacy, as well as convenience, at meal
times.

A telephone in study, den or library is
ideally situated, with respect to privacy,
quiet and accessibility.

In the boudoir, a telephone furnishes the
same convenience to the housewife that a
64

telephone in the den or study gives to the
husband.

It can be seen readily, therefore, that
main line and extension telephones con-
veniently located are essential to a well-
planned telephone arrangement, and that
in many cases, standard telephone company
wiring plans can be used to advantage in
meeting individual preferences for ringing
of bells, privacy of conversation and for
extension bells.

The telephone company business offices,
through their familiarity with telephone
problems of every type, are a source of
accurate and frequently invaluable aid to
architects and builders in devising tele-
phone layouts for every type of home —
bungalow, mansion or community apart-
ment— and, of course, for business and pub-
lic structures, as well. A booklet entitled
"In Your Building Plans — Remember
Telephone Service" is of especial interest;
while printed sheets bearing representative
floor plans, with telephone locations spot-
ted, are also helpful. All are available,
without cost, at any telephone company
business office.

In conclusion, it can be said that the ad-
vantages of including telephone facilities
in architects1 plans are preeminently to be
found in achieving the final and most de-
sirable result of fitting a home perfectly
around a family's varying preferences and
requirements. In addition, there is a great
deal of satisfaction to be derived by the
architect and builder in knowing that prob-
ably it will never be necessary to disturb
beautiful interiors and exteriors, for which
they are responsible. In other words, walls,
partitions and floors need never be marred
by boring holes and placing wires. Truly,
expert attention to these details must surely
result in lasting goodwill toward those re-
sponsible for planning and construction,
on the client's part.

STYLES IN HARDWOOD FLOORS

■7'

oo/t/s

HK changes of style in hardwood
floors has been, as in other details
of architecture, quite marked
ing the last forty years. Since
1888 the writer has been actively employed
in this line, and in that period many inter-
esting changes have taken place.

Originally the hardwood flooring busi-
ness had to do mostly with residences—
though much work was done in offices,
hotels and public buildings. Now few, in-
deed, of the largest structures are completed
without hardwood of some kind being in
the principal rooms.

The introduction of "wood carpet11 be-
gan in the eighties and there are still floors
of this type to be found in San Francisco
and vicinity in excellent condition.

This wood carpet was made of thin strips
3-16-in. thick by \%-\n. wide or 3-16-inx
1 %-in., of lengths from 18 inches to 36
inches. These strips were glued to cotton
sheeting, being laid out in section or panels
of various widths and all panels 12 feet
long. Each panel was rolled and bound
with rope for shipment and formed a pack-
age of about the same shape and size as a
roll of carpet. Hence the name given to
the commodity was "wood carpet11.

Wood carpet was manufactured princi-
pally of oak, but w^alnut, maple and gum
strips of thickness and lengths correspond-
ing with the oak were sometimes alternat-
ed with the oak or maple. Wood carpet,
as it came from the factory in rolls was
often cut into squares on arrival here and
laid diagonally on the floor with ornamen-
tal borders.

Afterwards ornamental parquetry was
extensively used. Very elaborate designs
combining the use of oak, walnut, mahog-
any, maple, ebony, holly, cherry, rosewood
and amaranth were the vogue with borders
to harmonize in design, or sometimes laid
to the base. The herringbone and block

patterns became popular and have contin-
ued to be so. Many elaborate French de-
signs were placed in a majority of the
very elegantly furnished homes built from
1890 to 1910 nearly all of them being of
the "thin floor1' type, which became 5-16 in.
thick about 1895 and has remained of that
standard to this day.

The San Francisco fire in i 906 ended the
period of wood carpet and elaborate par-
quet floors. In the haste to rebuild the
easiest and qiuckest method was adopted.
"Strip floors11 that required no manipula-
tion excepting the usual process of kiln dry-
ing and machining of the stock, was exten-
sively used. Strips were shipped in from
the east in very large quantities for several
months as the municipal authorities would
not permit the operation of our local plant
because of the fire risk, water not being
available to extinguish a fire.

Strip hardwood floors have held the field
to recent times. The trade is familiar with
them now. Eastern white oak strip floors
are the best because the texture of the white
oak is firmer and harder than other oaks.

The standard thickness is 5-16 in. and
standard width is 2 inches. It is not con-
sidered advisable to use wider strips lest
the flooring cup or buckle. Very fine ef-
fects, however, are obtained by using 3-inch
widths, in the herringbone style especially.
Care must be taken that there is no mois-
ture in walls of timber whether the stand-
ard or wider strip floors are specified. The
wider strips will be more likely to warp
than the standard widths. The narrow
stock (it is made as narrow as '% of an inch)
stands best.

Competitive and speculative conditions
in the building business have of late creat-
ed a need for something different, some-
thing more attractive and better than strip
floors. As a result, parquet borders and
centers are today in demand for the princi-

ARCHITECT
AND ENGINEER,

April, 1928

pal rooms, such as living and dining rooms
and entrance halls. Successful builders are
ordering more elaborate styles. Parquetry
apparently is again in favor as an aid to the
disposal of residences and bungalows.

In fine residences "plank floors" of ran-
dom widths, 13-16 in. thick, tongued and
grooved, end matched, kiln dried stock,
laid base to base, with wood plugs at the
butts to conceal the nails or screws, are
much in vogue. They are made to resem-
ble the old planks that our Colonial ances-
tors dined and danced upon. Wooden plugs
are interspersed irregularly over the sur-
face of the floors, which is often planed
with a rounded plane bit so as to give the
whole face of the floor the appearance of
having been hewn with an adze. Random
width floors are generally of oak, but teak,
walnut and mahoganv are appropriate
woods. It depends upon the decorative ef-
fect that is desired as to which should be
used.

In conclusion I might add that the ten-
dency is to return to the more ornate pat-
terns in the houses built for sale and to the
13-16 in. floors in plank, block and herring-
bone styles in the principal rooms of the
finer homes, club and hotel buildings and
apartments.

STATE PARK CONFERENCE

XE of the most important confer-
ences ever held by the National
Conference on State Parks will
take place in San Francisco June 26, 27,
28, 29 and 30. San Francisco was selected
to aid in interesting the citizens of the
State in the ratification of the $6,000,000
bond issue for State parks.

California is to make the most of one of
her greatest assets. A State Park Commis-
sion has been created which will adminis-
ter all State parks under the newly organ-
ized Department of Natural Resources. A
survey of State park possibilities has been
authorized and a fund of $15,000 provided
for this work. This in addition to the pas-
sage of the bond issue bill.

The program of the National Confer-
ence has not been definitely worked out as
yet, but an interesting outline has been for-

mulated. The first day of the conference
will be spent in formal sessions at the Hotel
Mark Hopkins, the headquarters while in
San Francisco, with several illustrated ad-
dresses in the evening. On Wednesday, the
27th, business sessions will be held in the
out-of-doors, with a trip to Mt. Tamalpais,
lunch at the tavern, followed by a trip to
Muir Woods for the afternoon session. A
barbecue will be held in this very beautiful
national monument in the evening. On the
28th, business session will be held at the
hotel. If the plan proves feasible the dele-
gates will leave by train on the evening of
the 28th for Dyerville, where on Friday
sessions of the conference will be held in
the Humboldt Redwood State Park. A
one-day session of the conference will be
held in Los Angeles, probably following
the Dyerville trip.

Among the speakers at the conference
will be Governor C. C. Young, of Cali-
fornia; Hon. Stephen Mather, director of
the National Park Service; Dr. John C.
Merriam, president of Carnegie Institute
and the Save-the-Redwoods League; Colo-
nel Richard Lieber, director of the De-
partment of Conservation of Indiana;
Major W. A. Welch, general manager of
the Palisades Interstate Park of New
York; Colonel David Chapman, Great
Smoky Mountains National Park As-
sociation; Wilbur A. Nelson, Corcoran
professor of geology at the LTniversity of
Virginia; Duncan McDuffie, of the State
Parks Council of California; Newton B.
Drury, of the Save-the-Redwoods League;
Judge Robert Sawyer, state highway com-
missioner of Oregon, and many other
prominent conservationists. The program
will be a most interesting one and will deal
with many important phases of park de-
velopment.

California already owns a splendid nu-
cleus of parks in the 9,000 acres of red-
wood forest in the California Redwood
State Park in Santa Cruz County, the 3,000
acres of redwoods in Humboldt and Del
Norte counties, the Mt. Diablo State Park
of 580 acres in Contra Costa County, and
the Burney Falls State Park in Shasta
County — 13,000 acres in all.

Cfchs GARDEN and <^he HOME

T WILL be remembered that
when Candide, under the mock-
ing guidance of M. Voltaire, had
exhausted the adventurous possi-
bilities of the world — sampling unto satiety
all exotic and curious pastimes — he was
content to retire to a reasonable obscurity
where he might "cultivate a little garden.'1

This was, in Voltaire's artificial age, an
extreme reaction from the pleasures af-
forded by the flesh and the devil ; yet it was
by no means an unprecedented retreat from
the surfeit caused by too much living. One
recalls that in the midst of another too
highly civilized age the Emperor Diocle-
tian laid down the heavy sceptre of the
Roman Empire to take a villa in Illyria
and surround it with a simple garden. The
brow that had been made feverish by the
Roman crown exuded healthy perspiration
as the royal backslider labored with spade
and mattock to make roses grow in a little
private paradise along the Adriatic. The
story runs that when affairs of state became
too complicated for his successor, Diocle-
tian was waited on by an embassy from the
Eternal City and en-
treated to resume the
throne.

"What nonsense!''
— this was about the
substance of his reply
— "do you not see that
my garden needs all
my attention?11

This passionate
love of gardens has
never been — can
never be — eradicated
from human nature.
It is as primeval as
:>ur love of home. The
most confined of city-

THE POTTERS ART MID GROWING THINGS

dwellers will water a flowerpot perched
dizzily on a tenement fire escape. The mys-
tery of growth pervades all life, but for
some strange reason, even those who do nor
thrill to the unfolding of a butterfly never
cease marveling at the emergence of a ten-
der green shoot from the soil where a seed
was planted, and the flowering of an un-
likely looking bulb into living rainbow
radiance.

There are many rules for gardens, but
perhaps all may be embraced in the state-
ment that no gardener gets more out of his
garden than he puts into it. This dogma
is as true of the experienced landscape en-
gineer with unlimited resources at his com-
mand as it is of the humble commuter who
sacrifices his dinner cigar in order to spend
a few cents more at the seed merchant's.
For no garden is merely an assemblage of
beautiful flowers and shrubs set in the
midst of well-ordered paths. Large or
small, a garden must have a soul. Candide
could have grown flowers before he set
forth to acquaint himself with the sharp
differences of humanity. Diocletian might

have ordered an acre-
age of flower-beds in
Rome. But gardens
would not have re-
sulted. A g a r d e n
worthy to be called' a
garden, like a habita-
tion worthy to be call-
ed a home, has a soul
because the heart and
soul of some man or
woman is in it.

To put it another
way, a garden is such
a natural thing that
only natural persons
may hope to grow

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

April, 1928

VINES AND SHRUBS ARE NEIGHBORLY TO THIS JAR OF GREEN
GARDEN POT BY GLADDING, McBEAN & CO.

April, 1028

Q5K

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

gardens. One must soil one's hand with the fragrans, though the same thing, is miles

soil in order to make the soil fruitful unto away in the matter of appeal. One learned

true personal satisfaction. One may learn in these hard names might conceivably

much from a botanical garden, but one tan "peep and botanize upon his mother's

not fall in love with it it is too vast, too grave" and indeed Wordsworth accused

impersonal, too scientific. The true garden such a one of doing no les- but a gardener

expresses not science, but art. as distinguished horn a mere botanical ex-

The art of gardens is as much more im- pert is always tender in sentiment; there are

SWIMMING POOL, ROBINSON GARDEN, BEVERLY HILLS, CALIFORNIA

portant than the science of gardening as
the homely old names of flowers are su-
perior in appeal to their botanical nomen-
clature. It is impossible not to love Jack-
in-the-pulpit, whereas one merely stays
cold when it is called Arisaema triphyllum.
Breath-of-heaven actually brings us the
sweetness of another world, but Haenka

flowers growing in his ever-receptive heart.
True gardens may be large or small — it
makes little difference. With the right
spirit one may lay out acres, or confine one-
self to a bit of a patch between city flat
buildings. But that man is ineomplete in
experience of life who does not eventuallv
find happiness where Candide and Dioclet-
ian found it — in a garden.

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

April, 1928

WHERE WHOLESOME BERRIES THRIVE AND RIPEN BEST

- ■ AWBERRY JAR BY GLADDING. McBEAN i.

April. 1928

ARCHITECT

AND LNCINLLR.

HOUSE OF MR. WILLIAM A. POWELL, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA

MORROW & MORROW, ARCHITECTS

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

April, 1928

THE BATHROOM BEAUTIFUL
By B. F. Blair

\ NO feature of home building, re-
modeling or decoration has there
been so marked an advance as in
the bathroom. By styling plumbing fixtures
and fittings to the grace and dignity of fine
furniture, manufacturers have brought into
the picture of the home beautiful the one
room that for years has been regarded from
a purely utilitarian stand-point.

A treatise on "Home Decoration" (pub-
lished no longer ago than 1921) — a 400-
page volume, profusely illustrated and
creditably covering every other phase of
the subject — devotes only six pages to the
chapter on uThe Bathroom1' and two of
these pages are used to illustrate the au-
thor's idea of a model bathroom. Less than
ten years ago the ideal bathroom, as con-
ceived by an authority on home decoration,
was little more than a convenient cubicle
for housing the fixtures. The bathtub in
the chief illustrations was enameled inside
and painted outside. The hot water sup-
ply came from an oil or gas-burning heater
in the corner of the room just above the
tub. The lavatory was a marble shelf with
an enameled iron bowl cemented in, while
the closet was of a type, then out-of-date,
with high tank and pull chain.

The only decorative notes in the ensemble
were the dotted swiss curtains and the strip
of figured oilcloth covering the window
ledge, upon which stood a vase of flowers.
The most conspicuous thing in the room
was the array of pipes running along the
wall under the lavatory, giving the room
an appearance more closely resembling a
boiler room than a bathroom.

What a change has been wrought in a
few years! Pipes have disappeared into
the walls, floors and ceilings, emerging
only at a point of contact with the fixture.

The bath of today is of glistening enamel
inside and out. One manufacturer has de-
veloped an enamel of acid-resisting quality,
which defies all cleaning compounds and
abrasives, insuring unmarred beauty
through years of use.

£Hd&

PLANS, HOUSE OF MR. WM. A. POWELL, BERKELEV

Morrow and Garren, Architects

Additions by Morrow & Morrow, Architects

The tubs of built-in design so widely pre-
ferred are far more pleasing in appearance
than the old style. They also meet the
modern demands of sanitation, by elimin-
ating the space underneath that accumu-
lated dirt.

[Turn to Page 113]

April, l(>2N

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

HOUSE OF MR. WILLIAM A. POWELL, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA
MORROW & MORROW, ARCHITECTS

MY EVROPEAN IMPRESSIONS

CO Clausen'Cy¥rc/?i/ec/xJJra7dO'r(zncisco

IT. THK TOWER OF LONDON

LONG the banks of the river
Thames stands an irregular mass
of buildings, surrounded by bat-
tlemented walls and a deep moat
now drained. The entire group within the
walls, covering 13 acres, is known as "The
Tower."

This place was first used as a royal resi-
dence and stronghold, but is more histori-
cally known as a prison. The black deeds
done and the miseries suffered within its
gloomy walls would fill volumes. Sir Wal-
ter Raleigh was imprisoned here for thir-
teen years and finally executed. Here the
noble and innocent Lady Jane Grey was
beheaded and likewise Anne Boleyn, whose
fair head fell as the gun sounded to in-
form Henry VIII that he was rid of her
forever.

William the Conqueror built the central
keep, which is called the White Tower, in
1079 and his successors continued to im-
prove the defenses till
it took its present
form. The Tower, old
as it is, is not a ruin
and is still in use, al-
though only as a mu-
seum, arsenal and
treasure house. Here
are kept the crown
jewels and regalia of
England which can
b e closely observed
through heavily bar-
red glass cases guard-
ed by numerous arm-
ed attendants. A won-
derful collection o f
armor is displayed in
the Tower and many
specimens are hun-
dreds of years old.

Within the walls of the White Tower
is the chapel of St. John with its massive
pillars and cubical capitals, its wide tri-
forium, its apse borne by stilted round
arches and its barrel vaulted ceiling. This
chapel is one of the finest and best preserv-
ed specimens of Norman architecture in
England.

The human touch in the history of the
Tower of London is of more interest than
the gray old walls, for here have been enact-
ed strange deeds, many glories and many
tragedies. We reflect the kings living
here at first and later the place deserted as
a royal residence and turned into a state
prison for great and important prisoners.
Then came the mysterious happenings,
murders and tortures perpetrated by greedy
and bloodthirsty tyrants. Perhaps one of
the saddest crimes committed here was the
murder of the two young princes at the in-
stigation of Richard of Gloucester, whose

path to the throne was
blocked by these two
youngsters. After
their bodies were se-
cretly buried, Rich-
ard w a s hailed as
-King Richard III,"
but this villainous
monster was soon met
and slain by the Earl
of Richmond at Bos-
worth Field when, as
the Bard of Avon
writes, it was said :

"God and your arms
be praised victorious
friends ;

I III I'HWKR OF LONDON

The day is ours,- the
bloody dog is dead."

April, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

Padilla Photo

HOUSE OF MR. GEOFFREY MAYO, PASADENA. CALIFORNIA

ROLAND E. COATE, ARCHITECT

April, 1928

cJAo,

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

Padilla Photo

HOUSE OF MR. GEOFFREY MAYO, PASADENA, CALIFORNIA

ROLAND E. COATE, ARCHITECT

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER

April, 1928

ir^i . J: KjJ ' i :l""lrff*:'""
\ .*- J i-ir^^v^jrimjtr .«*» -.— — Hi

JILCOVjD fLOOK^

HOUSE OF MR. GEOFFREY MAYO, PASADENA. CALIFORNIA

ROLAND E. COME, ARCHITECT

April, 1928

QtfS
ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

raililla Photo

HOUSE OF MR. GEOFFREY MAYO, PASADENA. CALIFORNIA

ROLAND E. COATE, ARCHITECT

April, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND LNCINEER,

Padilla Phot

HOUSE OF MR. GEOFFREY MAYO, PASADENA, CALIFORNIA

ROLAND E. COATE, ARCHITECT

April, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

V. P. Graham, Photo Dowsett-RuU Company fiuildtrs

HOUSE OF MR. AND MRS. KENNETH MONTEAGLE, PEBBLE BEACH. CALIFORNIA

CLARENCE A. TANTAU, ARCHITECT

Ai»nl, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

/. P. Graham, Photo

HOUSE OF MR. KENNETH MONTEAGLE, PEBBLE BEACH, CALIFORNIA

CLARENCE A. TANTAU, ARCHITECT

April, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND DNCINEER.

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ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

April. 1928

f LOOR.-PLAN-

PLAN, HOI SE OF MR. AND MRS. KENNETH MONTEAGLE, PEBBEE BEACH

CLARENCE A. TANTAU, ARCHITECT

April, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

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April, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

'»i

J. P. Graham, Photo

Dowsctt-Riihl Co.. Builders

HOUSE OF MRS. CHARLES WHEELER, JR., PEEBLE BEACH, CALIFORNIA

CLARENCE A. TAN'TAC, ARCHITECT

0)Q

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

April, 1928

5LCON0 FLOOR. PLAN

T1R.ST -FL0OR.-PLAN-

PLANS, HOUSE OF MRS. CHARLES WHEELER, PEEBLE BEACH, CALIFORNIA

CLARENCE A. rANTAU, ARCHITECT

April, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENCINLLk.

I . I'. Graham, I'linin

HOUSE OF MRS. CHARLES WHEELER, JR., PEBBLE HI u II

CLARENCE A. I VNTAU, ARCHITE< I

April, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

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ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

April, 1928

PLAN, HOUSE OF CHARLES LUX LEWIS, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA

JOHN K. BRANNER, ARCHITECT

April, J928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

'17

HOUSE OF CHARLES LUX LEWIS, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA

JOHN K. BRANNER, ARCHITECT

April, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

HOUSE OF CHARLES LUX LEWIS, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA

JOHN K. BRANNER, ARCHITECT

April. 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

101

H" M. Clarke, Photo

HOUSE OF MR. MILTON BARUCH, LOS ANGELES
GORDON B. KAUFMANN, ARCHITECT

102

ARCHITECT

AND LNCINELR,

April, 1928

TfJ-4— ' lit

»>Od

PLANS. HOUSE OF MR. MILTON BARUCH, LOS ANGELES
GORDON H KAUFMANN, ARCHITECT

Apnl. 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

L03

I!'. M. Clarke, Photo

ENTRANCE HOUSE OF MR. MILTON BARUCH, LOS ANGELES

GORDON B. KAUFMANN, ARCHITECT

April, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

105

W. M. Clarke, Photo.

HOUSE OF MR. MILTON BARUCH, LOS ANGELES

GORDON B. KAUFMANN, ARCHITECT

A CALIFORNIA VNIFOR?tf BVILDING CODE

-Ok n yno JO <^C^oparc/ °^ C? C5

HE present State-wide movement
toward preparing a California
Standard Building Code results
from a realization of the chaotic
building conditions prevailing under the
existing laws of California municipalities.
Present laws contain unwarranted diver-
gent values of the strength of building ma-
terials, unjustifiably restrict the manner of
their use, and, in some cases, permit the
use of types of construction that were ac-
cepted more because of the presentations
by and the desires of those financially inter-
ested in them rather than from considera-
tions of sound construction. The lack of a
proper estimate by public officials of the
importance of these conditions and the non-
existence of a recognized, independent
authoritative source for them to appeal for
advice or guidance is responsible for this
situation.

.Manifestly this condition needs correc-
tion, but it can be done only through a lead-
ership that commands State-wide confidence
in its integrity of purpose and its freedom
from motives other than a desire to honest-
ly serve the public. The California Devel-
opment Association, which is so eminently
fitted and perfectly equipped for this work,
has accepted the leadership. Through the
efforts of Arthur Bent of Los Angeles, as-
sisted by Frederick Koster of San Fran-
cisco, both directors of the association, a
committee of six business men, whose mem-
bership is divided equally between the
northern and the southern portions of the
State, has been formed. This committee
invited the California Chapters of the
American Institute of Architects, the Cali-
fornia Sections of the American Society of
Civil Engineers, the California Associa-
tions of General Contractors and the Pa-
cific Coast Building Officials' Conference
to undertake the formulation of a State
Uniform Building Code.

The first three of these organizations ac-
cepted the invitation and appointed their
committees, three north and three south,
which have organized as the "California
Standard Building Code Committees. " The
membership of these committees will num-
ber about forty, all of whom are devoting
their time and expenses to this work gratis.
Through an Executive Committee, the serv-
ices of Edwin Bergstrom, member of the
Southern Chapter of the American Insti-
tute of Architects, and Henry D. Dewell,
member of the San Francisco Section of the
American Society of Civil Engineers, have
been secured as Architectural and Engin-
eering Editors and will be compensated for
their services and expenses. Thedutiesof the
editors will be to collect and collate care-
fully and exhaustively information desired
by the committees and be a means of con-
tact between them to facilitate early agree-
ments. The jurisdiction of the contents of
the code will remain exclusively with the
six committees.

The funds necessary to carry on this work
will be placed by the California Develop-
ment Association to the credit of the Execu-
tive Committee, which will have exclusive
control of its expenditure. This will elimi-
nate all financial obligations from the com-
mittees and insure their freedom to fairly
and impartially carry on this work.

The concept of a California Standard
Building Code is an instrument that will
impose conditions pertaining to safe build-
ing that should prevail throughout the
State. There are some conditions that are
—and properly so — controlled by localities,
such as limiting heights of buildings; hence
its arrangements will be such that these can
be inserted without disturbing the essential
portion of the text. Such a code will tend
to standardize materials and methods of
construction and foster sound building.

10G

QKe INSPIRATION of a BEAVTIFVL KITCHEN

Jt>y *CQV JU Cox <^> P/ce fires/Jeni
iPeerJess /Du/Vt-jn fjxiurc Company

EAUTY may be the result of
many ideas or conditions, but
some of these are color, propor-
tion, balance, harmony, orderli-
ness, cleanliness,
simplicity, and
thesearealsoessen-
tal ideas for satis-
factory kitchen
planning and fur-
nishings. Beauty
and cheer make
hardtaskspleasant
duty and to this
end is good kit-
chen designing.

The ultimate
consumers of kit-
c h e n equipment
are naturally those
who work in the
kitchen or with
the equipment and they are to be consid-
ered when the pur-
chase of the equip-
ment is made, as the
work in the kitchen
can be made a drudge
or a pleasure by the
utility of the fixtures
and the appearance of
the room. Heed the
wishes of housekeep-
ers. Seek their satis-
faction if you choose
to succeed in kitchen
planning. Familiarity
with the details and

THE HEIGHT OF CONVENIENCE

process of housekeeping is also necessary,

but above all beauty and harmony must be

had to inspire a worker to forget the work.

For ages past, too many kitchens have

been drab and
dreary workshops
and places in
which one wishes
to finish her task
and slip away to
other quarters, or
more beaut iful
surround ings.
From antiquated
and u n s a n itary
plumbing fixtures,
we have rapidly
turned to the
beautiful, bright,
smooth, glossy
and ultra-sanitary
plumbing equip-
ment; from crude, awkward kitchen fit-
tings to the carefully
designed, practical
and neat units we find
it easy to turn. From
drab dull colors to
glaring white, kitchen
experts are turning
to modern pleasing
shades, to cheerful
colors which blend in
harmony and appear-
ance, and are inspir-
ing and interesting.

In contrast to the
thought less plan,

107

108

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

April, 1928

CUPBOARDS AND DRAINBOARD

careful attention is being given to beauty,
proportions and the placing of all equip-
ment for kitchen use. A constant and rapid
progress is being made by manufacturers
of standard fixtures in every phase of house-
hold furnishings and it is natural that the
equipment of kitchens should not lag far
behind. For those who work in a kitchen
it is easy to understand the impulse that has
put beauty before convenience in this much
discussed department of every home. Fac-
tory designers are now giving every heed
to this desire for pleasing effects and prac-
tical beauty.

The designing of kitchen equipment
contemplates a place for everything and
everything in its place. Orderliness adds
to beauty.

Naturally all things entering into a kit-
chen must be efficient, convenient, prac-
tical and durable. But first, those who un-
derstand are demanding today that they
must be beautiful, for of all these charac-
teristics, beauty is by far the most inspiring.
The elements that go to make up the kit-
chen equipment must look their part. Por-
celain table tops and drainboards in their
non-porous, glossy enamel appearance are
by far the most appealing for the work
they are to do.

Cabinet work should be adequate and
complete in detail. Compartments should
be neither too small nor too large, for the
articles to be placed therein. Neatly de-

signed and moulded panel doors with care-
fully-rounded lips on the front add to the
beauty and avoid the unsightly crack as in
the old fashioned cupboard door.

Neat, solid brass hardware can add much
to the attractiveness of kitchen equipment.
Glass knobs and handles wherever possible
are used, in crystal, opal, or bright colors
to fit into the scheme of decoration.

It is not considered satisfactory for kit-
chen equipment to have large open shelves
nor spacious closed shelves for the placing
of small kitchen utensils. Medium-sized
tight compartments are by far more desir-
able. Tops of cupboards are usually closed
in to avoid unsightly places, which catch all
rubbish and dust, and these high storage
compartments which are not so easily ac-
cessible are usually separately closed.

Excepting in the larger and more costly
houses, where servants do much of the work,
no pantries are used today. Even in these
larger houses, pantries are not found as sat-
isfactory and adequate as proper kitchen
cabinets, and the very handily arranged,
modern built-in furniture.

Tight metal bins for the storing of flour,
sugar, bread, and other supplies are by far
more popular than old fashioned tilting
wooden bins. These metal compartments
are required to be made tight with self-
closing lids and should be easily removed
for cleaning.

For the open compartments under the

A MARVELOUS KITCHEN

April, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND LNCINEER,

109

usual sink there has recently been devel-
oped a pair of swinging panels with special-
ly designed compartments, for the storing
of soap, washing powders, brushes, scour-
ing accessories, cloths and other equip-
ment, which are frequently used around
the sink. The better type of these are grace-
fully curved and designed to add to the kit-
chen appearance.

Mirrors and obscure ground glass are
being placed in the panels of the cupboard
doors, both of which add to the neatness
and tidy appearance of the kitchen.

Special and adequate compartments are
being designed for each of the many differ-
ent classes of large items that go to make up
kitchen apparatus. A small cabinet for
spices and extracts is being installed in the
most modern kitchen today. The thought-
ful placing of cutlery trays, cutting boards
and bottle racks, add to the many handy
features of kitchen equipment. Sliding
trays for pots, kettles and pans are being
used in place of stationary shelves. Racks
are placed on the backs of doors for pot
lids, pie and cake tins.

Folding built-in ironing boards, seats
and tables are now an important part of all
kitchen equipment. The folding tables add
much to the convenience when placed near
the dining room door to assist in serving.

Handmade, carpenter-built cupboards

FOR THE PANTRY

BEAUTIFUL AND EFFICIEN1

and bins are proving less and less satisfac-
tory, while standard designs of trade-
marked kitchen equipment is continually
being more used throughout the country. A
quality of material and ideas is continually
being insisted upon by the users of all kit-
chen apparatus and equipment.

When you go into an apartment house or
a home in any town today and see the car-
penters on the job, actually sawing and cut-
ting and fitting and nailing together things
like kitchen cabinets, built-in furniture,
bookcases or fittings for the bathroom, it
means just one thing; someone has not
thoroughly investigated the possibilities of
those fittings which are being offered to the
housewife to make more beautiful and ef-
ficient kitchens. When a carpenter gets
through with a "cut and fit" job of kitchen
furniture, there is no more comparison be-
tween what he has built and the furniture
for the same purpose which you can buy
from a good factory that specializes in such
things, than there is between the finished
job of automobile painting, done by an ex-
pert, and a home-made job done by the
owner, out in his own garage. Economy of
labor and lumber and nails and screws is
not the ideal to achieve in building the
highest type of kitchen furniture.

The business office has been recipient of
much attention ; machines and devices of
every description have found their way
into use, until the modern office radiates

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

April, 1928

efficiency and con-
venience of every
kind. The old office,
as well as the new,
has its typewriters,
telephones, its mod-
ern desks and other
conveniences. Why
should your home
not be equipped the
same way?

Every woman i s
entitled to as much
consideration for her
comfort and effic-
iency in her domain
as any workingman
in his. Suffrage has
brought much free-
dom for mothers and
wives, many liberties which were unknown
in days gone by. But women are as tired
of domestic drudgery as ever, and largely
because of unbeautiful, inefficient and an-
tiquated kitchens.

There is springing up in the world of in-
dustry today many new vocations, and one
of the more recent is that work which is
being done by the Kit-
chen Engineers. Radio
has brought its radio
e n g i n e er ing, aero-
planes brought aero-
nautic experts, and
every new industry
creates new fields of
occupation. In every
community a new vo-
cation is in the making;
a new vocation in an
old field; the business
of home modernizing.

Good kitchen plan-
ning is always depen-
dent upon a sound
knowledge of kitchen
practice and the manu-
facturers of kitchen
equipment have, with-
out exception, done
considerable in the

A DELIGHTFUL KITCHEN

FOR THE BREAKFAST ALCOVE

study of the most
convenient layout
for modernizing kit-
chens. It would, in
a very large way
seem that they are
now acting as a
clearing house for
the more advanced
ideas in kitchen
equipment, for to
them are brought
many original and
beneficial sugges-
tions for adoption
and improvement of
workable quarters.
Their opportunities
are m any and ex-
ceedingly varied and
should develop the best at all times.

In all kitchens there are five elements
which must be provided for. First the stove,
second the sink, third a center of working
operations, fourth a general storage space,
and fifth some form of refrigeration. To
take care of these a satisfactory, flexible
system of unit fixtures has been worked out
by the manufacturers
of kitchen equipment,
and these units may be
combined in any of a
great variety of ways
to exactly meet the re-
quirement of given
amount of space or any
shape of kitchen.
Equipment of this kind
is made in varying
widths, depths, heights,
and in many different
types, depending upon
the uses or functions
which they are to per-
form.

There is a .decided
change in the standard
of living conditions of
today- The increasing
trend toward the em-
ployment of fewer and

April, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND FJVJCINtXR.

111

fewer servants, and the mounting difficulty
of securing and keeping them, has necessi-
tated the installation of modern step-saving
and space conserving fittings. These stand-
ardized products are finding increasing
favor. The leading manufacturers, almost
without exception, are offering as a part of
their service facilities an expert planning
bureau. Through these bureaus the owner
or manager of apartments or homes can se-
cure advice, not only on installation of
equipment, or the particular manufacture,
but also on the general layout and equip-
ment of the kitchen. Architects are also
finding this service helpful. All sensible
manufacturers of kitchen cabinet equip-
ment are producing a large variety of units,
any of which can be combined to create the
exact combination for any particular type
of kitchen.

The effect of a harmonious and happy
kitchen is the result of satisfactory design-
ing of the equipment and fittings. This
work can best be done under the attention
and supervision of designers and craftsmen
who have every facility to work out their
ideas and apply their ability to the greatest
degree and to make the most of their oppor-
tunities.

Real satisfying beauty in the kitchen
must start with equipment. The foundation
of beauty must be laid in the construction
and detail designing; designing that is prac-
tical and workable. So it will be seen that
the elements of beauty must be always borne
in mind when manufacturing built-in kit-
chen fixtures if we are to achieve inspiring,
beautiful kitchens.

GREATEST EXAMPLES OF
ARCHITECTURE

Wis THE new Nebraska State Capitol one
I 1 of America's ten greatest examples of
architecture or only an interesting new
architectural form? Is it as high an expres-
sion of art as the Harkness Memorial
building at Yale, the new Telephone and
Woolworth buildings in New York city,
or to be compared with the sublime Lin-
coln Memorial in Washington? Has Kan-
sas City, Chicago, New Orleans, San Fran-

cisco or I -os .Angeles produced ;m\ archi-
tecture as great as thai of the east? Such a
lively interest in these questions is shown
h\ the lists now being received by Charles
II. Cheney, sccTctar> of the Art Jury at
Palos Verdes Estates, California, which
conducting a world-wide inquiry into wh.it
are the greatest examples of architecture,
landscape architecture, painting and sculp-
ture in this country, and also in the world,
that the closing of the inquiry has definitely
been extended to December 15, 1928. This
will also give more time for the foreign
lists to come in.

Ralph Fanning, professor of fine arts
at Ohio State University, says that the fol-
lowing are the ten greatest examples of
architecture and landscape architecture in
America :

American Architecture

Nebraska State Capitol, designed by Goodhue —
Lincoln, Neb.

St. Thomas Cathedral, designed by Cram, Goodhue
and Ferguson — New York.

Brooklyn Bridge — East River.

Columbia University Liberty, designed by White —
New York.

Lincoln Memorial, designed by Pope — Washing-
ton, D. C.

Pennsylvania R. R. Station, designed by McKim,
Mead and White — New York.

American Telephone Company Bldg. — New \ ork.

Woolworth Building, designed by Cass Gilbert —
New York.

Pan-American Building, designed by Crete Kelsey
— Washington, D. C.

Harkness Memorial Tower, designed by Rogers —
New Haven, Conn.
American Landscape Architecture

Balboa Park, designed by Goodhue — San Diego.

University of California Campus, designed by Pope
— Berkeley.

Michigan Avenue, designed by Burnham — Chicago.

Bronx Park — New York.

Mount Vernon, designed by George Washington.

University of Virginia, designed by Jefferson.

Forest Hills, designed by Olmsted Brothers — Long
Island.

Garden of Weld, designed by Piatt — Brookline.

Nichols Garden — Salem.

Prospect Park, designed by Olmsted — Brooklyn.

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

SINCE 1905

An illustrated monthly magazine of Architecture, Engineering and
Allied Arts and Crafts.

The publishers disclaim any responsibility for statements made in
the advertisements of this magazine. Member of the Western
Business Papers Association.

Yearly subscription in advance to all parts of the United States,
S3.00 ; Canada, $4.00 ; Foreign, $4.50 ; Single Copies 50 cents.

Publication Office:

1662 RUSS BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO

Telephones Douglas 1828 - 1829

Vol. 93

APRIL, 1928

No. 1

Architect, Artist, Critic

N THE passing of Charles Peter
J Weeks, distinguished San Francisco
architect and artist, THE ARCHITECT AND
ENGINEER loses a real friend and counsellor
It was the good fortune of the Editor to
have enjoyed Mr. Weeks' close friendship
and confidence for a period of nearly twenty
years. When perplexing problems came
up for solution the advice of Mr. Weeks
always proved helpful, particularly when
the question concerned matters of moment
to the profession. As a critic Mr. Weeks'
judgment carried great weight with this
magazine and often he was asked to pass
upon material before publication.

Mr. Weeks was broadminded enough to
be generous with the beginner and he in-
variably concurred with the Editor in his
stand that all inspiring work need not
necessarily emanate from the seasoned
architect. The student and the draftsman
deserve to be encouraged for, as Mr.
Weeks would say, "These boys are the
builders of the future." And just as he en-
dorsed the publication of their work from
time to time, so, too, he offered his assist-
ance to draftsmen in their efforts to ad-
vance, both in his employ and outside. Mr.
Weeks was quick to recognize ability.
Well read and possessed of a remarkable
knowledge of the schools of architecture,

112

he proved an able critic whose judgment
seldom was questioned.

More of a writer than a speaker, some of
his comments and suggestions published
from time to time in THE ARCHITECT AND
ENGINEER, will go down in history as typi-
cal of the fine qualities of his mind. His
paper, read before the Sections of Arts,
Letters and Music of the Commonwealth
Club, and published in this magazine of
February, 1927, was a classic and has been
given wide circulation. In this paper Mr.
Weeks attributes the success of many of
our greatest architects to their creative
ability, an accomplishment which may be
obtained by persistent study, travel and
practice. Mr. Weeks possessed a creative
mind of a high order, as his works reflect.

Mr. Weeks was rather sensitive to criti-
cism though liberal enough to accept
an adverse opinion if justified. He
liked to know what others thought of his
work and if the criticism was unfavorable
he wanted to know more about the point
of view of the critic. For example, I told
him one day that I heard several adverse
comments^ on his Cathedral Apartments,
Nob Hill. "That's funny," he answered,
"I like that building better than anything
else I have done in recent years." Then he
went on to explain the problems that had
been successfully overcome, emphasizing
the fact that it is not always just the archi-
tecture of a building that makes it a suc-
cess, at least from the designer's viewpoint.

One of the last things Mr. Weeks worked
upon was the San Francisco Stock Ex-
change Competition and it was somewhat
of a disappointment to him that his design
did not carry greater consideration with
the jury. He told me confidentially he be-
lieved his design would have been placed
further up had he embellished the perspec-
tive with figures and objects thereby giving
it the same spirited feeling that character-
ized the winning design.

In the death of Charles Peter Weeks the
architectural world and the people of Cali-
fornia have lost a man not easily to be re-
placed in the field in which he labored,
but there is consolation in knowing that his
works will live on — monuments to his
genius. — F. W. J.

April, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENCINEER,

L13

Why A[ot Design in Perspective

JIT LAST the big newspapers are awak-
ilVl ening to the realization that the public-
likes good architecture. Better judgment is
shown in the selection of material, and the
real estate pages, which used to be filled
with architectural aberrations, now present
pictures of various types of buildings that
reflect credit upon the profession. The
articles and criticisms, too, are an improve-
ment over the old stereotyped "write-ups. "
Some of the newspapers are also making
fine contributions, in the way of travel
articles, illustrations and so on, toward the
education of the public in matters archi-
tectural. Just now, for instance, the New
York Times is publishing a splendid series
of etchings by Anton Schutz, showing the
artistic side of New York. These etchings
should be in the files of every designer.
They would help him think of his pro-
posed offering in a larger, better way; how
it will look from a distance, in perspective
from different points, instead of always in
elevation. And that reminds us — Why
will architects always design in elevation?
When they see their work executed or in
perspective it's always a revelation, a sur-
prise to them. Why not design in per-
spective?

Our State Par\ System

□jIexrv W. O'Melveny, one of the
.'^l best-known attorneys in Los Angeles,
and a member of the State Park Commis-
sion, summed up the reason for a system of
State parks throughout California in just
a few words the other day in an address
before the Southern State Parks Commit-
tee.

Mr. OMelveny said, in substance:
"When the de Medici family of Florence
gathered the art treasures of the world in
that city, they assured it of an income for
all time. California, with its natural art
treasures, the mountains, valleys, forests,
deserts and beaches, can make no less wise
investment in perpetuating the most beauti-

ful part of these to publil welfare for all
time to come."

Voting a bond issue of $6,000,000 at the
November election, will mean an ultimate

investment of $12,000,000 in California
lands, most of which can be obtained at the
right price, for a system of State parks, for
every dollar of the bond issue must be
matched by another dollar from some
source.

If the rise of population in California
during the past few years may be taken as
a criterion for ensuing years, we may ex-
pect double and treble the number of peo-
ple in this State. Where, then, will be
cheap and beautiful lands as at the present
time to preserve as State parks? One glance
through southern California shows that the
most adept sites are being taken for private
homes, clubs, etc. However a few remain.

General opinion among persons inter-
ested in the State park program is that
"now is the time to act."

Practically every county in California
will have some site desirable for a State
park. Not every county can be satisfied
on $12,000,000. Therefore, it remains for
the State Park Commission to select the
most logical sites in the State, the sites most
accessible to the greatest amount of popula-
tion. To this end Mr. Olmsted, nationally
famous city planner, has been selected to
make a survey of the sites. If any county
has a site it wishes included, right now is
the time to present it to the Sate Park Com-
mission so that it will not be omitted from
the survey. — J. W. G.

case.

Views and Events

RCHITECTURE" calls attention editori-
ally (March) to an interesting legal
It appears that an architect is suing
a magazine and its critic for printing un-
favorable comments on his building, in
particular for alleging that it looks like a
grain elevator.

"Architecture" thereupon goes on to
point out the anomalous fact that, although
we accept literary, dramatic and musical
criticism as established institutions, "not

1J4

ARCHITECT

AJMD ENGINEER,

April, 1928

one of the architectural magazines prints
a regular critical review of current work."
(No, nor irregular ones, either. The one
place where you are pretty sure of finding
no architectural criticism is in an archi-
tectural journal.) But, concludes the edi-
tor, free speech is free and all opinions de-
serve a hearing. "Complacency is a peril-
ous sleeping-sickness."

# -*- * *

Happily an architectural magazine sees
the light. At one point only do I part com-
pany. "Whether an opinion comes from
someone who knows," says the editor, "or
from someone who obviously does not
know, it is worth hearing."

This is manifesting a sincere and heroic
faith in democracy. Personally I am at a
loss to see how the opinions of people who
obviously do not know can be profitable. I
agree only to this extent : I do not charge
everyone who differs from me with not
knowing; nor do I admit the authority of
;iny censorship to suppress the expression
of any opinion whatsoever. Possibly the
.statement quoted is only an ill-aimed effort
to convey this idea.

* * * *

For the rest, I took occasion to go into
the same matter, partly in almost identical
words, but at much greater length, in an
article in THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER
of December last. I charged that commer-
cial self-interest was operating to exclude
unbiased criticism from architectural
journals. Regarding this, one of the edi-
tors of an eastern magazine writes me in
part as follows:

"It would seem that the faults in archi-
tectural criticism are due less to the edit-
ing than to the architects who write for the
architectural journals. It is true that the
editor should seek out the fearless critic
but it is seldom that we can find such a
critic. We are continually seeking the
article that has authority back of it and that
avoids the commonplace but we have rarely
succeeded in such a search."

It is comforting to know there are jour-
nals seeking to pursue a frank policy. It
is less comforting to realize that architects

are prone to exercise whatever pressure
they feel able to bring to bear to stifle free
comment. Architects who would resent
as intolerable effrontery any outside at-
tempt to dictate their office policies, do not
hesitate to intimate to editors just what and
only what reception must be accorded their
work. Few people seem able to realize
they hold the whip without trying to use it.
* * * *

Returning to the case which prompted
the discussion, it might be pointed out that
there are serious and intelligent foreign ob-
servers who regard our grain elevators as
among our most significant architectural
achievements.

Be that as it may, I hope no architect can
collect damages on such a pretext. Acting
myself in the capacities of both architect
and critic, and not knowing either the par-
ties or the building involved in the suit, I
can scarcely be charged with prejudice
either way. But it would seem a most dan-
gerous precedent if an expression of es-
thetic opinion, which involves no issue of
objective fact and implies no moral dero-
gation, could be held libelous.

Meanwhile, are we to interpret "Archi-
tecture's" editorial as another expression of
pious sentiment, or as the adumbration of
a policy?— I. F. M.

THE BATHROOM BEAUTIFUL

[Concluded from page 72]

The new lavatories are works of art as
well as fixtures of greater convenience. A
conspicuous example is a lavatory modeled
and fired in a unit thirty-six inches long
and twenty inches wide, the largest lava-
tory of genuine vitreous china ever fired
in one piece. The elevated back provides
a roomy shelf for toiletries. The fittings
are of original columnar design, executed
in a new nontarnishing platinum-like
chromard finish, many times as hard as
nickel. The panels are of hand-hammered
chromard in natural color, antique or green
gold. The gracefully tapered legs are of
clear crystal topped with wrought metal
in chromard finish.

WORLD'S FAIR COMMISSION

California and the Pacific Coast have been honored
by the selection of Arthur Brown, Jr., architect of
San Francisco, as one of the eight members of the
Architectural Commission which is to plan Chicago's
second world's fair — the centennial celebration of
1933. The other members of the commission are Ed-
ward H. Bennett, Hubert Burnham and John A.
Holabird, all of Chicago; Paul P. Crept of Phila-
delphia; Harvey W. Corbett, Raymond M. Hood
and Ralph T. Walker of New York. All of the mem-
bers of the commission have become distinguished for
notable achievements in architecture. Mr. Brown's
work is well known to readers of The Architect
and Engineer. It includes the new San Francisco
City Hall, the B'nai B'rith Synagogue in San Fran-
cisco and the City Hall in Pasadena.

FEDERAL BUILDINGS PLANNED

William A. Newman, architect in charge of gov-
ernment work on the Pacific Coast, recently returned
from Washington only to depart the following day
for Honolulu on a Federal mission. He is to select
a site and settle other questions with reference to a
new postoffice building and additions to the immigra-
tion station there. Mr. Newman says that money is
available for considerable construction work on the
Pacific Coast this year. More than $1,250,000 will
be spent on a new marine hospital in San Francisco
and the plans for this building are well advanced in
the Washington office of the supervising architect.
About $100,000 will also be expended this summer
on the interior of the San Francisco Mint. New post-
office buildings are assured within the next year or
two in San Francisco, Stockton, Sacramento and
other cities.

OPEN RICHMOND OFFICES

Coffman, Sahlberg & Stafford, architects, Plaza
building, Sacramento, have opened branch offices in
the American Trust building, Richmond. The firm
recently completed additions to the San Pablo gram-
mar school and the Vine Hill grammar school. The
Richmond offices will be in charge of John Stafford.

CARNEGIE INSTITUTE SUMMER SCHOOL

Courses in architecture are receiving special at-
tention in the plans for the eleventh BUmmei session
this year at the Carnegie Institute "t rechnolo
Pittsburgh, according to an announcement bj Dr. Ros-
coe M. Ihrig, director of summer courses. I ndei
the proposed plans, the Department of Architecture
of the College of Fine Arts will give intensive six
weeks' courses from June 1 1 to July 21 to meet the
needs of students who desire to continue their work
in architecture in the vacation, whether to make up
credit, obtain advanced credit, or to prepare themselves
better for entrance. Amon^ the subjects to be offered
are Architectural Design, Outdoor Sketching. De-
scriptive Geometry, Shades and Shadows, Perspect-
ive and Mathematics.

CLASS A HOSPITAL
Messrs. Curlett & Beelman of Los Angeles have
been commissioned to prepare plans for a Class A
hospital to be erected on the north side of Fountain
avenue, near Catalina street, Los Angeles, for the
Kaspare Home Hospital, at an estimated cost of
$1,250,000. The same architects are completing
drawings for a group of service buildings for the Fire-
stone Tire & Rubber Company.

SCHOOL BUILDING

Frederick S. Harrison, architect, Peoples Bank
Building, Sacramento, is completing plans for an
$18,000 one-story frame, stucco and brick veneer
school building at Elverta for the Lincoln School Dis-
trict. It will contain three classrooms, auditorium,
library, teachers' office, rest rooms, kitchen and ca-
feteria.

BRANCH BANK BUILDING

George O'Brien, architect in the Federal Tele-
graph building, Oakland, has prepared plans for a
one-story reinforced concrete branch bank building
to be built at 74th avenue and Foothill boulevard,
Oakland, for the Oakland Bank. Two more branch
banks are contemplated by the same institution.

SEVEN-STORY APARTMENTS
L. L. Jones, 445 Douglas Building, San Francisco,
has completed plans for a $400,000 seven-story apart-
ment building to be erected on Argyle Street, Los
Angeles, for Dr. A. G. Castles and associates.

115

L16

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

April, 1928

H. C. BAUMANN BUSY
New work In the office of H. C. Baumann, 251
Kearny Street, San Francisco, aggregating more than
$2,000,000, includes a six-story steel frame and con-
cute store and apartment building at Ninth Avenue
and Judah Street, San Francisco, for Cox Bros., $150,-
000; a fifteen-story community apartment building
at Bellevue and Staten avenues, Oakland, $750,000;
a six-story Class C hotel, Jones Street, south of Eddy,
San Francisco, $150,000; a three-story Class C brick
apartment building, MacDonald Avenue and Fourth
Street, Richmond, $60,000 ; a ten-story steel frame
and concrete apartment building, Stockton Street,
between Pine and California streets, San Francisco,
for Marcus Marcussen, $300,000 ; fourteen-story
Class A hotel building, Jones Street and Maggie
Alley, San Francisco, for Marion Realty Company,
$350,000; six-story steel frame and concrete apart-
ment building, 20th Avenue and Irving Street, San
Francisco, for Olaf Monson, $150,000; two-story
frame hotel, Greenville, Plumas County, for Harry
West, $50,000; two-story Spanish type residence, La-
guna Street, south of Sacramento, San Francisco, for
H. C. Keenan, $20,000; five-story reinforced concrete
factory, 46th Street and Shattuck Avenue, Oakland,
for U. C. Storage and Express Co., $60,000.

BERKELEY APARTMENT BUILDING

Plans are being made by William H. Weeks of
San Francisco for a four-story and basement steel and
brick apartment building on Dwight Way near Col-
lege Avenue, Berkeley. Other new work in Mr.
Weeks' office includes new buildings to cost $500,000
for the Piedmont Board of Education ; a six-story
hotel for the Santa Cruz Hotel Corporation, costing
$300,000, and a four-story Class C brick hotel on
First Avenue near Lake Merritt, Oakland, to cost
$130,000.

PORTLAND SANITARIUM
A nurses' home and a sanitarium addition to the
Mt. Tabor sanitarium at East 60th and Belmont at
a cost of $110,000, is being designed by Claussen &
Claussen, architects, of Portland, Oregon.

SIX-STORY APARTMENT BUILDING
Cramer & Wise, architects, have completed pians
for a six-story Class A apartment building to be built
on Ninth Street, near Beacon, Los Angeles, for P. M.
Ruthfield, at an estimated cost of $300,000.

DESIGNING FORTY BUILDINGS

Plans have been prepared for a group of forty
buildings to be built in the block bounded by Figueroa
and Lucas streets, Los Angeles, for the Developers,
Incorporated, at an estimated outlay of $6,000,000.
The architects are John C. Austin & Associates,
Chamber of Commerce Building, Los Angeles, and
C. E. Noerenberg, Los Angeles Railway Building,
Los Angeles.

SIX-STORY APARTMENT BUILDING

Albert H. Larsen, architect, 447 Sutter street, San
Francisco, has completed plans for a six-story steel
frame and concrete apartment building to be erected
at Bay and Polk streets, San Francisco, for Ragnor
Monson. The McClintic-Marshall Company has been
awarded the structural steel contract. The estimated
cost of the building is $165,000.

DESIGNING NEW RESIDENCE

Clarence A. Tantau of San Francisco is preparing
plans for a large country house for S. Waldo Cole-
man, at Hillsborough, San Mateo County, and a
$30,000 Spanish type residence in Seacliff, San Fran-
cisco, for Alan MacDonald of MacDonald & Kahn,
San Francisco contractors.

YOSEMITE VALLEY COTTAGES
Plans have been completed by B. G. McDougall
cer, architect in the Shreve Building, San Francisco,
for a group of rustic cottages to be built in the vicinity
of the new hotel at Yosemite Valley, for the Yosemite-
Curry Company. Upwards of $100,000 will be ex-
pended on the improvements.

SAN FRANCISCO RESIDENCE

Plans have been prepared by C. A. Meussdorffer,

architect, San Francisco, for an $18,000 residence to

be built on the north side of Clay street, between

Maple and Spruce streets, San Francisco, for H. G.

Friend.

STOCKTON BUILDING
Mayo, Bissell & Company of Stockton have com-
pleted plans for a two-story reinforced concrete store
and office building and public garage, to be erected
on North Sutter Street, Stockton, for a syndicate of

business men.

CHURCH ALTERATIONS
Interior alterations to the Calvary Presbyterian
Church, San Francisco, are to be made from plans
by Frederick H. Meyer, architect, of San Francisco.

April, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

117

P E R SON A L S

Waltkr C. King, architect, a n n o u n c e s the
opening of an office for the practice of the profession
in the Ritz Theater building, 5212 Wilshire boule-
vard, Los Angeles. Catalogs, building material sam-
ples, etc., are desired.

Richard S. Requa, architect, of San Diego,
sailed from New York April 7th on a trip to Spain,
Italy and the northern coast of Africa. Mr. Requa
will gather photographs and material for the pub-
lication of another architectural book.

Ray^ Billerbeck, architect, has opened an of-
fice for the practice of his profession in his home at
247 Twentieth street, Santa Monica.

Austin B. Fletcher, former California state
highway engineer, died in Chevy Chase, Md., March
7th, of pneumonia. Mr. Fletcher was the first highway
engineer under the State Highway Commission, ap-
pointed by Governor Johnson in 1911.

Herbert H. Green, A. I. A., and Henry W.
Hall, A. I. A., announce the establishment of a
partnership for the practice of architecture, under the
firm name of H. H. Green & Henry W. Hall, archi-
tects, Luhrs Building, Phoenix, Ariz.

J. Robert Harris, structural engineer and
designer, has moved his office from 1756 North West-
ern avenue to Room 305 Baine Studio building, Hol-
lywood. Mr. Harris was located at the former ad-
dress for four years and is now moving into larger
■quarters.

T. B. Hunter and R. A. Hudson, consulting
engineers, announce the removal of their offices from
the Rialto building to 41 Sutter street, Room 718,
San Francisco.

John McCool, architect, formerly located in
the Hearst building, has moved to 381 Bush street,

San Francisco.

OAKLAND DWELLINGS

Miller & Warnecke, 1404 Franklin street, Oak-
land, have completed plans for a $12,000 dwelling to
be built in Oakmore Highlands, Oakland, for G.
Otto Klinger. They have also prepared plans for
an English type residence in St. James Wood, Oak-
land, to cost $14,000.

WOODSIDE COUNTRY HOUSE
Revised plans have been completed by Miller &
Pflueger of San Francisco for a $30,000 country
house at Woodside, San Mateo County, for E. R.
Dimond.

HOTEL FOR NEV \\>\
Plans have been completed b) F. J. de Long-
champs, architect of San Francisco and Reno, Nevada,
for a two-storj frame and stucco hotel ;it Gradner-
ville, Douglas County, Nevada, to cosl $60,000. Mr.

de Longchamps lias prepared working draw iii
a reinforced concrete church for the Trinits Episco-
pal Parish of Reno, Ne\ada.

OAKLAND STORE Bl ELDING
E. W. Cannon of Oakland has completed plans
and bids have been taken for a one-story steel and
concrete store building to be erected at Ninth Street
and Broadway, Oakland, for Selah Chamberlain.
There will be six stores. Building has been designed
in the Spanish type of architecture and its cost is esti-
mated at $45,000.

DOUGLAS STONE BUSY

The office of Douglas Stone, architect, at 354 Ho-
bart Street, Oakland, is rushed with new work in-
cluding a $500,000 apartment hotel in San Francisco,
two apartment buildings in Oakland and consider-
able residence work.

FRESNO ARCHITECTS BUSY
The firm of Kump & Johnson, Rowell Building,
Fresno, have work on the boards aggregating $500,-
000. This includes a $100,000 hotel for the Hotel
Jefrery, Salinas, and a number of schools and hotels
at various points throughout the Fresno Valley.

$125,000 SCHOOL BUILDING
A junior high school building, estimated to cost
$125,000, has been approved by the school board, Van-
couver, Washington, and Messrs. Higgins & Bieder-
man, of Portland, have been commissioned to pre-
pare plans.

$300,000 SPOKANE GARAGE

A ramp garage, five stories and basement, is to be
erected at Stevens, Sprague and First streets, Spokane,
Washington. The building will contain eleven lev-
els. Whitehouse & Price are the architects.

NORTH SACRAMENTO SCHOOL

Plans are being prepared by John W. Woollett and
A. R. Widdowson, associated, Plaza Building, Sacra-
mento, for a $50,000 unit to the North Sacramento
School.

WASHINGTON STATE CHAPTER

The March meeting of the Washington State Chap-
ter, A. I. A., was held at the College Club, Seattle,
Thursday, March 1. After the usual dinner at six-
thirty, the president called the meeting to order and
introduced Fritz Kunz, who gave an illustrated
lecture on India, its people and its architecture, the
result of study he had given the subject while a resi-
dent of the country.

The speaker began with a description of the physical
geography of India. He then introduced its people
and finally gave an exposition of its architecture. Most
of the buildings illustrated were of a religious charac-
ter, their form being influenced by the religion of the
builders.

The regular order of business was then taken up and
a letter from the Oregon Chapter was read, thanking
the Washington Chapter for its expression of sympa-
thy on the loss of Oregon's valued member, Mr.
Doyle.

Information having come to the Chapter that
Harland Bartholomew, City Plan Engineer, would be
passing through Seattle on his way to Vancouver, B.
C, March 10th, it was decided to arrange a luncheon
meeting on this date with Mr. Bartholomew as the
principal guest and use this as a means of awakening
interest and co-operation in the Chapter's efforts to
promote city planning in Seattle.

Mr. Myers, reporting for the Civic Design Com-
mittee, stated that one of the plans obtained for the
water tower at Woodland Park had been adopted by
the City. The design for a memorial fountain under-
taken by Messrs. Clippenger and Bergseth was under
way, but due to pressure of other business, had not
been completed.

Mr. Loveless, in his report for the Advertising
Committee, stated that the project was well under
\va\ and that the committee had received a number
of inquiries about the small houses shown in the Sun-
da) issue of the Seattle Post-Intelligencer. To offset
some criticism which Mr. Loveless had received on
the policy the Chapter had adopted with this advertis-
ing, the committee was given a vote of confidence.

Mr. Yokel, Chairman of the Committee on Public

Information, showed a scrap book of newspaper clip-
pings containing news items in which the Chapter or
its individual members had been given publicity since
the advertising campaign had been started.

A discussion of the value of various kinds of plaster
in sound proofing partitions was then taken up and
after listening to the various experiences, one was
forced to the conclusion that "they do and they don't,"
for similar mixes seemed to produce very dissimilar
results.

This concluded the business session and the meeting
was formally adjourned, the members present gather-
ing around the table to inspect the drawings for the
new Physics Building for the University of Wash-
ington, from the office of John Graham.

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CHAPTER, A. I. A.

The two hundred and thirty-second meeting of the
Southern California Chapter, A. I. A., was held at
the California Art Club on March twentieth. An
exhibition of architecture, allied arts and crafts at the
club and the attendance of members of the Architects'
League of Hollywood added greatly to the interest of
the meeting.

David J. Witmer. former Chapter president, was
honored by the presentation of a gold watch from
the Chapter and by a speech by Myron Hunt in which
was expressed the appreciation of the members for the
strenuous work and splendid personal attributes of
Mr. Witmer.

A report was made by Walter S. Davis on a pro-
gram prepared under the auspices of the Chapter for
a Fontainebleau Scholarship and the announcement of
the competition for this scholarship was presented to
the Chapter. The program states that the closing date
is May 14th, and that information may be secured
from C. R. Johnson, School of Architecture, L niver-
sity of Southern California.

The attention of the Chapter was called to the cam-
paign by the University of California for funds for
its various schools and departments. Sumner P. Hunt
addressed the meeting, urging the support of the archi-
tects so that the School of Architecture might share in
the efforts and benefits of the drive. The history, oh-

lis

April, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

1 19

jects ami standard of work of the school wcic outlined
In A. C. Weatherhead and the Chapter adopted a
resolution pledging its aid to the School of Archi-
tecture.

President Pierpont Davis spoke on the Exhibition of
Architecture, Allied Arts and Crafts under the aus-
pices of the Architects' League of Hollywood and told
of the splendid co-operation of the League with the
Chapter. President Roth of the League and R. C.
Flewelling responded on behalf of the League.

OREGON ARCHITECTS ACTIVE

Joseph Jacobberger is chairman of the special com-
mittee appointed by the Oregon Chapter, A. I. A., to
represent that organization in negotiations involving
the five-day week problem, and the proposed licensing
of contractors at Portland. With Mr. Jacobberger
are serving John V. Bennes and C. D. James.

Other committees appointed by Jamieson Parker,
Chapter president, are:

Publicity— W. G. Purcell, Harry Herzog, A.
Glenn Stanton.

Membership — O. R. Bean, John V. Bennes, Morris
Whitehouse.

Professional Practices and Competitions — Joseph
Jacobberger, O. R. Bean, C. D. James, W. G. Hol-
ford, J. G. Wilson.

Public Buildings— W. G. Holford, Morris White-
house, Fred A. Fritsch.

Legislative — John V. Bennes, J. G. Beach, Harry
Herzog.

Exhibition — A. Glenn Stanton, Fred A. Fritsch,
Herman Brookman.

Building Laws— C. H. Wallwork, Fred S. Ailyn,
F. T. Webber.

Educational — Folger Johnson, E. F. Lawrence,
Walter E. Church.

SAN FRANCISCO CHAPTER
The regular meeting of the Northern California
Chapter, A. I. A., was held at the Hotel Mark Hop-
kins on Tuesday, March 27th. The meeting was
called to order at 6:30 P. M.

The following members were present:

Harris C. Allen Lester Hurd

G. F. Ashley Creston H. Jensen

Wm. Clement Ambrose R. W. Jeans

John Bakewell, Jr. Geo. R. Klinkhardt

Edward G. Bolles Leffler B. Miller

Morris M. Bruce Chas. F. Masten

Wm. K. Bartges Chas. F. Maury

John H. Christie A. McF. McSweeney

Ernest Coxhead Jas. H. Mitchell

Jas. S. Dean William Mooser

John J. Donovan Jas. T. Narbett

.Minn |. l.\ en I I

\V. B, I .i i low si<ln<-\ li. Newiom

\\ in. I ( .;n ren I lai rii < kboi a

W. C. F. Gillam Jai. W. Reid

l ll Eiildebrand Albert Schroepfei

Wm. ('. Hay« Ralph Wyckofl

Lewis p. Hobarl Clarence K. Ward
John ( i.ilen I [oward

Messrs. Andrew P. Hill and Mark T. Jorgensen
wcic present bj invitation.

The secretary read a letter from the Royal Institute
of British Architects, uniting the members of our
Chapter to the conference at Bath on June 20th to
23rd, inclusive, of this year,

John Galen Howard submitted the following reso-
lution on the sad death of Charles Peter Weeks, which
occurred on March 24th :

In the death of Charles Peter Weeks this community has
suffered a heavy loss. Having come to San Francisco as a
young man not long before the disaster of 1906, Mr. Weeks
was in a position to lend an effective hand to the rehabilita-
tion of the devastated city. His distinguished ability, train-
ing, and experience enabled him, later, to extend his acti-
vities as an architect throughout California, where the good
influence of his work will be permanently felt. His fine
public buildings at Sacramento, and the group of his great
hotels in San Francisco are, among others, monuments which
give lustre to his fame. His long and devoted service as an
active member of this Chapter, and his personal qualities, of
steadfastness, sincerity, and warmth of heart, have endeared
his memory to the architectural profession and to a large
circle of friends.

It is with deep sorrow that the Northern California
Chapter of The American Institute of Architects records its
loss and extends its sympathy to the widow and family.

The resolution was unanimously adopted and the
secretary was instructed to spread the resolution on
the minutes and to send a copy to Mr. Weeks' family.

Wm. C. Hayes submitted the following resolution:

Whereas, The Northern California Chapter, The Ameri-
can Institute of Architects, learns that the construction now
in progress at Grace Cathedral promises to be the fore-
runner of still greater activity, and

Whereas, This Chapter recognizes as inherent in certain
types of building enterprises (such, notably, as Civic Cen-
ters, Expositions, Cathedrals) that special significance which
properly justifies their being fostered by our body, there-
fore be it

Resolved, That this Chapter believes that this Cathe-
dral project offers to bring to our Community a noble ex-
ample of Ecclesiastical Gothic Architecture such as will
enrich us in inspirational and cultural values:

That the site is one offering a rare opportunity, and fur-
ther, that the studies already shown foreshadow a fabric of
distinguished architectural character, destined to become
another of those major accomplishments in which the people
may well take pride.

The resolution was unanimously adopted and the
secretary was instructed to send a copy to the Bishop
of the Diocese.

The following delegates were elected to the 61st
Annual Convention at St. Louis on May 16th, 17th
and 18th next: Messrs. John Galen Howard, Warren
C. Perry, James T. Narbett, Henry H. Gutterson,

IL'O

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

April, 1928

Jas. S. Dean, F. J. DeLongchamp and Harris Allen.
Will G. Corlett was elected first alternate delegate
and the entire Institute membership of the Chapter
as other alternates.

The president announced that the State of New
York is considering a law that places the state archi-
tect under the jurisdiction of the state engineer. In
accordance with a national movement of the Institute
a resolution was passed instructing the secretary to
write a letter of protest to the proper officials in New
York State.

The president announced the election of W. G. F.
Gillam to Chapter associatship and the appointment
of Lester Hurd on the membership committee.

Wm. I. Garren reported for the Committee on
Quantity Survey. The committee found that it was
not opportune to endorse the quantity survey at this
time. The report was unanimously accepted.

E. L. Norberg reported the completion of three
standard symbol sheets and stated that further work
is in progress by the committee on drafting room and
office standards. The intention of presenting these
symbols for national adoption was announced.

Mark T. Jorgensen reported for the committee on
organization of State Association of California Archi-
tects, and read the proposed preamble of the constitu-
tion.

The president called on Lewis P. Hobart who gave
a most interesting history of the design of Grace
Cathedral and a description of its principal features
and details.

James Mitchell gave an informal talk on residence
planning.

Andrew P. Hill, head of the Division of School
Planning of the State Department of Education at
Sacramento, spoke to the Chapter on his work in his
recently created position in the department, and on
school planning in general.

SOCIETY OF ARCHITECTS, ALAMEDA

The Society of Architects of Alameda County is
combining its energies and efforts with the Oakland
Real Estate Board and Builders Exchange of Oakland
in sponsoring and backing the large campaign which
has lately been launched in Oakland under the name
or slogan of "Build Better." At several luncheons
that have been held during the past month there have
not only been representatives from the architects, build-
ers and realtors, but also clergymen, merchants, bank-
ers, lawyers, newspapermen and members of women's
clubs. It is planned each week to have a section of

a local newspaper devoted to this Build Better Move-
ment and copies will be sent throughout the United
States to all the chambers of commerce, architectural
societies, real estate boards, etc.

The Society of Architects is continuing to exhibit
sketches and plans of some of its members' work at
the Buiders Exhibit Palace, 363 Hobart Street. On
Monday, April 15th, the members lunched at the Elks
club and enjoyed an interesting and instructive ad-
dress by Arthur Holmes, building inspector of Oak-
land. .

LOS ANGELES ARCHITECTURAL CLUB

The March 20th meeting of the Los Angeles Ar-
chitectural Club was featured with entertaining talks
by Professor Walter S. Herzog, director, American
Historical Research, Los Angeles city schools, and
Merrill Butler, engineer in charge of bridge design,
Los Angeles city engineering department. Professor
Herzog's subject was the "Collection of Rare Books
and Manuscripts," in which he described some of his
experiences as a collector and buyer in New York
City for 12 years.

Mr. Butler gave a description of the method and
procedure used in the planning of bridges, using vari-
ous bridges that have been erected by the city of Los
Angeles as illustrations. Plans for several of these
bridges were on display, as were also the drawings
for the new $10,000,000 Arlington bridge, which is
being constructed at Washington, D. O, McKim,
Mead and White, architects.

The club members enjoyed two informal gather-
ings during the month. March 24th they participated
in a tour of inspection of the new Los Angeles city
hall, and March 27th the members were entertained
at dinner by Harold Shugart and the Celotex Com-
pany in the Barker Bros, building.

The Club quartette has proved as advertised, a
"loud success." The members, Shugart, Hales, Johns
and Kelch, are individually experienced singers.

The President has appointed Norman Kelch and
Edward Mussa on the Entertainment Committee;;
and on the Membership Committee, Jack Hargraves
and Herbert Anset. Having but two on a commit-
tee is an experiment in the belief that more members
may be added if necessary.

Plans are under way for the establishment of per-
manent club offices, and an employment agency to
be handled directly through the club. An executive
secretary will be in charge of the offices.

Announcement was made of the competition for the
Fontainebleau Scholarship.

CJA

no,

April, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND LNGINLLk

121

PASADENA ARCHITECTS RAL CLUB

The Pasadena Architectural Club of Pasadena,
California, is nearing the end of its first season.
Initiated in May, 1927. by a small group of archi-
tects and draftsmen, the club has had a stead] growth.
During the first few months it functioned as a lunch-
eon club, meeting weekly, and more or less as an ex-
periment, but the sustained interest of the members
required a more ambitious program.

Last January a permanent organization was formed
with the following officers: President, Wm. J. Stone;
vice president, Orrin F. Stone; secretary, Roy B.
Parkes; treasurer, Wm. S. Buyers. These, with John
R. Jam's, Richard E. Ware and J. C. Chambers,
form the executive committee.

The luncheon meetings have been continued with
an average attendance of twenty to twenty-five men.
Short talks of an informal nature are features of
these meetings and routine business has been reduced
to a minimum. A regular activity of the club consists
of visits, as a body, to new buildings of particular
interest and to establishments of workers in the vari-
ous building trades.

The club hopes to sponsor an architectural exhibit
in the near future. A complete educational program
is in preparation and will be launched at the proper
time.

HOLLYWOOD ARCHITECTS' EXHIBIT

The annual exhibit of the Architects' League of
Hollywood at the California Art Club in Barnsdale
Park, Vermont avenue and Hollywood boulevard,
was the most successful affair of the kind yet given
under the club's patronage. The exhibition contin-
ued for two weeks and was viewed by several thou-
sand people. The exhibit opened March 13th with
a preview dinner, John J. Roth, president of the
league, presiding. The principal speaker was Dr.
Hartley Burr Alexander, professor of philosophy at
Scripps college, Claremont, his subject being "The
Value of Architecture as Expressive of a Culture."
Other speakers were : E. Roscoe Shrader, president
California Art Club; George P. Hales, president Los
Angeles Architectural Club, and Horatio Cogswell,
University of Southern California.

David J. Witmer, past president of Southern Cali-
fornia Chapter, American Institute of Architects,
presented the report of the jury of awards as follows:

Best black and white rendering, Lyle Reynolds
Wheeler ; pencil sketches of the hall of philosophy,
the Seeley Mudd memorial at University of Southern
California, Ralph C. Flewelling, architect.

Best rendering in color, Roland Crawford; water

color sketches of Pomona college group, Webber,

Staunton c\ Spaulding, architi

Best architectural photograph, Viroque Baker; pic-
ture of residence b\ B. B. Horner, architect.

Besl general exhibit. Myron Hunt and II. ( .

Chambers; photographs of executed work made b\
William Clarke.

Special award to II. W. Grieve; photo- of inter-
iors bj Margarethe Mather.

The exhibit was held in co-operation with Southern
California Chapter, A. I. A.; Los Angeles Architect-
ural Club; California Art Club and the School of
Architecture of the University of Southern California.

The following architects and artists made exhibits:

Murals — Julian Garnsey, Norman Kennedy, Thel-
ma Hope, Harold Miles.

Architects — Bennett «Sc Haskell. Myron Hunt and
H. C. Chambers, Roth & Parker, V. B. McClurg,
H. Roy Kelley, Palmer Sabin, Carleton M. Winslow.
Donald D. McMurray, Cramer \- Wise, Witmer &
Watson. Benjamin J. Bloser, Ralph C. Flewelling.
S. Charles Lee, Carl Jules Weyl, Edgar V. Ulrich,
Roy S. Price, Edwin D. Martin. H. L. Gogerty,
Wallace Neff. Paul Williams, Webber & Spaulding.
Marston & Maybury, Reginald D. Johnson. Horatio
W. Bishop.

Sketches, designs and renderings — David M. Ma-
son, B. B. Horner, L. G. Scherer, Milton J. Black,
Harrison Clark, Leslie H. Lippiatt. Walter D. Hes-
sert.

EMERSON KNIGHT BUSY

Emerson Knight, landscape architect of San Fran-
cisco, has recently been commissioned to prepare plans
for beautifying the grounds around the new country
home of Max M. Cohn in Los Gatos. The house is
now under construction from plans by Earl Bertz,
architect. Other recent commissions which Mr.
Knight has received include landscape work at the
new home of W. P. Archibald in the White Oaks
Tract, Redwood City. There will be a Japanese
treatment here, including pool, garden and arbor. Mr.
Knight will also beautify the garden and select the
design for a fountain and bronze figure at the San
Rafael home of S. Klopstock.

MODESTO ARCHITECT PASSES

Julian Mourot, 72, pioneer architect of Modesto,
died in that city February 1. He had been a resident
of Modesto for the past forty-rive years.

122

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

April, 1928

CHARLES PETER WEEKS, A. I. A.

Charles Peter Weeks, one of the best-known archi-
tects on the Pacific Coast, passed away suddenly
March 25th at his home in the Brocklebank apart-
ments, San Francisco. Mr. Weeks had not enjoyed
good health for several years but last summer he re-
turned from a prolonged stay in El Paso, Texas,
much improved, and it was thought he had passed the
crisis. Mr. Weeks was 57 years of age and a native
of Ohio. He studied architecture at the Ecole des
Beaux Arts in Paris. After his graduation he became
associated with John Galen Howard in New York.
He came to California and San Francisco with How-
ard in 1907, and a few years later formed the firm
of Sutton Sc W>eks. When the late Mr. Sutton
moved to Portland, Oregon, Mr. Weeks formed a
partnership with W. P. Day, structural engineer,
and the present firm of Weeks & Day was instituted.

Many of the new structures on Nob Hill which
have added so much to the beauty of San Francisco's
skyline, were designed by Mr. Weeks, including the
Hotel Mark Hopkins, the Huntington, the Brockle-
bank and the Cathedral apartments.

Weeks & Day were the architects for the present
Chronicle building at Fifth and Mission streets, San
Francisco, a structure that has been much praised for
its technical excellence and suitability to its purpose,
as well as for the beauty of its design.

Some of the out-of-town structures which Mr.
Weeks helped design are the new State buildings at Sac-
ramento, the Sainte Claire Hotel in San Jose, which
was pictured in the February Architect and Engi-
neer, and the Loew's State Theater and office build-
ing, Los Angeles. Some of the buildings now under
construction upon which he worked just prior to his
death include the Huckins hotel at Sutter and Powell
streets, San Francisco, and the Duffwin Theater and
the West Coast Theater in Oakland.

Mr. Weeks was a Mason and a Shriner, and was
architect for the Shrine Hospital for Crippled Chil-
dren, San Francisco. He was a member of the Amer-
ican Institute of Architects, the Commonwealth Club
and the San Francisco Golf and Country Club.
Sketches drawn by Mr. Weeks won first prize in one
of the preliminary competitions for suggested designs
for the new House of Parliament buildings for Aus-
tralia in 1924.

Mr. Weeks was married January 30, 1923, to Mrs.
Beatrice W. Mills of New York, who survives him.

A TRIBUTE TO GEORGE A. TAYLOR

Letters from Australia bring the sad news of the
sudden death of George A. Taylor, publisher and
editor of Australia's only architectural journal.

Mr. Taylor was one of Australia's foremost men,
a thinker and a doer, an idealist and yet intensely-
practical, the most "all around" man I've ever known.
He did so many things and so well, a veritable Leo-
nardo da Vinci. For he was a publisher and editor,
an artist-painter, a poet, a publicist, a composer of
music, an aeronaut, a pioneer in radio; the list of his
accomplishments is staggering. One can hardly credit
it all to one individual. Not a mere dilettant but a
master in each.

For instance as a publisher it was not a single
journal he had, a plaything, an amateur affair, but a
string of important, worth-while and profitable pub-
lications: Building Magazine, Construction, Local
Government Journal, Australian Engineer, the Sol-
dier, the Commonwealth Home, Young Australia and
the Radio Journal.

In radio he was an authority, one of the early
masters and a co-worker with Marconi. Inventions
of his, too, were numerous and important. A really
wonderful man.

I corresponded with him for twenty years;
we became warm friends. Fourteen years ago he
started with Mrs. Taylor on a world tour and they
spent many days with me in Washington, D. C, de-
lightful guests, interesting, joyous, considerate and
ready for anything. Red-letter days they were. War
was declared and they had to hurry back to Sydney
where Mr. Taylor took a very active and leading
part in military and civic affairs during those perilous
times.

With his architectural and engineering journals
and by personal contact, he did very much for the
advancement of architecture in Australia. A severe
critic, yet kindly advisor, he was a stimulant and
yet a balance-wheel to the profession there and will
be sadly missed especially by the younger men, to
whom he was a veritable (and model) foster-father,
guide, philosopher and friend.

This slight "appreciation" of a really very great,
good and most kindly man is written for The Archi-
tect and Engineer because I remember that so often
he expressed himself as a great admirer of that journal,
looking upon it as his best stimulant from this country.
Mrs. Taylor, who is a practicing architect and who
for years was his advisor, aid and co-worker, will
publish and edit the many journals they have found-
ed in Australia. F. W. Fitzpatrick.

oJ/Ce monTh^magazinls

(jydifed hylrvtTLGr Qj A(orrow~ Q/Yrc/icYec{

This Department is edited primarily, not as a review and criticism of other magazines, but to inform readers "i The
Architect and Engineer of the contents of those which they may not regularly see. The tables of contents as given arc
therefore not necessarily complete. Matter deemed negligible has been omitted. Items preceded by an asterisk (*) are to
some degree conspicuous for interest or merit. Matter preceded by the sign (t) has appeared in The Architect and Engl
neer. The editors' comments are in small type, indented.

THE AMERICAN ARCHITECT
February 20, 1928
TEXT
Breton Silhouettes. By Samuel Chamberlain (with illus-
trations by the author).

"The Fora of Democracy." By Wm. Roger Greeley.

Old and new meeting houses and town halls in New
England.

PL A TES

Savoy Plaza Hotel, New York. McKim, Mead & White,
Architects (6 plates, photographs, plans, details and two
articles).

Shakespeare Memorial Theater, Stratford-on-Avon, Eng-
land (4 competition projets, including winner).

Building at 10 East Fortieth Street, New York. Ludlow &
Peabody, Architects.

House at Bedford Hills, N. Y. Lynch Luquer, Architect
(5 photographs and plans).

Chimney Stacks. Four plates in supplement.

THE AMERICAN ARCHITECT

March 5, 1928

TEXT

The Relations of Architecture and Landscape Archi-
tecture. By Gilmore D. Clarke.

Awards for 1927, New York Chapter, American Insti-
tute of Architects.

PLA TES

War Memorial, Winnetka, 111., Samuel S. Otis, Architect
(3 photographs and article).

Landscape Architecture from Fifth Annual Exhibition,
New York Chapter, American Society of Landscape Archi-
tects (5 plates).

House, Mr. Benjamin I. Ward, Englewood, N. Y. Lewis
Bowman, Architect (3 plates, photographs, plans and
article.

Exposition of Modern French Decorative Art at Lord &
Taylor's New York (photographs and article).

tUnion Oil Company of California Service Station Com-
petition (3 prize designs).

War Memorial at Nice, France.

Greenhouse Design (photographs, details and article).

tHouse, Mr. H. O. Wheeler, Los Angeles, California.
Witmer & Watson, Architects (5 photographs and plans).

Modern Interior Iron Grilles — 4 plates in supplement.

THE ARCHITECT

March, 1928

TEXT

The Architectural League of New York. By George S.
Chappell.

Architects vs. Payment. By /.. T. Parker.

Robert Mills, American Greek Revivalist. By Rexford
A' ewcomb.

PLA TES

♦Crematorium, Santa Barbara, Calif. George Washing-
ton Smith, Architect (3 plates and plan).

House, Mr. Charles F. Arrott, Pittsburgh, Pa. Ingham &
Boyd, Architects (2 plates and plans).

Hotel Residence for Women, New York. Murgatroyd £f
Ogden, Architects (5 plates).

House, Mr. Ralph J. Baker, Harrisburgh, Pa. M ell or,
Meigs & Howe, Architects (5 plates and plan).

Church of the Precious Blood, Los Angeles, Calif. Henry
Carlton Newton and Robert Dennis Murray, Architects (6
plates).

House, Mr. R. H. Gillespie, Stamford, Conn. Butler &
Provoost, Architects (2 plates).

*House, Mr. William H. Wheelock, Mount Kisco, N. Y.
Benjamin Wistar Morris, Architect (2 plates and plan).

Stable and Residence, Estate of Mr. John R. Macombe,
Framingham, Mass. Parker, Thomas & Rice, Architects (2
plates).

THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM

March, 1928
School Buildings Reference Number.
♦Fundamentals in Planning School Buildings. By Wil-
liam B. Jttner.

Mr. Ittner says that every school building is an individual
problem ; that if an architect knows his business the valid
results of standardization are incorporated as a matter of
course, and that all the rules of the specialist may be
respected and the building be none-the-less a failure. This
alone is worth the price of admission.
*The New School Building, The Architect, and the Board
of Education. By James O. Betelle.

Some Notes on Junior High Schools. By R. Clipston
Sturgis.

School Growth in Southern California. By John C.
Austin.

The One-Story Schoolhouse. By Matlack Price.
The Private School. By Charles G. Lor in g.

123

124

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

April, 1928

The Construction of School Buildings. By C. B. J. Snyder.

Checking Schedule for New School Buildings. By James
0. Betelle.

Special Rooms in High Schools. By Dwight H. Perkins.

Standard Arrangements of School Cafeterias. By A. E.
Merrill.

Recreational and Athletic Facilities in Schools. By Joseph
C. Llewellyn.

Details of School Buildings. By Walter H. Kilham.

Schoolhouse Maintenance and Materials. By George F.
W omrath.

Heating and Ventilating the School. By Alfred Kellogg.

The Artificial Lighting of Schools. By D. J. Frandsen.

Sanitation for School Buildings. By A. R. McGonegal.

School Financing and the Architect. By C. Stanley Taylor.

Costs and Construction. By Irwin T. Catherine.

Specifications for the School Building. By Charles E.
Krahmer.

PLA TES

Thirty-two plates, numerous photographs and plans of
schools in all parts of the United States.

THE NEW REPUBLIC
March 21, 1928
•Modernist Furniture. By Lewis Mum ford.

THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD

March, 1928

Apartment House Number.

TEXT

Some Recent Apartment Buildings. By Frank Chouteau

Brown.

The New York Dwellings Law and Its Application. By
Leonard Cox.

Columbus, Kentucky. A Town Relocated and Newly-
Planned. By Lawrence Sheridan.

Influence of Realtors Upon Apartment Developments. By
Frank Chouteau Brown.

PLATES
Numerous plates, photographs, and plans of apartment
buildings throughout the United States.

*Mural Decoration. By Natacha Carlu (in color).
♦Decoration for a Perfumery Shop. By Jacques Carlu
(in color).

ARCHITECTURE
March, 1928
TEXT
Houses of Blocks. By D. Allen Wright.
A Filing Index for Architectural Illustrations. By Paul
V. L. Stewart.

The Filing of Contractors' Blue Prints.

PLA TES
"Dogwood House" for Harold Irvin, Wallingford, Pa.
Davis, Dunlap & Barney, Architects (5 photographs, draw-
ings and plans).

Radburn, N. J., a Town of Modern Plan. Clarence S.
Stein & Henry Wright, Architects ; Robert D. Kohn, Con-
sultant.

Landscape Gardening (11 photographs).
Y. W. C. A. Building, Honolulu, T. H. Julia Morgan,
Architect (6 photographs and plan).

The Architectural League Exhibition (3+ photographs).
Door Hoods (54 photographs).

PACIFIC COAST ARCHITECT

March, 1928

TEXT

Introducing the Millinery Engineer. By Mark C. Co/in.
We Reenter the Kitchen.

PLA TES
t*The Biltmore, Santa Barbara, California. Reginald D.
Johnson, Architect (31 photographs, plans and article).

House, Mrs. Anne L. Mead, Berkeley, California. Gwynn
Officer, Architect (6 photographs, plans and article).

t*San Francisco Stock Exchange. Miller & Pfluger,
Architects.

Pasadena Athletic and Country Club, Pasadena, Cali-
fornia. Marston, Fan Pelt & Maybury, Architects (11

photographs).

PENCIL POINTS
March, 1928
Draftsmanship and Architecture as examplified by the
work of J. Monroe Hewlett. By Francis S. Swales.
Sketching in the City. By Edward P. Chrystre.
The Mitre Plane in Shadow Casting. By Lawrence Hill.
Numerous illustrations in various media, including two in

color.

THE WESTERN ARCHITECT
February, 1928
TEXT
Design. By F. W. Fitzpatrick.

Color in Architecture. XIV — Greek Polychromy, II. By
Rexford A'cwcomb.

NEW SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

Development of adequate facilities for training in
architecture and the allied arts at the University of
Southern California is assured by the erection of a
building capable of providing for 400 full-time profes-
sional students, and the endowment of chairs in archi-
tecture. Announcement of plans for the housing of the
School of Architecture and the creation of an endow-
ment fund was made by Arthur Clason Weatherhead,
dean of the school, at a recent dinner at Los Angeles
to which were bidden 15 leaders in the architectural
profession in Southern California.

PASSING OF J. J. ESTABROOK

Architects and the building industry will be grieved
to learn of the sudden death of J. J. Estabrook, man-
ager of the Pacific Electric Clock Company, San
Francisco and Berkeley. Mr. Estabrook organized and
developed the company which today is one of the
leading industries in its line on the Pacific Coast. He
had many friends throughout California. The com-
pany which he organized will be continued under
competent management.

April, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

1 25

THE ST. FRANCIS DAM FAILURE

in accompanying picture furnished bj courtesy
of Southwest Builder and Contractor of Los
Angeles, gives a graphic idea of the St. Francis
dam failure near that city on March 12th, last. With-
out going into details of the cause and disastrous re-
sults of this catastrophe, the following summary of
a report by Governor Young's state commission of en-
gineers and geologists, will be found of interest:

.}. The failure of this dam indicated the d<-ii,i

bility of having all such structures erected and main
tained under the supervision and control of state

authorities. Water storage, with its necessarj ''in
COmitanl dams and embankments, is peculiarK essen-
tial to the development of California resources, and in

the great majority of cases failures would result in
serious loss of life and property. This disaster empha-
sizes the fact that while the benefits accrue to the
builders of such projects, the failures bring disaster

Los Angeles Examiner Photo

AIRPLANE VIEW OF ST. FRANCIS DAM, LOOKING UP STREAM. FIRST BREAK APPARENTLY OCCURRED AT LEFT AS

INDICATED BY TREMENDOUS HOLE SCOURED OUT OF HILLSIDE INTO WHICH WEST SIDE OF DAM WAS ANCHORED.

EXTREME WEST WALL OF DAM. 600 FT. IN LENGTH, ALONG TOP OF RIDGE REMAINED INTACT. OLD CONSTRUCTION ROAD

DOWN WHICH SEEPAGE FROM NEW LEAK FLOWED. IS SHOWN AT LEFT JUST BELOW BIG BLOCK OF CONCRETE

1. The failure of St. Francis dam was due to de-
fective foundations.

2. There is nothing in the failure of the St. Fran-
cis dam to indicate that the accepted theory of gravity
dam design is in error or that there is any question
about the safety of concrete dams designed in accord-
ance with that theory when built upon even ordinarily
sound bed rock. On the contrary, the action of the
middle section which remains standing even under such
adverse conditions is most convincing evidence of the
stability of such structures when built upon firm and
durable bed rock.

to others who have no control over the design, con-
struction and maintenance of the works. The police
power of the state certainly ought to be extended to
cover all structures impounding any considerable quan-
tities of water. * * * *

The above recommendations of the board of en-
gineers appointed by the governor, if adopted, would
require not only that plans for practically all dams by
whomsoever erected be approved by the state engineer,
but also that they be constructed under his super-
vision.

In this connection the following editorial comment

126

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

April, 1928

on the St. Francis dam disaster in the Engineering
News-Record is to the point: "High dams can be
built safely, and dams now standing are safe. En-
gineers universally recognize that care in building
the foundations is the weightiest matter in dam con-
struction. Nor does the St. Francis dam failure fur-
nish a valid argument against building on rock of
less than the hardest kind. Many important dams
resting on poor rock have stood long and safely, be-
cause the quality of the material was rightly appraised
and the construction planned with full consideration
therefor. The present disaster points to the need of
an effective check on individual judgment concerning
foundations where many lives are at stake."

OIL BURNER OUTLOOK IMPROVES

The Pacific Coast oil burner industry was well
represented at the recent annual convention of the
American Oil Burner Association in Chicago. Coast
exhibitors included the S. T. Johnson Company.
Bunting Iron Works and the Enterprise Oil Burner
Company.

It was the consensus of the convention that despite
the trying year through which the domestic oil burner
industry has just gone, indications are increasing that
the low point has been passed ; that the trend again
is upward and that this industry will progress on a
stable basis.

One reason advanced for the poor season just
ended was the mushroom growth of a large number
of local enterprises. Many of these new concerns have
already liquidated their business and the weeding-out
process is expected to continue until only the sub-
stantial firms are left to go on with the industrv.

CLAREMONT COURT RESIDENCE
Plans have been completed by B. G. McDougall
of San Francisco for a $20,000 residence of the Span-
ish type to be built in Claremont Court, Berkeley,
for \V. R. L. Campbell.

S4()0,000 SCHOOL BUILDING

Plans are being prepared by Edward A. Eames,
353 Sacramento Street, San Francisco, for a high
school building and gymnasium at St. Ignatius College.
Structure will cost $400,000.

PORTLAND SANITARIUM

A nursed home and a sanitarium addition to the
Mt. Tabor sanitarium at East 60th and Belmont at
a cost of SI 10,000, is being designed by Claussen &
Claussen, architects, of Portland, Oregon.

bOO¥. REVIEWS

The American Architecture of Today, by G. H.

Edgell, Professor of Fine Arts and Dean of the

Faculty of Architecture, Harvard University.

Charles Scribner's Sons, New York and London,

publishers. Price $6.00.

An exceedingly interesting and well-composed vol-
ume, four chapters embracing a wide field dealing
with the development of American Architecture, Do-
mestic and Academic, Ecclesiastical, Monumental and
Commercial.

The set-up of this book is the result of concrete
and constructive thought ; everything has been done
to please a fastidious reader. There is a list of illus-
trations, a classified list of monuments and an excel-
lent bibliography.

Some of the plates are a little dim and not too
clear-cut, but on the whole the book merits much and
should be of great interest to all American architects.

Color Schemes of Adam Ceilings (A portfolio
of five plates, with notes by Gerald K. Geerlings
and Betty F. Geerlings reproducing the original
studies by the Adam Brothers, now in the Sir John
Soane Museum, London). Charles Scribner's Sons,
New York and London, publishers. Price $2.00.

A beautiful work, nicely compiled and beautifully
printed. There are many lovely examples of Adam
workmanship.

OCCUPIES NEW FACTORY
G. E. Witt Company, Inc., announce a change of
name to the Vaughn-G. E. Witt Company and the
removal of their factory and office from Howard
Street, San Francisco, to 4222 Hollis Street, Emery-
ville, California. The G. E. Witt Company is one of
the oldest and best-known concerns specializing in the
manufacture of crude oil burners in San Francisco.
For more than twenty years the company's head-
quarters have been at 862-864 Howard Street, San
Francisco, and since the death of G. E. Witt, about
nine years ago, Mr. Vaughn has been in active con-
trol. The company's new factory in Emeryville is
75 by 125 feet, one-story brick, with an equipment
capable of doubling the present production. The fac-
tor) has excellent rail and water facilities and is in
the heart of the industrial center on San Francisco
Bay.

Lacquer Finish Meets Modern Floor Requirements

By B. A. White
Engineer, Sheratone Products Corporation

/ssjjfeifc. N Tin; present state of economic development
•;.■ of our building industry the Hour utters one
Wh of the most universal problems with which
we have to contend. It has to withstand the hardest
usage of any part of the building. Walked on, it re-
ceives the effects of fracture and abrasion — washed or
scrubbed it gets the results emanating from alkalies and
moisture — 90% of the dust, dirt and grease settles on
it, and still we are demanding more and more whether
in home, office or factory that the floor not only give
long and hard service, but that it be sanitary and
beautiful.

When a floor is first put down, whether wood, ce-
ment, tile, linoleum or what, it represents potential
utility, sanitation and beauty, dependent on the care
given to it. The servicing of these potential qualities
to obtain the best results is the problem with which
this article deals. The new floor left to the ravages of
usage and cleaning soon shows signs of wear ; decom-
position sets in and the beauty is gone ; minute cracks
and checking appear which make breeding places for
countless germs, and the floor upon which we make
such heavy demand falls far short of our expectations.

Many materials have been used as floor finishes to
preserve the demands of utility, sanitation and beau'y
with varying degrees of success. Varnishes, shellacs,
oils and waxes have all been tried but fall short of the
perfect floor finish. Large institutions are continually
trying to improve the products they put out as floor
finishes, but up to the present time the perfect finish
is yet undiscovered.

And now the pyroxylin or lacquer finishes are gain-
ing great headway towards solving the problem of pre-
serving floor surfaces. While many are still in the
experimental stages, others have stood the tests of time
and usage to a satisfying degree.

A properly compounded pyroxylin finish has many
qualities which are not combined in any other material.
Three of the most important are penetration, sealing
and exceptionally hard surface film.

The penetrating property takes the material into the
body of the surface to be finished in place of laying it
on top of the surface as is the case with most materials.

This prevents cracking and peeling which disfigure
a floor so quickly.

The sealing property closes the pores of the surface,

preventing the escape of oils and preservatives within
the floor material and keeping out anything which
might be injurious, such as grease, alkalies and mois-
ture. It also makes the surface impervious to ^'crms.

I he hard surface film left by pyroxylin materials
produces the wearing qualit) which is so necessary to
prolong the life and maintain the beaut) of the floor.
This film is not affected b) water, grease or other ma-
terials which ordinarily mar the finish of a beautiful
floor. A damp cloth will remove am stains which may
be left by leaking radiators, spilled foods or grease and
dirt tracks. The hardness of the film offers a surface
which is easily cleaned. Where scrubbing was for-
merly necessary, mopping with warm water produces
the same effect on a pyroxylin surface.

Some of the other attractive features of pyroxylin
finishes are that they are easily and quickly applied
with spray or brush and do not show laps or brush
marks. They dry very rapidly, requiring from 30
minutes to 4 hours before the floor may be safely used
after a coat is applied. When a pyroxylin finished
floor begins to show wear a new coat may be applied,
which amalgamates perfectly with former coats leav-
ing no trace of worn parts or lap marks. They may be
put over old floors with a surprising degree of success
in prolonging the utility, increasing the sanitation and
renewing the original beauty which has passed with
improper servicing or inadequate finishes.

There will no doubt be better floor finishes dis-
covered in the future but for the present the pyrox-
ylin finishes offer the most satisfactory answer to the
problems of floor utility, floor sanitation and floor

beauty.

ELEVATOR DOORS

Richards-Wilcox Manufacturing Company has re-
cently published a new elevator door catalog which
contains much valuable information for the architect.
It is undoubtedly one of the best books on this sub-
ject published in recent years. It shows numerous
line drawings illustrating in detail the application of
the new Rich-Wil hangers to various types of doors.
Elevator door hangers, closers, interlocks, etc, are all
given prominent display in this book. Readers of The
Architect and Engineer may obtain a copy free by
asking for Catalog A-44, and addressing the company
at Aurora, Illinois.

127

1 L'S

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

April, 1928

SOAP SCULPTURE COMPETITIONS

The National Small Sculpture Committee has an-
nounced the fourth annual competitions for prizes
offered hy the Procter & Gamble Company for sculp-
ture, using white soap as a medium. Both amateurs
and professionals are eligible. In the latter class,
prizes will be awarded as follows: First prize, $300;
Second prize, $200; Third prize, $100. A special
prize of $250 is offered for straight carving, which is
defined as "work cut or carved with a knife, no other
tool used." The amateur competitions are open to
anyone not a professional, regardless of age. Thirty-
six prizes will be awarded in these competitions in
three different classes. The competitions are open un-
til May 1. For complete information, address the
National Small Sculpture Committee, 80 East 11th
Street, New York, N. Y.

PRIZES FOR AWNING DESIGNS
Draftsmen are invited to compete for prizes total-
ling $1,000 offered by the Cotton Textile Institute,
for the design of awnings suitable for use on three
types of residences: the New England Colonial in
wood, the English Cottage in brick, and the Spanish
type in stucco. The competition will, it is hoped,
direct the attention of architects to the importance
of controlling the design of these conspicuous acces-
sories which, improperly handled, may mar an other-
wise attractive house.

ARCHITECTS HEAR ABOUT SASH

A number of architects assembled at luncheon March
21st, at the Olympic Hotel, on the invitation of Messrs.
D. E. Fryer and Company, to take advantage of an
opportunity to meet George Richardson and John
Drew of the Detroit Steel Products Company, who
were present with some examples of latest develop-
ment in steel sash, the product of their company. After
the luncheon, Mr. Richardson and Mr. Drew, with
David Fryer, explained the construction of the differ-
ent types of sash and their adaptability to various
forms of structures.

OPENS SAN FRANCISCO OFFICE
Arthur L. Lucas has been appointed district man-
ager of the Master Builders Company with head-
quarters in San Francisco. This firm which was
formerly represented by J. E. Rogers & Co. now have
a regular San Francisco office. Mr. Lucas may be
found in the Mills Building. He has long lived in
California and is well schooled in cement hardening,
waterproofs and coloring problems.

JOINS MILCOR ORGANIZATION

Julius A. Pfeiffer, well known throughout the
building material trade as vice president of the North-
western Expanded Metal Company, Chicago, became
director of sales of the Fireproof Materials Division
of the Milwaukee Corrugating Company on January
15 last.

While Mr. Pfeiffer's headquarters will be at the
main Milcor plant in Milwaukee, he will spend con-
siderable time at each of the other three Milcor plants
at Chicago, Kansas City and La Crosse, Wisconsin.
A comprehensive dealer campaign is being organized
under the direction of Mr. Pfeiffer.

Having completed extensive development of addi-
tional facilities for the manufacture of Milcor net-
mesh diamond-expanded metal lath, stay-rib metal lath
Nos. 1, 2 and 3, and expansion corner beads, casings
and other produbts in the complete Milcor line, the
Milwaukee Corrugating Company is planning cor-
respondingly increased sales and service facilities with
Mr. Pfeiffer in charge.

The famous Milcor policy of carrying sufficient
stock at all plants to insure twenty-four-hour service
will be maintained even more rigidly than in the past.
For twenty-five years the Milcor service slogan has
been "Same day deliveries.' The Soule Steel Company,
San Francisco and Los Angeles, handles the Mil-
waukee Corrugating Company's materials in Cali-
fornia.

WINDOW LAYOUT FOR INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS

In connection with the work conducted by its department
of engineering research during the past four years under
the direction of J. E. Emswiler, professor of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Michigan, the Detroit Steel
Products Company announces the publication of two bul-
letins on the subject of natural illumination as related to
window layout in industrial buildings. The bulletins are
'entitled, "Studies in Daylighting," and "Sawtooth Design —
Its Effect on Natural Illumination," — both being written by
W. C. Randall, chief engineer of the company.

The former bulletin is a summary of the general principles
to follow in window layout to secure adequate natural
lighting. The effect of monitors, the relative value of differ-
ent heights of windows in the sidewalks, and the relation
of window area to floor area are all discussed.

The bulletin on sawtooth design takes up the problem of
finding the greatest slope that can be used with sawtooth
windows to secure a maximum of light intensity without
permitting direct sunlight to enter. This bulletin also
analyzes the effect on illumination at the working plane of
such elements as the height of windows, slope of windows,
the span, conditions of inside reflecting surfaces, the kind of
glass used, glare reducers, et cetera. Emphasis is given the
need for regular washing of factory windows, to prevent
serious diminution of daylight through the accumulation of
dirt on the glass.

Both bulletins are written expressly for the architect or
engineer to use in designing industrial structures.

In connection with the work of its department of engineer-
ing research, the Detroit Steel Products Company announces
the publication of two bulletins for builders and home-owners
that deal with the problems of condensation and weather-
tightness in residential windows.

QJ£

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

MAY 19 2 8

BLEEf

GUARANTEED

ROOFS

lO and 20
YEARS

A Rating the Credit Bureaus Cannot Give

F COURSE, it's gratifying when Dun and Bradstreet have kind
things to say about you.

But to us there's a satisfaction that is much deeper and keener. It
comes with the knowledge that by word of mouth, from architect to
architect, and roofer to roofer, up and down the Pacific Coast is run-
ning this reputation—

"El Rey Asphalt Roofing has no superior." Put out by a large com-
pany that has been making high grade roofing material for over twenty-

five

years

There you have the essence of the guarantee behind El Rey Built-up
Roofs — a basis for implicit confidence in specifying them for your clients.

Los Angeles Paper Manufacturing Co.

1633 NORTH SAN PABLO STREET, LOS ANGELES
Telephone oANgelus 5236

9-28

ETCHINGS OF THE FRANCISCAN MISSIONS
OF CALIFORNIA

By Henry Chapman Ford

PUBLISHED 1883

No. 5 — San Fernando Rey de Espana
This Mission lies in the San Fernando Valley a few miles
north oj Los Angeles. For combined strength and grace
the long facade now bordering one of the highways to

Los Angeles is perhaps the finest of all the mission arcades.
This, with the building immediately behind it, containing
refectory and other public rooms, arc still in a good state
of preservation. The church (at the extreme left in the
picture) remains standing, but in a iveakened condition.
It formed a finely proportioned room. The low buildings
shown connecting the church and the arcade wing have
disappeared. Across the highway is a delightfully quaint
fountain.

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ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

Vol. 93

MAY, 1928

No. 1

LOS AKTOELES CITY HALL

Joy KL/TedericL r fenninas

OMPLETIOX of the new Los
Angeles City Hall marks the rea-
lization of a hope long cherished
by the pioneer residents of the
Southern California city. It is the consum-
mation of the first unit of an ambitious proj-
ect which eventually, it is hoped, will give
the city a Civic Center second to none in the
United States. The design of the City Hall
shows a strong feeling for the new classic—
a style that is popular because of its Amer-
ican tendencies. Further accentuation of
the modern spirit is found in the "set-backM
or pyramid treatment which divides the
building into three distinct units: first, the
low or ground portion, embracing all that part
from the foundations to the third floor line;
second, the parts which flank the tower and
rise above the third floor and are termed the
limit height portion, and third, the tower
or dominating unit rising to a height of 452

feet above Main Street. From the base to
the twenty-third floor it is 100 feet square,
and of lessor dimensions above this point.
The flanking wings of the tower, or the
limit height portions, are each 64 feet wide
and 113 feet 6 inches long, measured from
the outer wall of the tower.

A terrace at the ground floor level bounds
the building on three sides and extends
beyond the wall lines a distance of 20 feet,
thus forming an appropriate base for the
structure. A light colored granite of re-
markable quality, quarried in Raymond,
California, is used for all facades from
ground and sidewalk levels up to a point
immediately above the third floor. That
part of the granite forming the terrace walls
is of varied hues, so arranged as to form a
pleasing transition from the ground upon
which it rests, to the building and thereby
furnishing an appropriate background for

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

May, 1928

Miles Berne, Photo

LOS ANGELES CITY HALL, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA

JOHN C. AUSTIN, JOHN PARKINSON AND ALBERT C. MARTIN, ASSOCIATED ARCHITECTS

May, 1928

ARCHITECT

/\ND ENGINEER,

planting. The facades of the building above
the third floor line are faced with terra
cotta of tone and texture harmonizing with
the granite used below.

The large circular headed windows of
the first story and also the openings imme-
diately above, in the attic of the low portion
of the building, are covered with metal
grills of conventional design, to give scale
to the architecture and to lend color relief
to the whiteness of the granite.

The roofs of the set-back story above the
eighth floor are covered with burnt clay
tiles of Spanish type, in various tones of
fire-flashed reds, old golds, and comple-
mentary shades, blending together har-
moniously and effectively.

Forming the central and predominating
feature of the structure is the tower, upon
the apex of which the airway beacon, dedi-
cated to Colonel Charles A. Lindbergh, is
placed. This glistening-white tower, in ap-
pearance similar to a campanile, with its
vertical lines and the peristyle at the upper
stories, is so designed that the effect as
viewed from distant points, is most im-
pressive.

The principal entrance is from Spring
Street and is approached by means of two
broad tiers of granite steps leading to the
colonnaded front of the forecourt. The
importance of this entrance is emphasized
by the heavy masonry pylons at the abutting
ends of the colonnade. Their plain wall
surface will form appropriate backgrounds
for two heroic statuary groups, which may
be placed in the granite pedestals. Over
this colonnade there is a heavy frieze in the
stone, 75 feet long and 9 feet 6 inches high.
It is proposed that this frieze shall be
carved in deep bas-relief, forming a richly
sculptured panel depicting some approp-
priate historical sequence.

Colonnaded passages on three sides of the
open forecourt form means of access to the
secondary entrances. Tiled groined arches
compose the ceilings, while the walls are
paneled, between granite stiles, with decor-
ative faience glazed tile of local manufac-
ture. Interesting inserts are placed in

these panels, depicting several of the city's

industries.

The monumental mam entrance to the

building, from the forecourt, is of Greek
design. An ornamented architrave frames

the opening and is surrounded by richly-
sculptured consoles, cornice and entabla-
ture. Space, also, has been left in the frieze
for sculpture in bas-relief. Carved in the
granite over the portal are the following
inscriptions: "Let us have faith that right
makes might/' by Abraham Lincoln, and
"Righteousness exalteth a people," by Sol-
omon. Framed by the stone embellishments
described above, are the bronze doors, with
panels in sculpture, commemorative of
events in the history of the city.

The floor of the rotunda, the passages and
the vestibule, is of marble of many kinds,
colors and shapes, laid in geometrical design
and forming a complete scheme of intri-
cately shaped circular patterns, interlaced
bands and checkered fields. Placed immedi-
ately in the center of the floor of the rotunda
is a bronze insert representing an old Span-
ish caravel such as plied the Pacific in the
early days. The sky and sea, as pictured by
marble surrounding the ship, are both
natural and unique. The walls of the
rotunda and its surrounding passages, like
those of the vestibule, are of French lime-
stone, known as Laboux-a-Grains, a ma-
terial which is quarried under water. There
are the monolithic marble columns of vari-
ous kinds in the rotunda, so placed as to give
color and richness.

Adjacent to the rotunda is located the
elevator lobby where access may be had to
the two banks of four elevators each, which
handle the main vertical traffic in the build-
ing. The bronze elevator doors of ornate
design are framed with red Verona marble
trim. Marble pilasters of French pink and
walls of Saint Genevieve rose, extending to
the spring line of the arched ceiling, form
the wall surfaces of this lobby. The decora-
tive ceiling is lined off in geometrical panels
of gold and blue. The principal feature of
this ceiling is a central panel, whose sub-

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

May. 1928

SOUTH LOBBY, LOS ANGELES
CITY HALL

LIGHTING FIXTURES, LOS ANGELES
CITY HALL

ject of mythological figures, is emblematical
of the indomitable courage, perseverance,
and progressive spirit of the people of Los
Angeles.

Extending to the north and south on the
long axis of the building, from the rotunda
to the open stair lobbies at the extreme ends,
is the principal corridor or hallway. Archi-
tecturally treated with marble paneled walls
and an ornamental ceiling, this hallway is
featured in a simple and restrained manner.

The Mayor's suite is situated in the south-
east portion of the first floor. Because of its
favorable exposure to the sun, and the addi-
tional advantage of facing the park at the
south, its environment is cheerful, restful
and quiet. This suite is entered from the
east lobby, through a corridor.

We are indebted to George P. Hales,
architectural representative in the City
Hall, for much of the above interesting in-

formation. The following statistical infor-
mation is furnished by G. H. Schulte:

Actual floor area, 856,000 square feet,
nearly twenty acres; of this area 500,000
square feet are available for departmental
use, 137,500 square feet for garage; balance
in corridors, lobbies, shops, service and
toilet rooms.

Volume of building, about 12,000,000
cubic feet; dead weight, 95,000 tons.

There are twenty-nine levels accessible to
public and above them three levels for
machinery, tanks and chimes.

Structural steel, 8167 tons; rivets, 900,-
000; number of columns, 400; heaviest col-
umn, 24 tons, or one ton per lineal foot;
heaviest truss, 31 tons; total length of drilled
holes, twelve miles.

The tower is designed as a separate struc-
ture consisting of fan-braced bents at right
angles, supported on a single reinforced

May. 1928

1 JAo,

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

% - »T/fiW WWW WifWlf

MAIN ENTRANCE DOOR, LOS ANGELES
CITY HALL

MEMORIAL HALL, 25TH FLOOR, LOS ANGELES
CITY HALL

concrete footing 115 feet square and 6y2
feet thick, resting on stiff blue clay. At
every story from the tenth to the twenty-
fifth the outer walls have an elastic joint to
avoid transmitting of loads to filler walls
and to allow for sway and for expansion
caused by temperature changes.

There are 825 radiators and six miles of
steam lines in the building; 1200 plumbing
fixtures; 2680 sprinkler heads; twelve miles
of wrought iron pipe; 129 miles of wire;
enough weight in electrical equipment to
make up a train of twenty cars; eight pas-
senger elevators; two dumb waiters and a
freight elevator.

High-Speed Elevators

L. M. Whitten of the Otis Elevator Com-
pany, recently gave a talk in Los Angeles
on "New Developments in the Elevator

Industry." Among other things, Mr.
Whitten said that elevators are now de-
signed to travel safely at a speed of 1200
feet per minute. In fact, a machine has been
operated and tested at this speed in order to
determine its performance. This equipment
has been contemplated for use in the Book
Tower in Detroit, 85 stories, and the much
talked of 80-story building planned for
New York City. With this increased speed,
it is impossible for an operator to
watch the signals and make accurate land-
ings. This trouble has been overcome, how-
ever, by the invention of the automatic
signal control, which derives its name from
the fact that the elevator is controlled by
the signals in place of the operator.

The invention of the signal control auto-
matic elevator is probably the outstanding
improvement in the elevator industry for :i
number of vears.

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER

May, 1928

All Window Tracings of Indiana Limestone

GRACE CATHEDRAL, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
LEWIS P. HOBART, ARCHITECT; CRAM & FERGUSON, CONSULTING ARCHITECTS

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HERE is passing over the United
States a wave of cathedral buiid-
ing unprecedented in the history
of the world. That wave has
reached San Francisco. At last, eighteen
years after laying the cornerstone, a great
effort is to be made to complete Grace
Cathedral on the top of Nob Hill.

The opportunity to design a cathedral
comes to very few architects and the num-
ber capable of producing an exquisite shrine
that will hold its own with the masterpieces
of Europe, are also few. It is therefore
gratifying to know that here in San Fran-
cisco it is the design of a local architect,
Lewis P. Hobart, that has been accepted,
and it will be seen from the illustrations
that a remarkable structure is to rise — one
that will take its place with the great cathe-
drals of the world. It is interesting to note
that there are ten great Episcopal cathe-
drals now building or have been projected
in the United States since the end of the
great war.

The history of the present undertaking
goes back many years: In 1862 the need of
the cathedral was first spoken of. In the
following year Bishop Kip, the first Bishop
of California, placed his chair in old Grace
Church and caused it to be known as Grace
Cathedral, thereby establishing the first
cathedral seat in the United States. Pre-
vious to the fire of 1906, Bishop Nichols,
the second Bishop of California, had sur-
veyed several possible sites, but when the
fire swept the palatial homes from the top
of Nob Hill he perceived a vision of the
cathedral rising from the ashes on this spot.
He approached members of a prominent
family whose homes had been destroyed on
this historic site, with the result that they
donated an entire city block for the cathe-
dral to be.

Creating a structure most suitable to the
site has received the attention of several dis-
tinguished architects. In 1907, the famous
English architect, the late George Bodley,
was engaged and submitted plans, but he

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PLAN, GRACE CATHEDRAL, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
Lewis P. Hobart, Architect; Cram & Ferguson, Consulting Architects

CJA^

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

.May. 1928

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May, L928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

died before they could be revised by him
upon suggestions submitted by the cathedral
trustees. His successor, Cecil Hare, revised
the plans and Mr. Hobart, associated with
him, adapted them to local conditions, giv-
ing particular attention to the physical diffi-
culties of the site. Later an entirely fresh
conception of the cathedral was prepared
by Mr. Hobart, and the cathedral trustees
called in Ralph Adams Cram as consulting
architect. Mr. Cram says of Mr. Hobart's
designs :

"The problem of San Francisco Cathe-
dral was one not easy of solution. Physical
considerations implied, and even com-
pelled, a treatment that departed in certain
particulars from the established precedents
of the Middle Ages. It was necessary,
frankly, to meet these conditions, yet at the
same time to obtain an architectural effect
that should be impressive and spiritually
stimulating, while the sense of religious and
architectural tradition would be scrupul-
ously maintained. That these results have
been achieved, and even beyond what might
reasonably have been anticipated, the de-
signs and drawings demonstrate without
question. Here is a building of impressive
dimensions, with a nobility and power in
general effect that promise a cathedral cer-
tainly not unworthy to stand with similar,
if larger, structures now being erected in
the United States and destined to take its
place with the great works of ecclesiastical
architecture in modern times.

"It is not in any respect archeological.
There are motives which may be traced to
thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth century
work in England, France, and Spain. None
of these has been used after a servile fash-
ion. In effect, the building is an epitome
of the great art of the Christian Middle
Ages. Through these varied motives in their
logical combinations runs a certain element
of modernity that makes the design unques-
tionably of this day and generation. No one
could mistake it for a copy of an ancient
structure. It is unquestionably of America,
and of the twentieth century; yet with equal
certainty it proclaims not only the vitality
of the religion that brings it into existence,

MODEL OF CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION OF

GRACE CATHEDRAL CHAPEL, SHOWING RIBS

AND VAULTING

but also the unbroken continuity of this
force as it follows backward, century after
century, to the great moment when, in
Europe, Christianity • became fully self-
conscious, and so expressed itself through
the art it had brought into being.

"While the exterior is as vigorous, vital,
and effective in its detail as one could askv
the interior promises to be no less impres-
sive, perhaps, indeed, more so. The whole
plane is clear, open, and spacious, with
great widely-spaced and very lofty piers
supporting a clerestory, but without trifor-
ium, somewhat after the Spanish mode.
The scale is large and powerful, the organ-
ism logical to a degree, while the vistas
through aisles and chapels can only be
strikingly effective in their combination of
light and shade.

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

May, 1928

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COMPARATIVE DRAWING, SHOWING HEIGHT OF GRACE CATHEDRAL AND THE
HUNTINGTON AND CATHEDRAL APARTMENTS

Lewis P. Hobart, Architect

"Disassociating myself wholly from the
part I have been privileged to play as con-
sulting architect, I can truthfully say that
Mr. Hobart has produced one of the most
impressive, convincing, and promising
schemes for an American cathedral that has
thus far been brought forward during the
process of creating in America a logical and
consistent architectural expression of the
Christian faith and the Christian polity.
Not only the diocese, not only the church

in the United States, but also the entire
community must be grateful for what
promises to be one of the great works of
religious architecture in this country."

The site, standing 278 feet above sea-
level, occupies a strategic position, domi-
nating the city and the bay. There is prob-
ably no finer or more suitable position for a
great spiritual monument than that on top
of Nob Hill, San Francisco.

The cathedral is not oriented. The altar

May, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

is at the west end and the great twin towers
at the east end rise 158 feet from the level
of Taylor Street and face Huntington
Square and the Pacific Union Club. The
exterior measurements of the cathedral are
340 feet long, while the width of the main
front will be 119 feet from buttress to
buttress. On the top of the crossing will be
a Heche similar in character to those on
many of the French and Spanish cathedrals.
This will be, we understand, the first of its
type to be raised on any cathedral building
in the United States. The possibility of
sudden and mighty strain made the erection
of a great spire, or square tower, too risky
an undertaking, and this fleche, which will
be covered with copper and will rise 230
feet from the roof to the cross at its peak,
will become a landmark in the bay area.
The cross at the top of the spire is to be
lighted at night, and will be upwards of
500 feet above the waterfront. Those who
are acquainted with the locality will be in-
terested to know that the twin towers at the
east end are two stories higher than the top
of the Huntington Apartments (see com-
parative sketch), and the top of the fleche
is many feet higher than the top of the
Cathedral Apartments and will be, in fact,
the highest piece of construction in the city.
Another remarkable external feature of the
cathedral will be the gorgeous porch at the
east entrance. Mr. Hobart has undoubtedly
given great study to his elaborate and rich
design. It is undoubtedly his intention to
convey to the visitor entering this porch the
atmosphere of vastness and serenity which
he will enter on moving into the cathedral
itself. The interior measurements of the
cathedral are as follows:

Length of nave from rose window in

east end to channel window 300 feet
Greatest width from transept rose to

transept rose 140 feet

Height of nave 92 feet

Width of nave 42 feet 6 inches

The height and width of this nave will be
greater than those of such famous English
cathedrals as Canterbury, Ely, Lincoln, and
Durham. The height of the wide aisles will
be 56 feet and their width 16 feet, the width
of the transepts being 33 feet.

The cathedral will be built almost en-
tirely of concrete, the exceptions being the
east porch, the doorways, and the tracery of
the rose windows and certain external dec-
orations. These items will be of Indiana
limestone. Work is already commenced
upon the chapel at the southwest corner.
This chapel is being built as the result of a
special gift and will be used for week-day
services, for private devotions, and par-
ticular occasions such as weddings. The
chapel is 74 feet long, 27 feet wide and 48
feet high. It will contain fourteen great
stained-glass windows, the tracery being of
Indiana limestone. The sanctuary will be
in marble with reredos of carved stone and
will contain also a fine pipe-organ. The
engineer at work on the cathedral is T.
Ronneberg, Atkins and Parker are the
mechanical engineers and the Dinwiddie
Construction Company are contractors for
the chapel. The cathedral when completed
will seat 3200, and will accommodate with
standing room filled, 4500.

At a recent meeting of the Northern
California Chapter of the American Insti-
tute of Architects, a resolution was unani-
mously passed and forwarded to Bishop
Parsons in commendation of the
architecture.

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

May, 1928

Pencil Sketch by Lyle Reynolds Wheeler

RESIDENCE OF N. Y. STOCKWELL, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
Ralph C. Flewelling, Architect

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Pencil Sketch by LyU Reynolds Wheeler

HALL OF PHILOSOPHY. UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA

Ralph C. Flewelling, Architect

WINNERS OF HOLLYWOOD
ARCHITECTVRAL LEAGVE EXHIBIT

HE recent third Exhibition of
Architecture and Allied Arts un-
der the patronage of the Holly-
wood Architectural League, re-
sulted in the awarding of several prizes and
the winning exhibits are shown in this num-
ber of The Architect and Engineer.

Limited space prevents a more generous
presentation. The jury of award was com-
posed of Walter S. Davis, Harold Miles
and David J. Witmer. Its report in part
follows :

"The material submitted we have found
of compelling interest and considerable
variation. This community is fortunate in
numbering in its midst, crafts of great
architectual interest and craftsmen of more
than usual ability. The illustrations of
architectural subjects submitted were not
only generally worthy of attention, but of a
rather wide latitude of presentation and,
for the most part, of good quality. Cer-
tainly, in no recent exhibit of architecture
have the sketches and renderings so out-
numbered the photographs of completed
work. For that reason, this exhibition
should have the particular interest of the
architect. The jury sensed that the desire
of those responsible for this exhibition was
for quality rather than quantity of the
material hung. Further, it has seemed fit-
ting that this annual exhibition should, if
possible, from the start, set a standard of
such quality that the opportunity to hang
material would be eagerly sought. It was
fortunate that such seemed to be the con-
cept, for drawings, sketches and photo-
graphs submitted were in excess of the
hanging space available. It was necessary
to make a drastic elimination. From the
material remaining after this elimination,
the jury, after careful consideration and

discussion, selected the recipients of the
prize awards.

"The Prize for Black and White Render-
ing: Oddly, there were few purely black
and white renderings, or sketches. All
monochrome presentations — that is, wash,
pen and ink, and pencil submissions,—
were considered in this class. Special men-
tion should be made of the Memorial Shaft
submitted by C. Choate, of the School of
Architecture, University of Southern Cali-
ornia, both as to design and the high order
of rendering. The award was made to
Ralph C. Flewelling for the pencil sketches
made by Lyle Reynolds Wheeler.

"The Prize for Rendering in Color:
This was awarded to Roland Crawford for
his water color sketches of the new Pomona
College buildings by Weber & Spauld-
ing. To present prospective buildings in
this manner is unusual, but most fortunate.
There is such a freshness and spirit in these
portrayals, so much of the possible charm
of the buildings is in them — that we
felt there should be no question of the
appropriateness of this award. The color
sketch of Norman Kennedy of an English
type cottage seen through the reeds
has charm, (cover picture in The ARCHI-
TECT and Engineer for April). Had the
sketch of Harrison Clarke, of the Exhibit
Building by Roy Seldon Price, been more
truly a color sketch, it would have received
serious consideration in this class. This
sketch of Clarke's evidenced so much buoy-
ancy of atmosphere, and was so colorful
without the actual use of color, that the
jury pondered long.

"To determine which is the best archi-
tectural photograph when so many photo-
graphs are excellent, and none really poor,
is a task of no easy undertaking. The jury

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

May, 1928

Viroque Baker, Photo Margrethe Mather, Photo

HOLLYWOOD ARCHITECTURAL LEAGUE AWARD HOLLYWOOD ARCHITECTURAL LEAGUE AWARD
FOR BEST ARCHITECTURAL PHOTOGRAPH FOR GOOD INTERIOR DECORATING

MAGNIN COMPANY SHOP, HOLLYWOOD,

CALIFORNIA
Mvron Hunt and H. C. Chamber, Architects

MAIN LOBBY, HOME BEAUTIFUL EXHIBIT

EXCHANGE

Roy Seldon Price, Architect

May, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

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named the photograph by Miss Viroque
H;iker of the residence by B. B. Horner as
worthy of a prize.

"The best general exhibit called for the
last and hardest decision. Many offered
splendid exhibits. That of Donald Mc-
Murray was excellent. The decision fell,
however, between the very fine presentation
by H. W. Grieve of Interiors — and these
were beautifully shown in the photographs
by Margarethe Mather — and the presenta-
tion of Myron Hunt and H. C. Chambers,
which are most excellent photographs of
subjects purely architectural. The subject
in this case determined the award, which
was made to Myron Hunt and H. C.
Chambers; W. M. Clark, photographer."

Architect and Engineer Code

The Associated General Contractors of
America, with 2500 members and chapters
in San Francisco, Los Angeles and Seattle,
have adopted the following code of ethics
and working rules with special reference to
architects and engineers:

1. On all private work the architect or engineer
shall choose those contractors whose bids are desired,
but after having been so chosen, the competing con-
tractors shall have a right to assume that they are
acceptable to both architect and owner, and, in the
event one of these contestants for the work submits a
satisfactory bid (not necessarily the lowest) he shall
be awarded the contract. Acceptance of a bid shall
indicate that the bidder is satisfactory and considered
competent to perform the contemplated work.

2. Identical plans and specifications shall be the basis
of all bids submitted on the same project.

3. All bids submitted shall be opened and read at
a specified time and place, in the presence of bidders
or their representatives, and each bidder, on request,
shall be furnished a copy of all bids received. Any
proposal not complying with the call for bids shall be
thrown out, as a violation of the spirit of fair competi-
tion, and such bid, or any other bid rejected for cause,
shall have no effect upon the regular bids — it will be
as though same had never been submitted.

4. Changes in plans or specifications, after bids are
opened, shall be considered only with the accepted
bidder, on the assumption that he is as competent as
any other to effect such changes, and to forestall the

suspicion thai such changes are proposed to rene ■

Competition after bids are known. Should such chai
affect the job beyond 2" per cent of its estimated COSt,
new bids ma\ he called for, at the option of the and:
tCCt or owner.

5. Except on public work, unit prices and alternates
shall not be requested in connection with a general hid.

These are matters for consideration with the successful
bidder.

6. No charge shall he made for plans and specifica-
tions to any general contractor, but, in case the un-
successful bidder fails to return plans in good condition
within a reasonable time, he shall be charged for same.

7. The latest standard form of contract, adopted by
the A. I. A., A. G. C. of A., and allied bodies, shall be
used by the contracting parties.

8. No bidder except the lowest shall be permitted to
vary his bid in any particular, nor to solicit the job on
a cost plus, fixed fee, or percentage basis. The owner
or architect, however, may select any bidder to execute
the work on such basis, provided the upset price, if
any price be mentioned, is at least equal to his original
bid.

9. It is agreed that the practice of some general
contractors who draw preliminary sketches or complete
plans, and of some architects and engineers who usurp
the contractor's place and functions, are both contrary
to the best interests of the industrv.

State Parks- What Are They?

State parks are lands held and managed
by the state expressly for the purpose that
the people of the state shall be able, by
access to them, forever, to enjoy certain
things of state-wide interest and importance
of which the people would otherwise be-
come deprived. Chief among those things
are : ( 1 ) natural scenery of unusual beauty ;
(2) natural objects of unusual educational
and scientific value, such as rare kinds and
combinations of trees, plants and wild life,
and of forms of earth, rocks and waters; (3)
objects of state-wide historical interest; (4)
areas specifically adapted to such activities
as camping, boating, fishing, bathing, hiking
and others characteristic of life in the open.
State parks unquestionably have their in-
spirational and recreational value for re-
freshment and upbuilding of body and
mind. Increased numbers of state parks
should be encouraged.

cJAe,

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

May, 1928

SOUTH TRANSEPT ANNEX TO THE CATACOMBS, CYPRESS LAWN

B. J. S. CAHILL, ARCHITECT

ADDITIONS to the CATACOMBS

OF CYPRESS LAWN

HE full page illustration shows
the south transept of the second
annex to the catacombs of Cypress
Lawn, San Mateo County, Cali-
fornia, which was completed about two
years ago. The south aisle and one cor-
ridor, all units equally extensive with the
transept here illustrated, were finished at
the same time, while an extra corridor more
extensive than any of the other three units,
was temporarily left in the rough and cur-
tained off for the time being.

Owing to the rapid disposal of these first
units, however, the completion of the fourth
unit soon followed and was opened to the

public a few months ago. Though the design
of this corridor here illustrated in the
smaller cuts, was for an art stone treatment
in portions of the s ■ucture outside the
crypts proper, it was finally determined that
this last section of the catacombs should be
finished wholly in colored marble regard-
less of cost.

Over ten varieties of marble were used,
mostly imported. The pilasters are of
French black and gold and the free columns
of the same, solid. All crypt fronts and
borders, as well as the field of all wall faces,
are of Tavernelle, pink Tavernelle and
Bottecino. The base is Belgian black.

CORRIDOR, THE CATACOMBS, CYPRESS LAWN
B. J. S. Cahill, Architect

SOUTH AISLE, THE CATACOMBS, CYPRESS LAWN
B. J. S. Cahill. Architect

PAINTINGS £ SPANISH LIFE ia

HOTEL BILTMORE-cySw/b Barbara

Recent Work of Kerbert Von Jcidelrtein

DISTINCTION by no means
novel, yet one which cannot be
too frequently insisted upon, is
the very essential difference be-
tween the easel picture and mural painting.
The easel picture is conceived with refer-
ence to nothing but itself. Made for no
particular place, it may be acceptable in
any place where its scale and tone are not
incompatible with other furniture and
decoration. Furthermore, it is detached
from its miscellaneous surroundings by a
frame. A mural painting, on the other
hand, is conceived for a particular situation.
Its form and treatment, often even its sub-
ject, develop from consideration of the
specific place it is intended to fill. The
architecture, the lighting, the purpose and
the decorative scheme of the room, are all
determining factors. The easel picture is a
piece of portable furniture. The mural
painting is as much a part of the building
as column capitals, cornices, and other
architectural elements. While any degree
of realism and complication may be proper
in an easel picture, subject only to the fancy
of the artist, a mural painting should pos-
sess simplicity of conception and breadth
of handling. It should be above all decora-
tive, never obscuring the intention or struc-
tural integrity of the architecture. The
painter of an easel picture is a law unto
himself. The mural painter is under the
strictest obligation to the architectural con-
ception. The born decorator is the one to
whom this apparent limitation becomes a
source of power.

These considerations should be borne in
mind when viewing the decorations which
Herbert von Ridelstein has painted for the
new Biltmore Hotel at Santa Barbara, and
which are illustrated on subsequent pages.

In our present time of political and social
unrest and of tendencies to construct new
doctrines it is quite obvious that art which
reveals so accurately the most intimate
vibration of human intellect tries to find
equally a new accommodation to its epoch.
In this effort it reaches sometimes to the
extreme limit of possibility.

For this reason we welcome these pictures
cordially. They were sponsored by the most
modern art conception and are the result of
a splendid training which only culture,
intense study of nature and diligence can
provide.

The subjects are drawn from the early
Spanish life of California, which continues
to form, perhaps, a more integral part of
the tradition of Santa Barbara than of any
other community in the state today. In
drawing, brilliancy of color, and technical
perfection, they are of the highest interest.
They convey an impression of well-ordered
ease and comfort.

Mr. von Ridelstein has enjoyed study and
artistic experience in Europe, Asia, and
South America. His versatility is attested
by an output ranging through black and
white illustration, tempera painting, post-
ers, realistic paintings in oil, and decorative
compositions. He has contributed to the
well-known art magazine Jugend, has re-
ceived medals and prizes at exhibitions in
Europe and Japan, and has executed murals
in Santiago, Chile.

Friends of Mr. von Ridelstein will be
interested to note that he will be in charge
of the Department of Commercial Art at
the Fashion Art School in Scottish Rite
Temple, San Francisco, which opens early
in August. He will be assisted by Mrs. von
Ridelstein.

May, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

THIS PICTURE IS COMPOSED FROM A SKETCH THE ARTIST MADE AT A FERIA IN VALENCIA. SPAIN.
THE RIDER IS RETURNING HOME WITH HIS BRIDE. VIVID GREEN DRESS, BLUE JACKET OF RIDER,
BRIDLE AND SADDLE DECORATIONS IN SPANISH RED AND YELLOW. THE DISTANCE IS A CHARAC-
TERISTIC SOUTHERN LANDSCAPE.

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

A SCENE OF RURAL LIFE FAMILIAR IN SPANISH PEASANT DISTRICTS. THE GIRL IS DANCING FOR THE
CROWD AT THE END OF THE DAYS WORK. THE MONEY IN THE FOREGROUND REPRESENTS CONTRI-
BUTIONS FROM THE ENTHUSIASTIC AUDIENCE SUPPOSED TO BE IN THE POSITION OF THE OBSERVER.
SHADOWS FROM THE SETTING SUN AND THE VILLAGE CHURCH SUGGEST TIME AND PLACE.

May, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

A MARKET SCENE. THE WHITE OXEN DRAWING THE CAR LADEN WITH THE PRODUCTS OF THE
FERTILE SOIL, AND THE STOLID PEASANT WITH HIS YELLOW PONCHO ARE UNCONCERNED WITH THE
TURBULENCE OF THE MARKET PLACE. THE BACKGROUND REPRESENTS ONE OF THE OLD MISSIONS,
SYMBOLIC OF THE FIRST PIONEERS.

MY EUROPEAN IMPRESSIONS

CO C lauscn'1C^rchi/cc^^/ar)<O^ra70cisco

III. STOKE-POGES

VERY school boy and girl knows
of Gray's "Elegy in a Country
Churchyard. "

Just a short distance from
London lies a little hamlet in which there
is the churchyard made immortal by
Thomas Gray. It is a lovely spot and has
changed little since the poet's time.

Near the church, beneath an oriel window
is the poet's grave, truly an ideal resting
place for one who has linked his name for-
ever with the peaceful beauty of the place.

While visiting this place there happened
to be at that time a wedding ceremony in
the little church and I heard the organ
softly playing as the bride and groom came
slowly out of the door. Friends of the couple
followed, and instead of showering them
with rice, as is our custom, they threw small
silver paper ornaments in the shapes of
miniature horseshoes, hearts and anchors.
The newly-weds were just plain country
folk and the whole
ceremony seemed
so quaint and old-
fashioned I could
imagine Thomas
Gray standing be-
side me.

As I turned re-
luctantly to leave,
my school days
seemed to come
back to me as my
mind reflected these
words of the poet:
"The curfew tolls
the knell of part-
ing day,
The lowing herd
winds slowly o'er
the lea,

The plowman homeward plods his weary

way,
And leaves the world to darkness and to
me."
In the vicinity of Stoke-Poges is Hugh-
enden Manor, the home of the great states-
man Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield, and
near his estate is Chalfont St. Giles, where
Milton wrote and where William Penn lies
buried in the shade of tall and luxuriant
trees. Rural England is so beautiful and so
full of interesting and historical places at
every turn of the road that the traveler be-
comes almost spell-bound.

Some of the old inns by the wayside
strongly remind one of Charles Dickens,
when he tells us how Mr. Pickwick once
stopped at the "Hop Pole" with Bob
Sawyer, Ben Allen and Sam Weller, "upon
which occasion there was more bottled ale
with some Madeira and some bottled spirits,
and here the case bottle was replenished

for the fourth time.
Under the influence
of these combined
stimulants, Mr.
Pickwick and Mr.
Bob Allen fell
asleep for thirty
miles, while Ben
and Mr. Weller
sang duets."

In England the
traveler continually
feels the peculiar
charm of :

"Strange enchant-
ments of the
past
And memories of
stoke-poges the davs of old."

NEON LIGHTING ADAPTABLE
TO ARCHITECTVRAL DETAIL

JOjQjo/)n }f \JYarr/\s m C^/ec/r/ca/ Jfest

HE possibility of using neon,
which is one of the rare gases of
the air, in the field of electrical
advertising and also possibly in
the field of general illumination and archi-
tectural outline, was first developed by
George Claude of Paris, France, well-
known physicist and a pioneer in the devel-
opment of liquid air. After some years of
investigation he found that neon properly
purified and inserted in glass tubes under
certain pressure and made active by the use
of electricity, produces the very character-
istic orange light which has excited so much
favorable comment.

Mr. Claude found further that by intro-
ducing in the vacuum tube containing neon
a few drops of mercury the blue light, also
characteristic of this form of lighting,
could be produced. At the present time Mr.
Claude is conducting further experiments
in the expectation of producing other
colors, white included, and there is a strong
possibility that neon in some form, as manu-
factured under the Claude process, will
enter the field of general illumination.

Patents in
France wereissued
to Mr. Claude just
prior to the war,
but the develop-
ment of neon in
France naturally
was retarded by
the war and it has
only been since the
declaration
of peace that the
production of neon
has really begun
to develop on a arches and sign in

commercial basis. Patents were issued in
England to Mr. Claude and also in the
United States at various times from Janu-
ary, 1915, to June, 1917. In all, five patents
have been issued covering the various pro-
cesses in the creation of the vacuum of the
tubes, the purification of neon, the type, size
and construction of electrodes which carry
the electricity into the tubes, and also cover-
ing various other features.

The consumption of electrical energy is
very small. The candlepower per watt,
however, is almost double that of the elec-
tric lamp, giving 2 candlepower per watt.
As compared with electric signs using 25-
watt lamps, the current consumed by a neon
sign of equal size is approximately one-
sixth. Neon has been described as mono-
chromatic lighting for it has none of the
vari-colored rays typical of the incandes-
cent lamp.

It has an extremely high power of pene-
tration through the fog. For this reason it
has been adopted by the British government
for the purpose of lighting the tower of the
Croyden airplane field near London,

making it possible
even in foggy
weather for the
pilots accurately
to locate the field.
The Electrical
Products Corpor-
ation of Oakland
has installed
Claude neon tubes
for experimental
purposes o n the
Ferry Building in
San Francisco, the
ultimate purpose

RED NEON LIGHTS

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

May, 1928

being the use of these tubes on boats in the
expectation that the danger of collisions in
fog largely will be eliminated.

It has been used more recently by one of
the large studios in Los Angeles in the film-
ing of color motion pictures. At the present
time the widest field for the neon is in elec-
trical advertising and it has been adopted
by a number of large concerns, many using
it as standard electrical outdoor advertising.

Neon lights are also used on the Standard
Oil Company's beacon on Mount Diablo
and the beacon installed on the Los Angeles
City Hall tower for the protection and
guidance of aviators.

The tubes are practically cold and gen-
erate no heat. If properlv manufactured
the tube should last from 2000 to 4000
hours.

By making a tube of amber glass the mer-
cury-neon or blue light is changed to a
brilliant green. Varying shades of orange-
red, blue and green now are being produced
successfully and may be seen in profusion
on the streets of the larger cities of the
Pacific Coast.

The penetrative qualities of the light,
due to the monochromatic character of the
light itself, make the neon sign applicable
to daylight as well as night use. Unless the
sun is bright on the surface of the sign itself
the color stands out distinctly even in day-
light. The fact that the cost of operation
is low also encourages this daytime, as well
as night, use of the sign and provides the

FACADE OF AN OAKLAND DANCING ACADEMY
Outline in Neon Lights

FACADE OF AMERICAN BANK, OAKLAND
Outline in Neon Lights

central station with a longer and more
equable load than the average sign.

Following the successful and wide-
spread use of neon lighting in advertising
signs has come an increasing development
of its use in outline decoration of store
fronts, architectural details and of build-
ings themselves. The continuous line pro-
duced by the luminous glass tube lends
itself naturally to this form of decoration.
A very pleasing effect, for instance, is
achieved in the color cap on the Carthay
Circle Theater, Los Angeles, where a
basket weave of neon tubes is placed over
the topmost dome of the tower.

The manufacture of neon signs is largely
a glass blower job and requires accurate
and painstaking work. Designs are made
by the artist and enlarged to the actual size
of the sign on sheets of asbestos, to be used
by the glass blower in moulding his glass
tubing to the required shape. The tubes
are blown in lengths approximately 10 feet
long apiece, a number of these lengths be-
ing necessary sometimes for the completion
of a large letter or ornament. Where por-
tions of the tube are to be blocked off, as for
isolating the dot on an "i," the tube is cov-
ered with black paint which excludes the
light.

The tubes are served from transformers
usually encased in the sheet metal of the
sign and carefully grounded and insulated.
Although the neon tube is dependent upon

[Turn to Page 61. Column 2]

TEMPERING ORGAN PIPES

Qo&ert 7? Orr-^?f<S?

O BE confronted with a new prob-
lem and, often after its solution,
to find it a very old one, has been
the experience of many persons
in all vocations of life.

There is ever an inherent desire on the
part of most every one of a professional
calling to publish anew, to those interested,
information that may have been almost en-
tirely forgotten or that may be buried so
deep in the accumulation of modern litera-
ture that it might not be brought to one's
attention except by the usual course of prac-
tical experience and research which, if
known in advance, would be better to avoid
than correct.

In the earliest stages of architectural de-
velopment little attention was given to the
heating and ventilation of public buildings;
especially was this true in the erection of
ecclesiastical edifices in the Middle Ages.
On account of their magnitudinal dimen-
sions and the materials of which they were
constructed, the vast amount of radiating
surfaces, coupled with their high co-effi-
cient of radiation, was probably beyond the
imagination of the builder so far as heating
and ventilating was concerned.

In addition to the radiating surfaces of
stone walls and ceilings and immense
leaded-glass windows there were the fur-
nishings which ordinarily do not amount to
much except pipe-organs and these, on
account of the great amount of metal used
in the speaking pipes, added their share to
the then unknown cause of draughts within
the building.

In buildings of great magnitude such as
the cathedrals of Europe and England and

more recently ecclesiastical edifices of
modern times in this country, there is a con-
stant movement of air within the structure,
caused principally by the upward move-
ment of warm air coming in contact with
the cooling surfaces of walls and ceilings,
causing a downward current of air which
being again warmed, will set up a rotary or
cyclonic motion, warm currents ascending
in the central part of the building and cool
currents descending near the walls. This
may be observed by placing the hand near
a window pane when there is considerable
difference between the interior and exterior
temperatures.

It has been observed that these air cur-
rents are more pronounced in the vicinity
of the organ and altar space and they have
produced more or less discomfort to those
attending upon the services in that part of
the building. The cause of these draughts,
so ordinarily called, has been little under-
stood and, if at all, received no advanced
remedial treatment.

This condition has been ever-present
wherever vast quantities of metallic sub-
stances have been accumulated. All metal,
being a good conductor, will store up the
low temperatures and by conduction
quickly release the temperature to warm air
by a well-known natural law which tends to
the equalization of temperatures from a
higher to a lower or vice versa.

The functioning of an evangelical church
usually groups the choir about the organ
and the pulpit nearby. If the church has a
lofty ceiling the organ may be elevated
about the choir. The proximity of choir to
the organ is then ideally located so as to

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

May, 1928

WILSHIRE BOULEVARD CHRISTIAN CHURCH,

LOS ANGELES

Robert H. Orr, Architect

receive the full force of the draughts, much
to their discomfort. The usual effect upon
the audience, when it observes the mem-
bers of the choir wearing overcoats and
wraps, is to produce an imaginary cold feel-
ing even though the remainder of the build-
ing may be amply warmed.

The First Presbyterian Church of Pasa-
dena and the Wilshire Boulevard Christian
Church in Los Angeles have quite recently
been obliged to correct choir space
draughts, but others that are seriously
affected do not understand the source of
their trouble. In the First Baptist Church
direct heat was forced into the organ
chamber.

Further experiments are being conducted
to overcome draughts caused by the stone
around the baptistry which remains cold
and chills the air. It is proposed to use cur-
tains for this purpose.

In the Wilshire Boulevard Christian
Church heat was introduced into the organ

blower room from which the organ blower
forced tempered air through the sounding
pipes and organ chest. Direct heat was also
introduced into the organ chamber, just
back of the display pipes in front of the
swell boxes. In addition to this a curtain
was placed just back of the display pipes
so as to control the currents of air and the
whole organ chamber was attached to an
exhaust system so as to obtain a constant
movement in a single direction. In each
case the apparent trouble has been over-
come and the results are very satisfactory.

Windowless Buildings Maybe

ITTLE specks of dust may not be visible
to the human eye at times but they
raise havoc with telephone service, accord-
ing to experts of the local telephone com-
pany who have been eagerly following the
results of special laboratory tests being con-

ORGAN LOFT, FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, PASADENA

Carleton M. Winslovv, Architect; Frederick Kennedy, Jr.,

Associated Architect

May, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND LNCINEER,

ducted by the American Telephone and
Telegraph Company.

The company has obtained the co-opera-
tion of scientists with the American Society
of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, the
United States Bureau of Mines and other
agencies which have been conducting ex-
periments in telephone buildings in the
larger cities to learn the amount of air and
dust coming through the sills of closed win-
dows, to relative effects of pumping in air
and washing or filtering it, the amount of
heat and air flow through various types of
walls and other interesting problems.

Conclusions derived from these tests
which were described in detail in this maga-
zine (February, 1928) will be an important
factor in deciding the future building pro-
gram of the company in the construction of
new buildings throughout the United States
and may lead to windowless buildings as far
as the exchanges are concerned, it was stated.
The company has been confronted by the
problem of halting the drift of dust, even
through closed windows, and which ac-
cumulates among sensitive instruments,
coils and miles of wire in the exchanges
used to handle long distance calls. Dust,
being a poor insulator, upsets the balance
between resistance capacity and inductance
which must be maintained for efficient re-
sults, it was explained.

In tests on four windows and with vari-
ous types of weather strips, it was found
that the weather strips reduced the amount
of air coming through the sills in variations
up to 50 per cent, while locking the win-
dows reduced the amount of air coming in
by 10 per cent. The window sills and frames
are made of metal which is required by the
fire laws. Air pumped into the rooms by
ventilating fans was tested before and after
washing and filtering and it was found that
in both cases the dust content was smaller
than that in the air blowing through the
sills.

In other tests, the amount of air flowing
through various types of walls was deter-
mined. It was found that a frame wall with
laths and plaster on the inside, paper is
effective in keeping out air and similarly
aided in retaining heat within the building.

Paint performed a similar function in re-
tarding the flow of air and heat and this
applied particularly to brick, which is
porous. Heat went through a sheet metal
wall by transmission but when some form
of insulation, like cork, was used, the heat
flow was reduced while air spaces in be-
tween separate walls cut down both the air
and heat flow.

NEON LIGHTING

[Concluded from Pa^e 57]

a high voltage (10,000 volts) the amperage
is only 27 milliamps. Special transformers
have been designed for use with this type of
equipment.

Increasing uses of neon lighting, possibly
even in other fields, will continue to be
found. Of the progress made in the short
time since its first commercial application
here in the West there can only be said one
thing: it has been almost phenomenal. To
neon lighting can be credited the introduc-
tion of a new color to illumination, a color
which is reflecting itself in the increased
use of electricity in all types of sign and
decorative lighting, so that our cities were
never so brilliant as they are — tonight.

CHANGE OF POLICY

Editor The Architect and Engineer,
San Francisco:

Prior to January of this year you received, complimentary
or as an exchange, The Journal of the American Institute
of Architects.

Since January the magazine has changed management and
it is now issued direct by the American Institute of
Architects.

It has an unusual program. There will be no advertising
in its pages and the magazine will be sold at cost. It will be
produced at $5 a year and the subscription will be $5 a year
($6 a year in other countries). As the subscriptions increase
the additional revenue will be put into the magazine. There
will be no profits, dividends, or similar returns.

With much regret the complimentary and exchange lists
have been suspended until a larger subscription list warrants
otherwise.

Sincerely yours,
E. C. Kemper,

Executive Secretarv.

PORTFOLIO OF
WATER COLOR SKETCHES

Rrndrring bv Roland H. Crawford

MAIN ENTRANCE TO REFECTORY, POMONA COLLEGE, CALIFORNIA

WEBER & SPAULDING, ARCHITECTS

May, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

Rendering by Roland H. Crawford

REFECTORY COURT YARD, MEN'S DORMITORY, POMONA COLLEGE

WEBER & SPAULDING, ARCHITECTS

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

May, 1921

Rendering by Roland H. Crawford

TOWER FROM MAIN ENTRANCE MEN'S DORMlTORY,POMONA COLLEGE

WEBER & SPAULDING, ARCHITECTS

.Ma.\, L92S

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

6.5

Rendering by Roland H. Crawford

TOWER FROM MAIN ENTRANCE MENS DORMITORY. POMONA COLLEGE

WEBER & SPAULDIN'G, ARCHITECTS

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

.May, 1928

LIABILITY OF ARCHITECT
FOR EXTRA WORK

By Leslie Chi Ids

S A GENERAL proposition of law, an
architect is bound to possess and

O?^ exercise the care and skill in the
drawing of plans and specifications, as is
usually possessed and exercised by other
members of his profession. It follows, if he
falls short in these respects, and injury re-
sults from his incompetency, or lack of care,
he may incur liability therefor.

However, in the absence of a special con-
tract, an architect does not warrant his plans
are perfect, nor a satisfactory result from
following them. And if the result is dis-
appointing, through no fault of the archi-
tect, he may not be saddled with liability
therefor. The application of this rule is
illustrated in an interesting manner in the
Oregon case of White vs. Pallay, 247 Pac.
316, which arose under the following facts:

In this case the plaintiff was employed as
an architect to draw the plans and specifica-
tions for the erection of a building, and to
superintend the construction work. Follow-
ing the completion of the building, a dispute
arose between the parties relative to the
fee due the plaintiff which culminated in
the instant action.

The plaintiff claimed a fee of $3545.55,
less a credit of $1200, which he had been
paid. The defendant countered, among
other things, with a demand for damages,
caused by the alleged failure of the plaintiff
to exercise ordinary care in drawing the
plans. In support of this the defendant in-
troduced evidence to the effect that after
the building was well under way it began to
settle, and that extra work in the sum of
$1700 was required to enlarge foundation.

On this state of facts, the defendant con-
tended the extra work was required because
of the failure of the plaintiff to take proper
account of the character of the soil, when
the foundation plans were executed. The
case was tried by the court, without a jury,
and resulted in findings of fact and con-
clusions of law in favor of the plaintiff for
the full amount of his claim. The defendant

appealed and the higher court, in reviewing
the record, said :

"Without dispute, after construction of
the building had proceeded to a consider-
able extent, it began to settle and it became
necessary to take measures to arrest this con-
dition. Accordingly, the walls were shored
up by means of jackscrews and the like, the
foundation was enlarged and its strength in-
creased, all at a necessary expense of about
$1700.

"The theory of the defendant is that he
contracted for plans and specifications
which, when carried out, would produce a
certain agreed result. In substance, his posi-
tion is that the plaintiff warranted that his
plans and specifications would produce that
result, and, because they failed and required
amendment, and betterment of the founda-
tion became necessary, the plaintiff must
respond in damages. . . ."

The court in stating its conclusions,
among other things, said :

"There is nothing in the record indicating
that the plaintiff gave any warranty as to
the results of his plans and specifications.
Warranties must be complied with strictly,
and must be true as stated at all hazards. . . .

"In the instant case, the question is about
whether the foundation of the building was
sufficient, considering the nature of the
ground upon which it was erected, and
there is testimony from which the trier of
the fact could determine that the plaintiff
exercised reasonable care and diligence in
the examination of the site and in the prep-
aration of his plans and specifications. This
being true in point of fact, as found beyond
our power to gainsay, the plaintiff per-
formed his full duty and is not liable in
damages. . . ."

In conclusion, the court affirmed the
judgment of the trial court in favor of the
plaintiff for the amount claimed to be due.
Holding, as outlined in the opinion, that
the mere fact that the result of following
the plans and specifications was not as
defendant anticipated, and required extra
work to strengthen the foundation, could
not be used as a basis for damages against
the plaintiff, when the evidence showed the
latter had exercised due skill and care.

May, 1928

unp,

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

****

^Mssmssm

ENTRANCE PORTICO, LOS ANGELES CITY HALL, LOS ANGELES

JOHN C. AUSTIN, JOHN PARKINSON AND AIBERT C. MARTIN, ASSOCIATED ARCHITECTS

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

.May. 1928

£?iH-H " ■■ Tr^P" 7 7

:1L^ — 1_

_L'_l_'jL'_| .„ I """ °" "" Hf "i-^l r- -j*

PIG.5T fLOOE PLAN

GR.OUND FLOOR. PLAN

PLANS, LOS ANGELES CITY HALL, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA

JOHN C. AUSTIN, JOHN PARKINSON AND ALBERT C. MARTIN, ASSOCIATED ARCHITECTS

Ma.v, IDl'S

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

DETAIL OF ENTRANCE ARCADE, LOS ANGELES CITY HALL

JOHN C. AUSTIN, JOHN PARKINSON AND ALBERT C. MARTIN, ASSOCIATED ARCHITECTS

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

May, 1928

3X)ND FlOOQ P.

TWENTY-THieD FLOOR PL

ITTf

NINETEENTH & TWENTIETH FL PL

_DOB. PL

twenty- n rrn floob dl

Tnicxi flooe plan

PLANS, LOS ANGELES CITY HALL, LOS ANGELES

|o!l\ C. AUSTIN, JOHN PARKINSON AND ALBERT C. MARTIN, ASSOCIATED ARCHITECTS

May, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

ARCADE OF FORECOURT, LOS ANGELES CITY HALL, LOS ANGELES

JOHN C. AUSTIN, JOHN PARKINSON AND ALBERT C. MARTIN, ASSOCIATED ARCHITECTS

.Max. 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

ELEVATOR LOBBY. LOS ANGELES CITY HALL. LOS ANGELES

JOHN C. AUSTIN. JOHN PARKINSON AND ALBERT C. MARTIN. ASSOCIATED ARCHITECTS

May, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENCINLXR

*nmH—aMHmmm^mammmmmKKmm^mk

ROTUNDA, LOS ANGELES CITY HALL, LOS ANGELES

JOHN C. AUSTIN, JOHN PARKINSON AND ALBERT C. MARTIN, ASSOCIATED ARCHITECTS

May, L928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

SOUTH LOBBY, LOS ANGELES CITY HALL, LOS ANGELES

JOHN C. AUSTIN, JOHN PARKINSON AND ALBERT C. MARTIN, ASSOCIATED ARCHITECTS

1 ,/ho.

May, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND FJMCINIZR.

RAftf

Special Florentine Executive Desk designed by Stow-Davis; Installation by Los Angeles Desk Company

THE MAYOR'S OFFICE, LOS ANGELES CITY HALL, LOS ANGELES

JOHN C. AUSTIN, JOHN PARKINSON AND ALBERT C. MARTIN, ASSOCIATED ARCHITECTS

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

NJI

GRACE CATHEDRAL, SAX FRANCISCO. CALIFORNIA

LEWIS P. HOBART, ARCHITECT; CRAM & FERGUSON. CONSULTING ARCHITECTS

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

May, 1928

EAST ELEVATION, GRACE CATHEDRAL, SAN FRANCISCO
LEWIS P. HOBART, ARCHITECT; CRAM & FERGUSON, CONSULTING ARCHITECTS

May, L928

ARCHITECT

AND LNCINEER,

Timbrel Tile Vaulting by R. Gustavino Co.

GRACE CATHEDRAL, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA

LEWIS P. HOBART, ARCHITECT; CRAM & FERGUSON, CONSULTING ARCHITECTS

'Me,

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

May. 1928

SECTION THROUGH NAVE, GRACE CATHEDRAL. SAN FRANCISCO

LEWIS P. HOBART, ARCHITECT; CRAM & FERGUSON, CONSULTING ARCHITECTS

May, HH2S

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

CHAPEL OF GRACE CATHEDRAL, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA

LEWIS P. HOBART, ARCHITECT; CRAM & FERGUSON, CONSULTING ARCHITECTS

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

May, 1928

SOUTH ELEVATION, GRACE CATHEDRAL. TRANSEPT AND CHAPEL, SAN FRANCISCO
LEWIS P. HOBART, ARCHITECT; CRAM Si FERGUSON, CONSULTING ARCHITECTS

May, L928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

£ouIh <3[ransrpi *
|W* (jfaihrDraL»£an 3«ranrisro +

"tewis flxrjons'ftchsrt * rrhifprl.

fftair. 2ir:yj;:3'i (fons'lto Arrhiferis.

SOUTH TRANSEPT, GRACE CATHEDRAL, SAN FRANCISCO

LEWIS P. HOBART, ARCHITECT; CRAM & FERGUSON, CONSULTING ARCHITECTS

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

May, 1928

ELEVATION AND SECTION, GRACE CATHEDRAL, SAN FRANCISCO
LEWIS P. HOBART, ARCHITECT; CRAM & FERGUSON, CONSULTING ARCHITECTS

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

H'i

AISLE VIEW, GRACE CATHEDRAL, SAX FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA

LEWIS P. HOBART, ARCHITECT; CRAM & FERGUSON, CONSULTING ARCHITECTS

M;i\. L928

ARCHITECT

AND LNCINLXR,

T. Ronneberg, Structural Engineer

TEMPLE METHODIST CHURCH AND WILLIAM TAYLOR HOTEL, SAN FRANCISCO

LEWIS P. HOBART, ARCHITECT

May, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENCINIXR,

RED CROSS HOSPITAL, SHOWING NEW WING, SAN MATEO

LEWIS P. HOBART, ARCHITECT

May, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ELNCINEXR.

Hollywood Exhibit Architectural Award

Clarke Photo

COURTYARD, PUBLIC LIBRARY, PASADENA, CALIFORNIA

MYRON HUNT AND H. C. CHAMBERS, ARCHITECTS

May, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

• - - --- • A.-

"TfejlJfttiTuuiiUi

Bollywood Architectural League Award

HENRY E. HUNTINGTON LIBRARY, SAN MARINO, CALIFORNIA
MYRON HUNT AND H. C. CHAMBERS, ARCHITECTS

Four Phages oC Design in

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTVRE

MONG the many and varied
kinds of work which the land-
scape architect is called upon to
do, let us consider four import-
ant phases of landscape design. They will
be discussed in sequence, from the smallest
to the largest, in size and importance. They
are the small garden for the city and subur-
ban lot, the country estate, the outdoor thea-
ter and the park endowed by nature. The
city park, the playground and the subdi-
vision are not here under consideration,
for while each of these may be developed
to a very high degree of usefulness and
beauty, yet all are bound by many limi-
tations which tend to lead away from
the ideal. In the first four phases men-
tioned we will gradually swing away
from the confined and cramped places of
of the city to pleasant regions of rolling
hills and valleys, to the forests, the moun-
tains and the sea; and away from the inti-
mate contact with colorful, small-scaled
gardens to those vast silent places where
nature comfortingly enfolds us and awak-
ens in us a reverent response to all of her
moods.

The small garden is important because
it ministers to daily human needs and sat-
isfies hunger for an environment of living,
growing, fragrant plant life. It deserves
as great care in design as an object of jew-
elry or a beautiful rug, both of which re-
semble it; and should be as painstakingly
planned as the home which it surrounds.
We have long since passed the stage where
we will permit a contractor to lay out a col-
lection of rooms with the privilege of ex-

pressing his poverty of feeling as to har-
monious arrangement, in the design of a
house to be lived in and loved. We go in-
stead to the architect, whose technical train-
ing and worth as an artist are recognized.
If we would avoid a similar blind confu-
sion in the garden, a patchwork of forms,
textures and colors, without harmony, bal-
ance, rhythm, scale or repose — we must
also seek the landscape architect, who has
made years of sacrifice in mastering his art.
If the scale and general design of the small
garden are right, it can suggest bigness and
simplicity of feeling and a generous im-
pulse. What would home mean to all those
who cherish their own abiding places, with-
out the garden — a space for work, play,
recreation and contemplation; where the
body is free to grow, the mind to expand,
the heart to warm and the soul to rise re-
newed? But the garden which can assure
these reactions will bear the impress of a
thoroughly good design.

The private estate in the country offers
the designer a wealth of fascinating prob-
lems, the right solution of which will in-
sure pleasure and satisfaction for the owner
and all who visit his grounds. An efficient
circulation system of walks, drives and
parking spaces is necessary. These must
seem to be in logical and natural situations
and never too obtrusive. Among the inter-
esting features included are lawns and
hedges, shrubbery and tree masses, flower
borders, vines, creepers, ground cover's, and
orchards — all growing things. In contrast
there are walls and steps, terraces and bal-
ustrades, paved areas and garden retreats,

100

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

May, 1!>28

temples and pavilions, arbors and pergolas,
pools for ornament and swimming, creeks
and bridges, garden theaters and game
courts. The latter series includes structural
features almost exclusively and they, to-
gether with the walks and drives connect-
ing them, form the anatomical structure of
the design. All of these are enriched and
softened by the plan materials which lend
their grace, form, texture, color and scale
to the ensemble. The greatest merit of the
private estate is its spaciousness, which in-
vites thecreationof generous effects, through
the use of tree and shrub masses in large
units. Vistas of valleys, lakes, hills or moun-
tains beyond the limits of the property, give
scope for distant focal points expressing no-
bility or charm, which may be accented,
emphasized and framed by the silhouettes
of trees growing within the estate, or, by
major axes, consisting of walks, canals, or
grass and hedge lanes. In these greater

GARDEN FOR E. J. HENDERSON

SAN FRANCISCO

Earle B. Bertz, Architect

Emerson Knight, Landscape Architect

gardens birds can be quite at home and other
wild life abound. Through the happy dis-
position of all the related parts, expressing
unity, a feeling of friendliness and hospi-
tality can be created, thus making for quiet
pleasure or revery. The estate is a phase
of landscape design which has been so
carefully studied for centuries, that we have
matured many splendid and noble exam-
ples, notably in England, Italy, Spain, and
America. The estate offers especially a
place for tranquil rest, for healthful sport,
for gardening as a joyous recreation and for
a renewal of the mind and spirit.

The open-air theater is already import-
ant in California and potentially is a great
factor in the outdoor life and healthful I
recreation of our people. The private form
of garden theater serves social needs for
the small drama, for music, and the dance.
The larger form, designed for the public,
offers a wide range of uses for the commun-
ity. We now have quite a number of sites
serving for pageants, Easter sunrise serv-
ices, Thanksgiving services and plays. A
considerable portion of these are of a rug-
ged, informal type, on mountain or hill
tops, in the desert, or by lake or forest.
Among the most representative examples,
are The Mountain Theater on Mt. Tamal-
pais, Mt. Rubidoux near Riverside, the
Mt. Helix Nature Theater near San Diego
and the Hollywood Bowl. These range in
seating capacity from a few hundred up to
about 50,000 for the Hollywood Bowl. The :
formal or architectural types are admirably
used for the drama, dancing, opera, sym-
phony, oratorio, pageants, memorial rites, ,
public speeches and rallies. The great sta-
diums serve at times for a number of these
kinds of entertainment. The most notable
theaters of the Greek form are at Berkeley,
on the Campus of the University of Cali-
fornia, at Point Loma, near San Diego and i
at Pomona College. Great merit of design
is evidenced among the best of these thea-
ters, which are wonderfully well adapted
to their sites, and comfortable, with good
acoustics. On our warm summer nights
such theaters promise the possibility of es-

May. 1928

unp,

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

101

thetic enjoyment of a high order, to be
partaken of in pure, moving air, under the
open sky, in an environment of gently sway-
ing trees and imbued with their pungency
and fragranee. This enjoyment ean be at-
tended with a eonsiderable degree of bodily
comfort, especially if the seats are right
and the audience clothed warmly enough
for average night air. All outdoor theaters
should fit their topography and environ-
ment perfectly. There are problems of in-
gress and egress, of the stage and dressing
rooms, of seating and lighting, of parking
and plant environment. Last, but not least,
the control of distant panoramas whenever
the site commands them. Here, indeed, is
a very rich field for the landscape architec-
tural designer.

Fourthly we enter the wide realm of nat-
ural parks, which may be owned and ad-
ministered by a county, the state, or the
nation. Such parks may include hills and
mountains, forests, coast lands, lake and
swamp lands, and even desert areas. Those
now owned by the United States govern-
ment include, especially, areas distinguish-
ed by noble or extraordinary scenery and
topography, unusual geological formations
and magnificent forests. The parks thus
far acquired by the State of California con-
sist largely of redwood forests bordering
creek or river courses and along the Red-
wood Highway, and, to a large extent have
been preserved due to the splendid influence
and constructive work of the Save-the-Red-
woods League. It has been the writer's
privilege to serve in the study of the mani-
fold advantages of potential park areas, in
defining their logical boundaries and their
relation to stream courses, the ocean, for-
ests and highways ; he has surveyed and de-
signed roads and trails for special purposes,
chiefly the purpose of scenic enjoyment in
primeval areas, without hurry. It is signifi-
cant that such roads and trails should inti-
mate sequence like the flow of a story, with
its phrases, sentences and paragraphs lead-
ing the explorer along in the most natural
and zest-giving manner. The grades should
be comfortable and the most interesting or
impressive features enroute need to be care-

ful ly woven into the design. Another work
has involved the selection of sites for mem-
orial monuments, determining also the char-
acter, size and orientation of the monu-
ments, and finally, establishing the accom-
panying planting of native ferns trees, and
shrubs and ground covers. Among the few
monuments well placed thus far in State-
arks, perhaps the best examples are those
in the redwood groves dedicated to Frank-
lin K. Lane, to Senator Charles N. Felton,
and to Col. Henry Solon Graves. All are
unobtrusively situated with simple planting
and a noble background of sequoias. To
assure such monuments fitness, it is desira-
ble to use stone in its natural state and fin-
ish, unhewn by man and procure it from
the immediate vicinity when possible.
Another kind of construction sometimes
needful is the stone fireplace for camping
and picnicking. If well designed it will be
bold, rugged, simple and effective and may

WOODLAND THEATRE

HILLSBOROUGH, CALIFORNIA

Willis Polk & Co., Architects

Emerson Knight, Landscape Architect

Lewis P. Hobart, Advisory and Bakewell & Brown. Architects

102

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

May, 1M28

also serve for the safe burning of brush and
rubbish, thus making for cleanliness and
order. In the development of natural park
areas, the greatest need is to preserve beauty
in its natural state but at the same time ren-
der otherwise hidden beauty accessible by
means of roads and trails primitive in feel-
ing. It is one of the highest functions of
the landscape architect to design and de-
velop the necessary means of access to veil-
ed beauty, so that it may be enjoyed with-
out the thoughts of man's seemingly having
taken part in uniting such retiring roads
and trails with the wilder form of scenery.
We are fortunate in now having in Califor-
nia a State Park Commission, only recently
appointed, the members of which are men
endowed with a high sense of the vital
meaning of their work and the park needs
of the State. They are men of great worth,
eminently fitted for such a trust. Their
plans include a careful survey of potential

NATIVE PLANTING AND GROUND COVER

REINSTATED ABOUT THE MONUMENT TO

FRANKLIN K. LANE, IN LANE GROVE

HUMBOLDT COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

Emerson Knight, Landscape Architect

State parks and the gradual acquiring of
new park areas together with adequate pro-
tection and efficient administration after
the lands are deeded to the State. We may
look forward with confidence to a future
ample group of State parks.

The various types of work mentioned in
considering these four phases of design in
landscape art may have helped the reader
to grasp what a range of equipment the
landscape profession must have in order to
do justice to its clients. There must be
faithfulness in little things, far seeing vis-
ion in the greater ones, with integrity, devo-
tion and enthusiasm in all. There must be
the feeling of friendliness toward the client,
an interest in his dreams and hopes, and
steadfast reverence for art and nature. It
is good to have the social and cultural ad-
vantages of cities and of compact smaller
communities, and, at the same time sur-
round our homes and institutions with such
gardens as may stir in our imaginations pic-
tures of the larger, more rugged and more
beautiful country lying beyond them. For
those in more fortunate circumstances it is
splendid to plan and develop country es-
tates, where life may seem to flow with less
haste and be crowned with gifts alike for
the owner and his friends and kin. The
landscape development here will be more
closely related to the spacious country
which surrounds the estate and great pic-
tures may be unfolded through the compo-
sition of the generous scheme. The out-
door theater can be enjoyed both in the city j
and country, its success depending entirely
upon its design, fitness for its purpose, its -
scale, and environment of plant materials.
It is not possible to measure its value, for
the body and mind, for influences of spirit-
ual trend, and for the welfare of all who
believe in brotherhood and the community
spirit. But all of us aspire at some time
of each year to go far into wild places, away
from cities and all evidences of man's oc-
cupation— to those regions where we can
be at one with the elements and build our-
selves anew from the earth and sky, the
wind, the sea and the forest, each in its
primitive freedom and glory.

A KEW TYPE OF
STEEL FRAME BVlLDlMO

S>y Car/ c/^ Mep/oa/e ** C*'C5'

NEW method of steel construc-
tion in which the floors of build-
ings are carried on a series of
solid hot-rolled steel supporting

beams, is under way at the corner of Thirty
first Avenue and East Fourteenth Street,
Oakland, California. This construction eli-
minates the serious consequences resulting
from shrinkage of wood joists heretofore
used in multiple story buildings.

Some recent changes in building con-
struction have made it possible to erect
more substantial buildings at lower cost to waste.
the owners than in the past. Advancement With steel
in this direction is due to the combination
of materials that have evolutionized the in-
dustry. No doubt the most recent improve-
ment to industry is the introduction of these
light hot-rolled floor beams.

The manufacture of steel beam joists was
also brought about, no doubt, to satisfy the
builder and owner against fire and earth-
quake hazard
and for these
reasons there
has b e en a
tendency to
use steel. The
adaptability of
steel and its
many salient
features over
other building
materials, have
inspired the
manufacturer
of steel to create
many new
shapes and
types of hot-
rolled steel
that can now
serve practic-
ally every pur-

pose from the popular-priced residences to
the largest office building.

With lumber and forest reserves getting
less each year, steel is actually being used
where it was not considered a year or so
ago. Lumber is used in concrete form con-
struction and while the amount of lumber
used for this purpose is unquestionably
large, there is the added waste after a con-
crete building is finished; that is, lumber
that does not even remain in the building
after it is finished, but is hauled away as

STEEL FRAME, BUILDING FOR J. W
OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA

the opposite is true. Steel
sections are manufactured the exact
lengths as required in the building, at the
rolling mill, and there is no waste.

In the building at East Fourteenth Street
and Thirty-first Avenue, the floors are of
concrete, poured on a metal form. There is
no dangerous work of removing wood
forms from the flat floor slabs. This saves

time and labor,
and time and
labor represent
money.

The concrete
slab is sup-
ported on the
steel beam
joists, 24 - inch
centers, that are
fireproofed un-
derneath with
another metal
form, concrete
and gypsum.
This saves
time, labor, and
also fire and
earthquake in-
surance, be-
cause the insur-

[Turn to Page 106]
103

HELM

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

SINCE 1905

An illustrated monthly magazine of Architecture, Engineering and
Allied Arts and Crafts.

The publishers disclaim any responsibility for statements made in
the advertisements of this magazine. Member of the Western
Business Papers Association.

Yearly subscription in advance to all parts of the United States,
$3.00 ; Canada, $4.00 ; Foreign, $4.50 ; Single Copies 50 cents.

Publication Office:

1662 RUSS BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO

Telephones Douglas 1828 - 1829

Vol. 93

MAY, 1928

No. 2

The Evil of Free Lay 'Outs

JT2

RCHITECTS who still accept lay-
outs from contractors, manufacturers
and supply houses instead of employing
engineers for the information, will appre-
ciate the following article published in a
recent number of Western Plumber. It
brings home our oft-repeated warning that
the architectural profession cannot hope to
obtain something for nothing and retain its
professional dignity. When architects be-
gin to accept favors from the trade they
are laying the foundations of bad practice
which sooner or later will bring their office
into disrepute. If architects are not suffi-
ciently familiar with plumbing, heating
and electrical requirements to personally
write their specifications, they should em-
ploy a mechanical engineer, rather than
trust to the advice of a manufacturer or
wholesale house.

Specifications or lay-outs furnished gratis
invariably are so worded that an outside
bidder has little chance of getting the job
nor is there much hope of an outside ma-
terial man selling his goods. The fellow
who prepares the lay-out sees to that. He
has to be paid for his time and brains some
way, and that some way is to fix the speci-
fications so his firm will be awarded the

104

contract. The architect saves himself the
engineer's commission but the client pays,
since competition has been stifled. If, by
chance, the manufacturer or contractor that
furnished the lay-out slips up on the job
and his competitor gets it, maybe through
friendship, there is sure to follow hard feel-
ings toward the architect as the following
story from Portland demonstrates:

"O. E. Kraft of the Standard Plumbing and Heat-
ing Company, Portland, Oregon, is all through leaving
a heating lay-out for the consideration of the architect.
A lay-out is still made for each proposed job, but a
recent incident showed Kraft the wisdom of keeping
this draft for his own exclusive use.

"An architect asked him to prepare plans for a
heating plant for a small building. This was done and
at the architect's request he left the plans for the pros-
pective customer to consider until he decided about the
heating system.

"Several times Kraft called the architect and was
always answered that no decision had been made, but
that he would probably get the job. Then one day he
happened to be in the neighborhood where the structure
was to be built. It was in progress. He walked in.
There were loose pipes and fittings and radiators about,
ready to go in. There were men evidently working on
the heating plant.

"Tacked to the wall was the plan from which they
worked. It was his own, the very one he had left
with the architect.

"This, he decided, was no place for a plan of his.
He took it off the wall, folded it, put it in his pocket
and departed. No one saw him. He said nothing.

"A few days later he had a phone call from the
architect. Could Mr. Kraft prepare a new sketch of
the proposed heating plant for the builder, who would
surely decide — and favorably — in a few days? Mr.
Kraft could— for $25.00.

"The architect howled with pain and spoke of the
absurdity of anyone but an architect charging for plans.
He argued. He pointed to the utter asininity of such
an idea. He coaxed. Finally in despair he hung up.

"Four days later the architect called again and asked
that Mr. Kraft bring the plan. Had he $25.00 ready?
He had. Kraft delivered the plan, collected the money
and in parting remarked generously, 'You can keep
it. I don't expect to get the job. You see, that's the
same copy your crew of cut-throats were working by. I

May, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

Views and Events

N ARCHITKCTURAL work is not
complete when the contractor has re-

moved his rubbish, washed the windows,
and left the premises "broom clean." The
simplest and most impersonal scheme re-
quires some sort of fittings and furnishings.
Quite irrespective of the merits of the
"architecture1' as customarily understood,
an ensemble may be made or marred accord-
ing as the implications of this "architecture"
are fulfilled or denied by these secondary
"decorative" details. This is why results
are likely to be at best no more than passable
unless the building is completed by or under
the direct supervision of its creator.

Obviously an architect cannot personally
design all the multifarious objects that enter
into a finished piece of work. He relies per-
force upon numerous workers in allied
fields — painters, sculptors, metal workers,
makers of furniture, fabrics, etc. If in this
part of the work he is limited to assembling
materials from Grand Rapids, New York,
or Europe, we may achieve sporadic tours
de force which are impressive; but our art
will none the less be sterile. Art which is
the expression of a community's experience,
art with the breath and blood of life, potent
to procreate, can be had only when the
architect is sustained by local crafts and

industries.

* * * *

Recognizing this truth, the San Fran-
cisco Society of Women Artists and the
Women's City Club of San Francisco spon-
sored the first exhibition of local decorative
and applied art during April.

If the show was really an index of the
community's creative capacity in craftsman-
ship and industrial art, it must be admitted
that the architect is in a poor way to find the
understanding and support he requires.

There was good decorative painting and
sculpture. Textiles and rugs had regrettably
slight representation. Metal work evinced
more attention to hammer marks than to
design. Pottery, glass, etc., were scarce and
undistinguished. Two omissions were par-

ticularly disappointing the total absence
of locally designed and made furniture;
and the almost total absence of industrial
art properly so-called. The latter category,
which assumes preponderant importance
under modern conditions, was represented
solely by two exhibits of clay tiles.

Why was this? There may have been
possible exhibitors whom invitations failed
to reach, or who did not choose to run.
Whatever the reason, one sensed little recog-
nition of the real problem. Design, crafts-
manship, architectural co-operation, are
serious matters. From all these points of
view there was too much trifling — often
pretty enough, perhaps, but dilettante for all
that. We need craftsmen to whom a fold-
ing screen is as important a matter as a
riveted gusset is to a steel erector.

For these very reasons the show deserved
attention. It is useful to be required to con-
sider shortcomings. It is to be hoped that
it proves a precedent for a recognized
annual clearing-house. Those who labored
hard and unselfishly for this first realiza-
tion deserve the fullest gratitude for their
efforts, and above all, better support in

future years.

* * * *

California cities are seeking effective
expression for their political importance.
With the completion of the Los Angeles
City Hall we have the fourth important
civic structure to be built in recent years.
We refer particularly to seats of municipal
government. Obviously the inclusion of
libraries, auditoriums, etc., not to mention
schools, would run the list out to impressive

dimensions.

* * * *

It WAS some fifteen years ago that Henry
Hornbostle finished the Oakland City Hall.
This scheme was an important innovation.
By raising a tall tower out of a low mass
covering the lot, it created a worthy civic
monument without the construction of
enormous empty volumes devoted solely to
exterior show. Unfortunately it has never
enjoyed appreciation commensurate with
its genuine merits. To a community then
only just emerging from puritanical pro-
vincialism, Mr. Hornbostle's baroque ex-

106

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

May, 1928

uberance seemed shocking and immoral.
That attitude has curiously stuck. To this
day certain regrettable, albeit superficial, ex-
cesses in handling prevent Oaklanders from
realizing that they possess an essentially fine
civic monument.

* * * *

A FEW years later Bakewell & Brown
built the San Francisco City Hall. This
building is the antithesis of its precursor
across the bay. It is a perfect embodiment
of the traditional point of view. It is an
impressive example of monumental plan-
ning in the best sense of the word. In taste
and study it leaves nothing to be desired.
And accepting a dome without argument,
there is probably not a more perfectly com-
posed and realized one in the country.
Altogether, it is a building for which San
Franciscans show pride.

A LAPSE of a few years and municipal
buildings again come to the fore. At Pasa-
dena, Bakewell & Brown are just complet-
ing the new City Hall. This building ap-
pears to be a free rendering of the conven-
tional partie. It would be unprofitable to
speak of it, however, until it receives more
adequate publication in our June number.

* * * *

The latest and perhaps the largest of the
state's new city halls is the one just com-
pleted at Los Angeles, and illustrated in the
pages of the present issue. It goes back to
the essential partie of the Oakland City
Hall — a tower of small area rising out of
a low mass covering the lot. In this build-
ing, which considerably exceeds the muni-
cipal height limitation, the city has a
commanding monument to symbolize its
majesty as long as private commercial struc-
tures are kept down to the present level.

STEEL FRAME BUILDINGS

[Concluded from Page 103]

These steel floor beams are compact, due
to an ingenious connection device to the
main supporting beams, bringing them in
the same level floor plane, thus effecting
savings in the height of a building as every
foot of height costs money.

Steel is an elastic material, also the
strongest and most homogeneous material
in commercial use. It will also stand more
abuse, its weight in relation to its strength
being also less than any other material.

Not only does the building on East Four-
teenth Street have a higher value than other
forms of construction, but the structure can
be easily altered to accommodate change of
tenant. The salvage value of steel beams is
high and they could be easily moved, and
even the store fronts could be changed to
suit any type of store front a tenant might
desire, because the weight of the building is
carried on steel columns, which occupy a
minimum of space, and allow a maximum
of glass display fronts.

Another feature that has justified the con-
sideration of the builder is that there is a
substantial saving in the salvaging of all
steel buildings; also if the occasion demands
a dismantling or increasing the size of the
building, a much lower cost is involved
over practically all other types.

We are making big progress in the United
States where space is a factor in our modern
buildings, this being a direct contrast to the
ancients who built the Pyramids almost
solid, in order to support the weight, conse-
quently how many offices or stores could be
rented in a Pyramid?

The architect and engineer of the build-
ing illustrated is Thomas Keenan and the
contractors, the California Builders and the
Judson-Pacific Company. J. W. Helm is
the owner.

ance companies grant a much lower earth-
quake insurance rate on steel frame build-
ings than on any other type of building in
the fire districts of our cities.

SACRAMENTO EAGLES BUILDING

Plans have been completed by Coffman, Saulberg
& Stafford, Plaza Building, Sacramento, for a three-
story steel and brick lodge building at Fifteenth and
K streets, Sacramento, for the Sacramento Lodge of
Eagles at an estimated cost of $85,000. The same
architects have completed plans for a new school build-
ing at Walnut Creek and one at Fair Oaks, California.

May, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

107

"SEE AMERICA FIRST"

in alreadj sizeable list of traveling scholarships
in architecture lias been materially added to
during the last two months by the announcement of
two more competitions open to draftsmen. Both pro-
vide for European travel and study.

This is all very desirable and we are glad to see
these additional opportunities being offered, says Pen-
cil Points, but it occurs to us, and without in the
least disparaging the value of Old World study, that
the time is ripe for the creation of a traveling scholar-
ship, the holder of which will pursue his studies in
America.

Good architecture in profusion and variety has been
done and is being done today in our own country. It
ranges from the early American structures of New
England to the Spanish type buildings of southern
California and Florida, from the skyscrapers of New
York and other large cities to the country estates of
our millionaires. Many localities have developed
indigenous styles which, because they grew logically
from local conditions and limitations, furnish excel-
lent examples of the fundamentals of architecture.
A student who eventually hopes to practice archi-
tecture in America can unquestionably learn much
of value by paying close attention to what is going
on architecturally in different sections of the country.

It is quite true that he can keep abreast of Ameri-
can work by studying the architectural magazines,
but that, as an objection, is no more valid than to
maintain that he could gain a full knowledge of the
monuments of Europe from books and pictures.

Another objection which may occur to many who
have experienced Europe is that the student would
miss, in America, the cultural effect of the historic
and romantic atmosphere with wdiich the Continent
surrounds him. It is possible, however, that he might,
upon investigation, discover that America is not with-
out its share of history and romance and atmosphere,
even in the absence of light wines and beers. Inci-
dentally, he would learn a deal about American ma-
terials of construction and American building methods,
both of which he would later have to employ in his
work.

form Legislation has completed the second tentative
drafl of a uniform at t.

Mechanics' lien acts are in tone in all states of the
union. The\ arc tor the purpose of protecting the

claims of contractors, subcontractors, materialmen,
Laborers, and others who contribute to an improve-
ment b\ constituting the propertj improved a security
for their claims while at the same time protecting the
owner from payment of claims which, as to him,
would be unjust. Complaints have been made that
some existing laws are inequitable and that lack of
uniformity causes unnecessary expense and inconven-
ience to those who do an interstate business and to
laborers who move from state to state. At the re-
quest of various groups this advisory committee was
appointed.

The committee is composed of representatives of the
principal groups engaged in the construction industry.
The National Conference of Commissioners on Uni-
form State Laws, which is interested in all questions
of uniform state legislation and which is composed of
officially appointed delegates from each state also has
a committee studying this subject and working in close
co-operation with the Department Committee.

The first tentative draft of a Uniform Mechanics'
Lien Act was published in the fall of 1926 and dis-
tributed to individuals and organizations known to
be interested in the subject, soliciting their suggestions
and criticisms. A considerable response resulted from
this solicitation and in the light of these suggestions
which have been carefully analyzed by the committee,
the second tentative draft has been prepared.

The new draft is also to be printed and distributed
for criticism. The pamphlet will be ready within
a week or two and will be available at ten cents per
copy. Anyone desiring copies may obtain them by ad-
dressing Dan H. Wheeler, Secretary, Standard State
Mechanics' Lien Act Committee, Department of Com-
merce, Washington, D. C.

REVISED MECHANICS' LIEN ACT

Announcement is made by the Department of Com-
merce that the Committee appointed some time ago
by Secretary Herbert Hoover to study the Mechanics'
Lien Laws of the various states for the purpose of de-
termining whether the subject is susceptible of uni-

TACOMA ARCHITECTURE

(From the Pacific Builder and Engineer)

Drawing boards of Tacoma architects have produced
much that is good in architecture. This fact is sharply
emphasized by an article by Earl N. Dugan in The
Architect and Engineer, March issue, on Tacoma
Architects' honor awards. The article is illustrated with
the buildings included in Tacoma's honor award con-
test last fall — and the illustrations are a credit not only
to the architecture of the Northwest, but to the profes-
sion as well.

NEW SEASIDE HOTEL

Plans are being prepared by Benjamin G. Mc-
Dougall, architect of San Francisco, for a seaside
hotel costing approximately $200,000 at Rio del Mar,
near Aptos, Santa Cruz County. The hotel will be
Class "C" construction with brick exterior and terra
cotta tile roof. There will be approximately fifty-two
rooms besides a large dining hall, looking out on the
ocean, a lounge, coffee shop, etc. The owners of the
property are Messrs. Monroe, Lyon and Miller. They
plan to start construction this summer.

ST. IGNATIUS HIGH SCHOOL
Plans are being completed by Edward Eames, archi-
tect of San Francisco, for a three-story reinforced con-
crete parochial high school and gymnasium to be
built on Stanyan Street, San Francisco, for St. Ignatius
College. Later on a new college group is to be con-
structed in connection with the high school group, all
of the buildings centering on a quadrangle. The firm
of Barrett & Hilp is to have charge of the construc-
tion work.

CHRISTIAN SCIENCE HOME

Sketches have been approved and working drawings
started by Henry H. Gutterson, 526 Powell Street,
San Francisco, for a group of buildings to be erected
in the eighteen-acre tract bounded by Nineteenth
Avenue and Sloat Boulevard, San Francisco, for the
Christian Science Benevolent Association. More than
$1,000,000 will be expended. The largest of the
group will be a five-story reinforced concrete sani-
tarium.

COLONIAL COUNTRY HOUSE

A handsome country house is to be built at
Woodside, San Mateo County, for Leonard Ham-
mond, lumber manufacturer, from plans by Gardner
Dailey, architect of San Francisco. The house will
cost $60,000. George Wagner, Inc., are the builders.

HIGH SCHOOL GYMNASIUM
Plans are being completed by Dean & Dean, archi-
tects of Sacramento, for a $40,000 stucco gymnasium
for the Clarksburg Union High School District.

DESIGNING PHOENIX OFFICE BUILDING

Plans are being prepared by Messrs. Miller and
Pflueger, 580 Market Street, San Francisco, for a
fifteen-story Class "A" office building for a corpora-
tion headed by George L. Johnson of Phoenix, Arizona.
The building will be erected in a prominent city block
in Phoenix and the improvements will also include a
five-story Class "A" physicians' building and Class
"A" theater, the entire program to involve an expendi-
ture in excess of $3,000,000.

DEPARTMENT STORE BUILDING

Plans are being prepared in the office of John and
Donald B. Parkinson, 420 Title Insurance Building,
Los Angeles, for a building for the Bullock Depart-
ment Store at Wilshire Boulevard and West More-
land Avenue, Los Angeles. This is an addition to the
Class "A" wing of the main Bullock store, now under
construction by the P. J. Walker Company, at Sev-
enth and Hill streets, Los Angeles.

HOSPITAL AT ORANGE

The Sisters of St. Joseph are planning to duplicate
in Orange County their St. Joseph Hospital in San
Francisco, recently completed from plans by Bakewell
& Brown. The Orange structure is being designed by
Newton Ackermann of Eureka, the structural engineers
being Ellison & Russell of San Francisco. The build-
ing is to cost $375,000.

OAKLAND ARCHITECT BUSY
New work in the office of Leonard H. Ford, 1435
Harrison Street, Oakland, includes a large apartment
house for a client in Manila, a $30,000 apartment
building at Thirty-sixth Street and Telegraph, Oak-
land, for J. Fitzgerald, and new banking quarters at
Forty-sixth Street and Telegraph Avenue, Oakland,
for the Italian-American Securities Company.

NEW OAKLAND BUILDING
I. Magnin & Company are planning the construc-
tion of a tall mercantile building on property re-
cently purchased by them, 100 x 113 feet, at Twentieth
and Broadway. This firm is also about to start con-
struction on a substantial addition to its San Francisco
building, from plans by Messrs. Bliss and Fairweather.

108

May, L928

ARCHITECT
AND LNCINEER.

I0'>

PERSONALS

Walter H. Ratcliff, Jr., architect of Berkeley,
and Mrs. Ratcliff, recently enjoyed a month's trip to
Mexico.

FRED C. HERMANN, San Francisco consulting engi-
neer, has been named by the Los Angeles City Council
to a board of three engineers to make an inspection of
all municipal water dams.

William H. Weeks, Hunter-Dulin Building, Sin
Francisco, announces the removal of his San Jose office
from 246 South First Street, to Rooms 819-820 Bank
of Italy Building.

Edward G. Sheiblev, who resigned as consulting
engineer and superintendent of safety of the California
Industrial Accident Commission, has opened an office
in the Balboa Building, San Francisco, as consultant in
accident prevention and industrial management.

George MacGruer of MacGruer & Co., and
member of the San Francisco and Los Angeles Con-
tracting Plasterers' Association, is enjoying a trip
abroad. He will visit his old home in Scotland, follow-
ing which he will tour the continent, returning home
late in the summer.

Harbin Hunter announces the removal of his
offices from 728 South Hill Street to Suite 633 Rives-
Strong Building, Los Angeles.

A. E. Nostrom and M. L. Anderson have formed
a partnership for the general practice of architecture
and have established offices at 603 National City Bank
Building, Los Angeles. The new firm will be known
as Nostrom & Anderson, architects and engineers.

William Templeton Johnson of San Diego,
architect for the United States government buildings
now being built for the coming Exposition to be held
at Seville, Spain, sailed April 29 on the Spanish liner
Manuel Arnus. He will spend a month in Seville,
supervising the work of construction.

Felix H. Spitzer, C. E., announces the removal of
his office to the Humboldt Bank Building, San Fran-
cisco.

Irving F. Morrow, architect, will conduct a course
of lectures on "The Understanding of Architecture"
for the Extension Division of the University of Cali-
fornia. This course is planned for persons interested
in art, but without architectural training. It will be
given in San Francisco beginning about the middle of
September.

00,000 l\ NEW WORK
Douglas Dacre Stone, architect in the Builders'
Exchange Building, Oakland, reports that he is e\-
ceptionall) bus) with new work aggregating more than
$2,000,000. Two large buildings arc being designed
for San Francisco, one a twenty-story Class "A" office
structure for the various advertising agencies, and the
other a fifteen-story Class "A" apartment building tor
E. Tropp, to be erected at 2160 Pacific Avenue. The
office building will be located on Bush Street, between
Montgomery and Kearny. Mr. Stone has also recently
completed plans for a $75,000 apartment building on
Merritt Avenue, Oakland, for D. H. McCorkle.

HEADS STATE BOARD

William H. Wheeler, architect of San Diego, has
been honored by election to the presidency of the State
Board of Architecture.

Other officers are: Vice-president, Fred H. Meyer,
San Francisco ; secretary-treasurer, Albert J. Evers,
San Francisco ; assistant secretary-treasurer, A. M.
Edelman, Los Angeles; members of the board, John
J. Donovan, Oakland; James S. Dean, Sacramento;
James H. Plachek, Berkeley; William J. Dodd, Los
Angeles; Myron Hunt, Pasadena, and John F. Park-
inson, Los Angeles.

MUNICIPAL ARCHITECTURAL BODY
The creation of a municipal architectural commis-
sion is advocated for San Diego by Oscar Knecht,
building inspector, and Harold Angier, president of
the city planning commission. Such a commission
would serve to check the present alarming tendencies
toward nondescript architecture, Mr. Knecht says.

"Give us such a commission," said Knecht, "and
in thirty years San Diego will be the architectural gem
of the Coast."

GROUP OF STORE BUILDINGS
The office of Earl Baldwin Bertz and Associates,
Shreve Building, San Francisco, has recently completed
plans for three or more one-story brick store buildings,
involving a total estimated cost of $100,000. One of
these buildings will be in Woodland, three in Tracy
and one in Marvsville.

COUNTRY HOUSE AT ATHERTON

Plans have been completed by Gottschalk & Rist,
Phelan Building, San Francisco, for a $40,000 country
house to be built in Atherton, San Mateo County, for
Mrs. Leslie Moore.

110

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

-May. 1928

ANOTHER OLD-WORLD TOUR

Further development of an architectural style dis-
tinctive of the West and particularly adaptable to con-
crete and cement plaster construction, is promised by
the announcement of C. A. Low, vice-president and
general manager of the Monolith Portland Cement
Company, that Richard S. Requa, nationally-known
architect, has just embarked upon another old-world
research tour.

Mr. Requa will gather more photographic studies
and architectural data for the compilation of his second
book, a sequel to his 'Architectural Details, Spain and
the Mediterranean." This work received such wide-
spread favor last year that two editions, published by
the Monolith interests, were quickly exhausted.

Copies of the first book, made up of beautiful photo-
graphic art studies of old-world architecture especially
adaptable to Western treatment, were distributed ex-
clusively to accredited architects, technical schools and
libraries.

Accompanying Mr. Requa are Mrs. Requa, Milton
P. Sessions, landscape architect, Misses Etta and Lydia
Schiweder, Mrs. Francis F. Law, all of San Diego,
and Miss Florence E. Ware, an artist of Salt Lake
City. They sailed from New York last week and will
stop first at the island of Madeira. From there they
will tour Northern Africa, stopping at Cassabianca,
Rabat, Sale in Morocco, Algiers, Tunis and then visit
the islands of Malta and Sicily in the Mediterranean.
Next they will proceed to the Eastern Dalmatian coast,
stopping at Cattaro, Ragusa, Spalato and Trau, then
to Venice, Florence, Rome, Naples and Ravello.
Southern France and Spain will be covered by auto-
mobile and then Northern France and England.

LECTURES ON ARCHITECTURE

An interesting course of lectures is being given by
Dean A. C. Weatherhead at the Architects' Building,
Los Angeles, on Saturday evenings. Large audiences
have attended the series, the subjects discussed being
as follows:

The Fundamentals of Architecture and its Significance in
Southern California.

The Historic Background and Traditions of California
Architecture.

The Principles of Architecture as Applied to Domestic
Problems.

The Small House Problem in Southern California.

The Skyscraper Problem in America and its Influence
Upon the Southwest.

Modern Trends in Architectural Design in Southern
California.

TWO SCHOLARSHIPS

Coveted architectural scholarships founded by the
Walker Cut Stone Company and the West Coast
Lumber Bureau were awarded recently to two juniors
in the School of Architecture at the University of
Washington, Seattle.

The Walker scholarship, awarded to John Villevik,
finances a course at Fontainebleau School of Fine Arts
in Northern Italy.

To Jack Peterson was awarded the West Coast
scholarship, which includes $1000, a three months'
course at the Fontainebleau School of Fine Arts,
and a supplementary sketching tour. Peterson will
study wood construction in Switzerland and will
prepare measured drawings of at least two outstand-
ing chalets.

NOTED FIRM CHANGES NAME

The name of the well-known Chicago architectural
firm, Holabird & Roche, has recently been changed to
Holabird & Root. John W. Root, who is the son of
the late John Root of Burnham & Root, has been a
partner of Holabird & Roche since 1919, at which time
also John A. Holabird, son of the late William Hola-
bird, was taken into the firm. Holabird & Root have
taken offices in the new 333 North Michigan Avenue
Building, Chicago.

CATHEDRAL ARCHITECTURE
Development of cathedral architecture from the
earliest days of Rome was traced by William C. Hays,
San Francisco architect, before the Women's Century
Club, at its meeting in April. Mr. Hayes declared the
interior of Grace Cathedral as planned by Lewis P.
Hobart, architect, is after the Spanish idea of cathe-
drals, while the exterior receives its inspiration from
the French.

INVESTIGATING DAMS' SAFETY

John D. Galloway of San Francisco is one of five
engineers invited by the Los Angeles City Council to
make an impartial investigation of the safety of the
Mulholland Dam, above Hollywood, and all other
Los Angeles dams and reservoirs.

NEW FACTORY BUILDING

The California Co-operative Producers are planning
the construction of two large factories, one in Sacra-
mento and the other at the foot of Fourteenth Street,
Oakland. The two plants will involve a total expen-
diture of more than $350,000.

May, 1928

ur>c,

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

1 1

W1NNKRS OF WOOD SLOGANS

Slogans produced by winners of the prizes totaling
^1 5,000 for slogans for wood, recently awarded by the
National Lumber Manufacturers' Association, arc of
interest to the building industry.

The winner of the $5000 first prize is an archi-
tectural engineer. He wrote "Certified by Centuries
of Service," and received $1000 a word for it.
Slogans about slogan writers might contain: "Stw<l\
architecture and build a phrase worth a building,"
based on the experience of James E. Noble, Jr., Sana-
torium, Mississippi, the winner.

"Wood — Use It; Nature Renews It," was the
slogan composed by a professor of journalism, which
won a $2000 prize for Mrs. Doris Farrington of
Hunter College, New York City, and the same slogan,
with the exception of the first word, was worth $1000
to Mrs. Maud Burt, Marshalltown, IowTa, which
shows that housewives and journalists do not think so
differently after all.

"Wood Answers the Material Question," occurred
alike to an editor and to a lawyer, each of whom re-
ceived $500 for his originality, and Lawrence J. Fuka,
a pharmacy student of the University of Wisconsin,
had a similar thought in "There's a Wood for Every
Material Problem," for which he, too, received $500.

AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE LEADS

Percy W. Darbyshire, architect of London, says that
"America leads the world in architecture."

Just completing a tour of the United States, he
comments favorably on the skylines of the big cities :

"Americans have shown more originality in archi-
tecture than any other present-day people. The sky-
scraper is an American product, and it has evolved
from an ordinary box-like building into a thing of
beauty.

"The characteristic feature of architecture in this
country is simplicity. But there is beauty in simplicity."

Darbyshire considers San Francisco one of the most
beautiful cities in the world. To appreciate this beauty
on a large scale, he says, one must view the skyline
from the bay and survey the city from the summits of
its several hills.

Mr. Darbyshire says that London is rebuilding along
American lines.

BERKELEY ARCHITECT BUSY

New work in the office of B. Reed Hardman of
Berkeley includes a $12,000 residence for George L.
Bruns at Spence and Arch streets and extensive altera-
tions to a two-story store and apartment building.

ARCHITECT SI ES FOR Fl I
The Decimo Club, foe, has been sued for $24,000

architect tecs by William F. Gunnison, who designed

the plana for the proposed Decimo clubhouse al Eddj

and Larkin streets, San Francisco and which, it was
announced, would cost $2,000,000.

Coincident with the suit, Attorneys Nal Schmulo-

w it/, and George B. Harris, representing Gunnison,
attached the property at Eddy and Larkin, said to be
valued at $350,000, and also attached other property,
including the national offices of the Decimo organiza-
tion.

Gunnison in his complaint stated that he was a
member of the Decimo Club, Inc., that in July of last
year he was commissioned by H. B. Monjar, then na-
tional president of the club, to draw the clubhouse
plans. He said that the regular fee would have been
$24,000, but that because of his membership he had
cut the fee to $15,000.

However, last fall an insurgent faction in the na-
tional organization, headed by L. M. Phillips, obtained
control of the board of directors, ousted Monjar and
other officials and then, on February 14, 1928, repu-
diated the contract with Gunnison, it is stated.

A TRIBUTE TO MR. WEEKS
Editor, The Architect and Engineer:

The recent death of Charles Peter Weeks is a loss
not only to the profession of architects in San Fran-
cisco, but to many of the painters and sculptors of the
bay region. Mr. Weeks was an architect who dis-
played an active interest in the use of decorative paint-
ing and sculpture.

The call for bids on the decoration of the State
Library, issued from the State Architect's office, was
intended by Mr. Weeks as an opportunity to all
decorative painters in California. His plans and
projects for the near future included further work of
this nature. His efforts through the Commonwealth
Club to organize an Art Commission for California
was one of notable interest to all California artists.

The Club Beaux Arts as a group, both management
and artist members, washes to make this acknowledg-
ment of the work done by Charles Peter Weeks in
and for the art community of the bay region.

B. Judd Reyall.

BERKELEY RESIDENCE
Plans are being completed by W. H. Ratcliff, Jr.,
for a $22,000 Spanish type house to be built on
Avalon Street near Claremont Avenue, Berkeley, for
C. H. McEntvre.

112

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

May. 1928

ARCHITECTS AND THE 1933 FAIR

(From Monthly Bulletin, Illinois Society of Architects)

We are much interested in reading that the selection
of architects for the 1933 World's Fair to be held in
Chicago has been made and we note three Chicagoans
and five others have been selected. We wonder if the
above means that all buildings will be designed by
these eight men. If so, why? We have no fight with
any of them and we admit each man is amply able to
do his job in brilliant fashion. But what about all the
other first-class men in the country and what about a
vast amount of talent that at present lies hidden?

What about Carrere and Hastings, John Russell
Pope, Bliss and Faville, McKim's office, Graham's
office? What about Arthur Loomis Harmon, of Shel-
ton Hotel fame, Swartout, Emery Roth and Schultze
and Weaver? W^hat about some of the Chicago men,
Pond, Hammond, Dunning, Granger, Rebori ? What
about Saarinen?

We could go on at great length. Surely, with the
wealth of talent in this country and with the number
of buildings that will comprise Chicago's second
World's Fair, it is possible to make use of more than
eight men's ideas.

Also, why not give some of the unknowns a chance
to show what they can do? As we remember, or
rather as we have been told, Louis Sullivan was not
very well known before he did the Transportation
Building at the 1893 World's Fair. Suppose he had
not been given an opportunity; suppose that was a
closed corporation so far as architectural design was
concerned — then the world would certainly have been
the loser. There may not be any Louis Sullivans
today, but from what we have seen of the younger
men, we believe that there is plenty of talent which
could and should be used.

The above causes us to stop and think of the many
men lying hidden in architects' offices. A great num-
ber of these men have ability, some are designers, some
are construction men of the highest type and any
number have the ability to practice architecture as
principals and make successes of it.

But the tragedy lies in the fact that without a
clientele they are hopelessly buried, and are doomed to
live out their days unknown and unsung. The public
little knows that a large percentage of beautiful build-
ings attributed to leading architectural firms are really
the designs of unknown members of the drafting room
force.

Also, there are many small offices — that is, archi-
tects who haven't the fortune to serve a large clientele

— which are able to do the finest kind of work if given
the opportunity.

Why cannot some idea, such as competitions, be
put into effect so that the coming World's Fair will
give these unknowns the chance they deserve? Why
limit the designing to those who have made or inherited
reputations — why not arrange things so that reputa-
tions can be made?

WITH THE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS
Stephen Child, Fellow of the American Society
of Landscape Architects, and president of the Pacific
Coast Chapter of that society, with offices in San
Francisco, and Ralph D. Cornell of the firm of Cook,
Hall and Cornell, landscape architects of Los Angeles,
have been appointed by the Board of Trustees of the
American Society of Landscape Architects as its official
representatives to co-operate with the officials of the
State Park Conference which is to hold its annual
meeting in San Francisco in June.

* * *

Professor John William Gregg, landscape archi-
tect of the University of California, reports the prep-
aration of plans for the development of the new 20-acre
high school site for the city of Pittsburg, California,
as well as plans for the development of a 20-acre park-
playground for the town of Susanville. Planting
plans have also been prepared calling for the use of
approximately 10,000 trees in variety to be planted on
the new 400-acre campus of the University of Califor-
nia at Los Angeles.

* * *

Howard Gilkey, landscape architect, Howden
Building, Oakland, reports the preparation of plans
for a residential subdivision in Reno, Nevada, where
landscape work in connection with the actual subdivi-
sion of the acreage and the lots has involved the plant-
ing of an avenue of Libocedrus decurrens a quartet
of a mile long, the development of rustic rock bridges,
open air fireplaces, and other landscape work in con-
nection with park development as a feature in such a
residence community. Mr. Gilkey's office is also de-
veloping a general plan for Mills College which would
indicate it to be the first comprehensive plan which
has ever been prepared, based upon actual surveys of
existing trees and topography.

* * *

Mrs. Willa Cloys Carmack reports the develop-
ment of an extensive enclosed perennial flower garden
for Congressman Kent at Kentfield, the principal fea-

May, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

ii j

ture of which will be a Long vista terminating in a
group of giant pines as well as a tea house and canopied
seats. She also reports the development of a private
estate at Los Gatos for Colonel Charles Erskine Scott
Wood and Sara Bard Field. This development con-
sists of many acres on a fine wooded hill-site overlook-
ing the valley. The predominating landscape features
consist of wide cement walls, seat high, with a vine
hung pergola in the Amalfi and Taormina motive
framing the valley view. Terraced plantings around
the house, together with other features, lend a distinct
Mediterranean feeling to the whole composition.

* * *

Professor John William Gregg, secretary of the
Pacific Coast Chapter of the American Society of
Landscape Architects, reports that the last meeting of
the Chapter was held in Pasadena, Friday, April 27th,
at the Hotel Maryland, in conjunction with the annual
meeting of the California Conference on City Planning.
There was an exceptionally large attendance and much

business of importance was transacted.

* * *

The Pacific Coast Chapter of the American Society
of Landscape Architects reports the election to mem-
bership of L. D. Tilton, landscape architect in charge
of the Los Angeles office of Harland Bartholomew and

Associates.

* * *

The American Society of Landscape Architects,
parent body, reports the election to membership of
Richard D. Sias with Olmsted Brothers at Palos
Verdes.

GRANTED CERTIFICATES

At a meeting of the State Board of Architecture,
Northern District, April 24th, the following were
granted certificates to practice architecture in Cali-
fornia: James Glenn Day, 1839 Catalina Avenue,
Berkeley, and Arthur D. Janssen, 8152 Fairfax
Avenue, Oakland.

California State Board of Architecture, Southern
District, at a meeting on April 24th granted an archi-
tect's certificate to Jupiter G. Vrydagh, 505 South
Birch Street, Santa Ana.

TWELVE-STORY APARTMENTS

Plans are being prepared by Edward E. Young,
2002 California Street, for a twelve-story steel frame
and concrete apartment building on the north line of
Pacific Avenue, east of Webster Street, San Fran-
cisco, for Jessie D. Hannah at an estimated cost of
$200,000.

bOOK. REVIEWS

Winning DESIGNS, I'aris Prize (1904-1927), in Architec-
ture, Society of Beaux Arts, architects. Pencil Points Press,
New York, publishers. Price $5.00.

Thirty-five complete plates and drawings, as well
as preliminary sketches in portfolio form, showing the
work of those who won the coveted Paris prize, which
enables the winner to enter L'ecole des Beaux Arts
without examination and to remain in the school for
a course of three years.

The explanation of each problem and its outstand-
ing features is described in an accompanying leaf.
American architects and students of architecture will
find pleasure and interest in these designs and to old
Beaux Arts graduates they should recall Paris days
and the work of the ateliers.

American Architecture, by Fiske Kimbal, illustrated.
Publishers, Bobbs Merrill Co., Indianapolis. Price $4.00.

I believe this to be one of the outstanding books of
the day on American architecture. Some years of
research and study have gone into its writing and the
story of our architecture is told in a refreshing and
charming way, stripped of technicality.

The drama of American civilization is vividly
traced. The rise of concrete and steel from the romance
of early Colonial, Dutch, French, Spanish and English,
is drawn across the stage of American progress in
architecture. The chapters alone are sufficient to reveal
the treasure that lies within its covers. To quote a
few, one finds such titles as: The Afterglow of the
Middle Ages; The Heyday of the English Colonies;
Spanish and French Outposts; The Greek Revival;
The Present ; and many others of equally entrancing
sound.

The work is concluded with an epilogue, notes and
index. The book is worthy of a place in any American
library. (Orders will be received at the office of The
Architect and Engineer, 1662 Russ Building, San
Francisco, California.)

NOTES

There was opened on May 12th, the first of what
is to become an annual exhibition of hand-bound books,
by the California Guild of Book Binders, comprised
in the main of amateurs, and it may be truthfully said
that the work exhibited told a story of achievement in
one of the finest of the five arts.

114

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

May. 192d

Some professional work was shown but as has
already been stated, the majority of the books repre-
sented the work of amateurs of from six months' to
several years' standing, and those who reviewed the
exhibit must surely realize that good taste, discretion
and a knowledge of what constitutes a beautiful book
has been amply demonstrated in the work of the mem-
bers of this guild.

Some of the work of the National Guild of Book
Workers was sent out to be exhibited in conjunction
and this contribution demonstrates the feeling of cor-
diality which exists between a very much older organi-
zation and a very young one.

San Franciscans, who know and appreciate good
books and beautiful books, may feel that they have had
a treat and they should give their loyal support to
the guild in order that its future may be well secured.
The work of making this exhibition worth while and
of interest to the book-loving public was no small task
and the committee on ways and means may feel greatly
encouraged.

The book sellers of San Francisco and the heads of
the various book departments of large stores, have been
very generous in fostering the aims of the guild.

The Architect and Engineer offers the Cali-
fornia Guild of Book Binders, every felicitation of good
will and extends to them through its Book Department
every help which it may render at any future period to
further this splendid work.

PASSING OF GEORGE LAWTON

George Lawton, of the architectural firm of Lawton
& Moldenhour, Seattle, passed away March 28th, at
the Seattle General Hospital. For thirty-five years
Mr. Lawton had been practicing architecture through-
out the Northwest. The firm formerly was known
as Saunders & Lawton, but for the last fourteen
years Mr. Lawton and Mr. Moldenhour had been
associated in practice.

Some of the earlier buildings designed by Mr. Law-
ton are the Northern Hospital at Sedro Woolley, the
Monroe Reformatory, the Schwabacher Hardware
Company structure in Seattle, the old Arcade Build-
ing, Seattle, and more recently the Republic, Liggett
and Bigelow buildings in Seattle. At the time of his
death Mr. Lawton was working on plans for a 39-
story structure to be constructed at Second Avenue and
Spring Street, Seattle. He was a member of the
Washington State Chapter of the American Institute
of Architects.

J. C. JOHNSON HONORED
J. C. Johnson, president of the S. T. Johnson Com-
pany, San Francisco and Oakland, has been elected
president of the American Oil Burner Association,
which held its fifth annual convention in Chicago,
April 3rd, 4th and 5th. More than 1500 attended the
meeting, including engineers, architects in electrical,
plumbing and heating supplies, as well as officers and
employees of the leading firms engaged in the manu-
facture of oil burners and accessories. The program
was ably planned to cover not only the technical sub-
jects of direct interest to the oil burner trade, but also
the points at which the new oil burner industry
touches a number of allied interests.

The convention demonstrated that the oil burner
industry is progressing not only through mechanical
improvements in its products, but also in impressing
the value of these products upon the electrical industry,
the great oil producers, plumbing and heating engi-
neers, builders and architects.

NOT AN "ACT OF GOD"
Forty days rain is not "an act of God," Comptroller
General McCarl has ruled in refusing to lift a penalty
of $475 imposed upon the Cunningham Construction
Company for failure to complete a government build-
ing at Langley Field, Virginia, in contract time.

The constructor has declared the excessive rain came
under the "act of God" clause of his contract, but the
comptroller held it to be a "common natural event"
and part of the general hazard assumed by the
builders.

In two recent cases the comptroller ruled that "acts
of God" should not be permitted by constructors to
delay completion of work by the government. — Phila-
delphia Public Ledger.

TODAY'S THE DAY

Yesterday is dead ; forget it. Tomorrow has not
come; don't worry. Today is here, use it. Yesterday
we all made mistakes, we did not do many things we
should have done. Tomorrow w*e do not know what
will happen, what wre will have to do or whether we
will ever see it, so just don't think about it, but today,
there's where our opportunity comes in. We have a
whole day to make good. Work and act as if it were
the only day you had and we guarantee that every-
thing will be done to the best of your ability and on
reviewing the day's work you will be pleased with your
efforts. Do your best today, the future usually takes
care of itself. — Exchange.

(Me monTh^magazinl^

Cjdifed AyTrvcjicr Qy JVforrow Q/jrcA^cYecf

' j

This Department is edited primarily, not as a review and criticism of other magazines, but to inform readers of The
Architect and Engineer of the contents of those which they may not regularly sec. The tables of contents as given arc
therefore not necessarily complete. Matter deemed negligible has been omitted. Items preceded by an asterisk (*) are to
some degree conspicuous for interest or merit. Matter preceded by the sign (f) has appeared in The Architect and Engi-
neer. The editors' comments are in small type, indented.

THE AMERICAN ARCHITECT
March 20, 1928
TEXT
Some Italian Town Gates. By Samuel Chamberlain (with
sketches by the author).

Open Timber Roof Construction in Small Churches. By
John A. Wetzel.

PLATES

Memorial Church of the Good Shepherd, Germantown, Pa.
Carl A. Ziegler, Architect (10 photographs, plan, detail and
article).

Chapel of the Holy Spirit, Cincinnati, Ohio. Crowe &
Schulte, Architects (4 photographs and plan).

St. Dominic's Church, San Francisco, Calif. Beezer
Brothers, Architects (5 photographs, plan, detail and article).

Cathedral of St. John the Divine, New York. Cram &
Ferguson, Architects (6 photographs).

Interior Details in St. Stephen's Church, Philadelphia, Pa.
Hoffman-Henon Co., Architects (13 drawings).

Euclid Avenue Baptist Church, Cleveland, Ohio. Walker
& Weeks, Architects (9 photographs, plans and details).

Modern Band Courses (4 plates).

THE AMERICAN ARCHITECT
April 5, 1928
TEXT
The Architect and the More Pretentious House. By Car!
A. Ziegler.
A Matter of Scale.

Design of Concrete Columns With Spiral Hooping. By
W. C. Eells.

Welded Pipe Used in Cathedral of St. John the Divine.
By A. F. Keogh.

PL A TES

William L. Harkness Hall, Yale University, New Haven,
Conn. Delano & Aldrich, Architects (8 plates and plan).

*St. George Playhouse, Brooklyn, N. Y. Schlanger &
Ehr enrich, Architects (5 photographs, plans, details and
article).

House, Mr. Carl Weeks, Des Moines, Iowa. William
Whitney Rasmussen, Architect (12 photographs, plans and
article).

Number One Fifth Avenue, New York. Helmle, Corbett
& Harrison, Sugarman & Berger, Architects (3 photographs,
plans and elevation).

THE ARCHITECT

April, 1928

TEXT

Chicago's Second World's Fair. By Alfred Granger.
The Country Builder. By George S. Chappell.
Honorable Andrew Hamilton, Barrister, Gentleman, Archi-
tect. By Rexford Neivcomb.

PLA TES

Equitable Trust Company, New York. Trowbridge &
Livingston, Architects (7 plates).

*Elks Lodge, B. P. O. E. 99, Los Angeles, Calif. Curlett
£f Beelman, Architects (6 plates and plans).

t*Santa Barbara Biltmore Hotel, Santa Barbara, Calif.
Reginald D. Johnson, Architect (6 plates and plans).

THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM

April, 1928
TEXT
On the Philosophy of Modern Art. By Alan Devereux.
An Architect in Morocco, Part I. By Eugene F. Kennedy,
Jr. (with 6 pencil drawings).

A Plea for Constructive Modernism. By Dwight James
Baum.

The current of what, unfortunately, we have to call "modernism"
is beginning to run so strong that it is no longer possible to
deal with it by the facile expedient of ridicule. At this stage
the timid hasten to explain that they are really for a rational
modernism, but — they hope it won't do anything unprecedented.
Mr. Baum hopes we are on the road to "a distinctive American
architecture," but "that our approach will be gentlemanly."
Well, if that is all it is to amount to, we might as well stick
by the "best examples." Real creation involves passion, which
is not primarily concerned with caution and decorum.

Public Buildings and the Architect. By Sullivan W. Jones.

*Thin Slab Concrete Floors Over Steel Joists. By C.
Stanley Taylor.

Heating and Ventilating for the Architect. By Perry West.

Ramp Problems in Garages. By K. F. Jackson.

Questions the Architect Must Answer About Oil Burning.
By P. E. Fansler.

The Architect and Realty Development — An Interview
With Robert Tappan, Architect. By Kenneth Kingsley
Stowell.

Estimating Construction Costs. By Clayton W. Mayers.

Publicity and Its Value to the Architect. By C. Stanley
Taylor.

Personality and Prospective Clients. By William A.
Edwards.

Fee Plus Cost System for Architects. By William Stanley
Parker.

115

116

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

May, 1928

PLA TES

The New York Academy of Medicine. York & Sawyer,
/J chitects (14 photographs, plans and article).

Houses in the Rue Mallet-Stevens, Paris. Mallet-Stevens,
/ rchitect (5 photographs and plans).

As recently as a year or so ago our magazines ventured the
publication of "modern" work only as humor or witn apology.
Now it is furnished unabashed, as something due us. Is our
morale breaking?
Vinoy Park Hotel, St. Petersburg, Fla. Henry L .Taylor,

Architect (8 plates and plans).

House, Mr. James L. Goodwin, Haitford, Conn. Philip
L. Goodwin, Architect (12 photographs, plans and article).

Astor Concourse Apartments, New York. Ay mar Embury
II, Architect (4 photographs and plans).

House, Mr. Frank Harwood, Bron cville, N. Y. Lewis
Bowman, Architect (5 photogr.-iphs, ph ns and article).

House, Mr. W. H. Dewar, Jenkingtown, Pa. Henry L.
Reinhold, Jr., Architect (2 photographs, plans and article).

Hotel Gouffier de Thoix, Paris (6 measured drawings,
photograph and article).

THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD

April, 1928
TEXT
Economics of the Skyscraper. By E'y J. Kahn.
♦Modern Architecture. (I) The Traditionalists and the
New Tradition. By Henry-Russell Hitchcock, Jr. (with 7
photographs of modern European buildings).

*In the Cause of Architecture. (Ill) The Meaning of
Materials — Stone. By Franl Lloyd Wright (with 4 photo-
graphs of Mr. Wright's buildings).

Richelieu— A Town of Oil France. By J. Donnell Tilcjh-
man.

The Effect of Machinery on Architecture. By J. Donnell
Tilyhman.

PLATES

*The Park Avenue Bui ding, New York. Buchman &
Kahn, Architects (11 plates, photographs, plans, drawings,
color study, details and article).

Village Hall, Winnetka, 111. Edwin H. Clark, Architect
(3 plates).

♦Refrigerator Showroom for General Electric Company,
New York. Raymond Hood, Goodley & Fonilhaux, Archi-
tects (2 plates, plan and detail).

Allied Arts and Craftsmanship (portfolio of 11 photo-
graphs).

Playland, Rye, N. Y. Walker " Gillette, Architects (draw-
ings, plan and article).

Early American Architecture (4 photographs and 4 meas-
ured drawings).

A Skyscraper Bridge for Chicago. D. H. Burnham & Co.,

Architects.

A grandiose conception, in which great skyscrapers form the
piers for arch spans «:onstituting a bridge over their roofs. "The
scheme presented here," reads the article, "was conceived by
- L. Morgan.'' Well, maybe. But all the same, three or
four years ago Lou's Christian Mullgardt published a scheme
for a San Francisco Bay bridge, in which the piers consisted of
great skyscrapers. Perhaps Mr. Morgan never heard of it. But
Mr. MullRardt's conception was really more logical and im-
pressive than the [resent one, because the spans joining the
skyscraper-piers, instead of masonry arches, were steel.

ARCHITECTURE

April, 1928
TEXT
*American Architecture of Today. By Lewis Mumford.
Copyright for Credit.

How the architect may avoid the deletion of the credit line
when drawings are published.
Electricity and the Chicago Architects. By Carl E.

Heimbrodt.

PLA TES

Competition for Court House, Rockford County, New
York (elevations and plans of four competitors, including
winner) .

i:Tomb of Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue. Lee Lawrie,
Sculptor (3 photographs of model).

House, Mr. Franklin Murphy, Newark, N. J. Guilbert &
Bi telle, Architects (13 photographs and plans).

First Congregational Church, Houston, Texas. J. IV.
Northrop, Jr., Architect (5 photographs and plans).

Bay Windows (portfolio of 38 photographs).

THE ARTS

March, 1928
The Modern Note in Decorative Art. Part I. By C.

Adolph Glassaold.

THE ARTS

April, 1928
The Modern Note in Decorative Art. Part II. By C.

Adolph Glassgold.

CREATIVE ART
April, 1928
'Concrete Architecture and House Building. By Albert
Dresdner.

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

April, 1928

Is There an Overproduction of Landscape Architects?
By Clarence Fowler.

The Influence of Topography on the Layout of Land
Subdivisions. By Henry V. Hubbard.

Some California Gardens Designed by John William
Gregg.

Good Turf for Landscape Use. By Earl M. Barrows.

Lawn Bowls. By Charles G. Blake.

More on Planting Design. By Stephen F. Hamblin and
E. S. Draper.

Notes on Pruning and Transplanting in Florida. By
Albert D. Taylor and Herbert L. Flint.

THE NEW REPUBLIC

April 25, 1928

'Towards a Rationa Modernism. By Lewis Mumford.

PENCIL POINTS

April, 1928

French Comrades in America (III). Camille Etienne
Grapin. By Luther Lashmit.

Stone and the Draftsman (II). By Marion Davidson.

The Greek Spiral. By Richard S. Buck, Jr.

Emery Stanford Hall as a Specification Writer. By
Wilfred H. Beach.

Drawings in Various Media (including 2 in color).

JOCIETY*^ CLVB MLlTINGJ

NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CHAPTER, A. I. A.

The regular meeting; of the Northern California
Chapter, A. I. A., was held at the Mark Hopkins
Hotel on Tuesday evening, April 24, at 6:30 o'clock.

The minutes of the previous meeting were approved
as published.

The secretary announced new members as follows:
Institute members, Roland I. Stringham and Eldridge
T. Spencer; Associate, Mark T. Jorgensen. Smith
O'Brien's resignation was accepted with regret.

Mr. Norberg reported for the Committee on Draft-
ing Room and Office Standards. It was moved and
carried that the symbol sheets be presented by our
delegates at the sixty-first convention for adoption.

The secretary reported that the Committee on State
Association of California Architects is hoping for co-
operation from the Southern California Chapter and
will not proceed further until this is arranged.

Dr. Ali-Kuli Khan, formerly chief diplomatic rep-
resentative of Persia to the United States, member of
Persian peace delegation to Paris, minister pleni-
potentiary to Poland, emissary to Constantinople,
commissioner general for Persia at the P. P. I. E., and
a distinguished authority on Asiatic art, spoke most
interestingly of the responsibility of architects and on
the fine arts of Persia, sketching its characteristics and
origins.

The Chapter was then surprised by a radio concert
over KFRC through the courtesy of Don Lee.

The histrionic talent of the Chapter was displayed
in a short but effective pantomime entitled "Com-
panionate Marriage," or "It's a Strong Jane That
Has No Yearning." Mr. Allen acted as announcer,
W. C. Perry, the villain, D. Signer; Mark Jorgensen
(the heroine), Annie Job; Clarence Ward, the father,
Owner O. Job; W. B. Farlow, B. J. Talker; Mr.
Beuttler, Archie Tect; Harris Osborn, the policeman.

There was an exhibit of Persian art by Dr. Ali-
Kuli Khan, also an interesting exhibit of small models
of homes and buildings by Miss J. C. Mesick.

After several songs by Austin Sperry, the "Spring
Jinks" adjourned.

The May meeting of the Northern California
Chapter, American Institute of Architects, will be held
on May 29, at 6:30 p. m. at the Mark Hopkins Hotel.
Dinner will be served. Details of the program and
special activities are in the hands of the entertainment
committee.

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA (I I. API IK

Captain Dudley S. Corlett spoke on Mayan
architecture at the April meeting of Southern ( ;ili
fornia Chapter of the American Institute of Archi
tectS at the Hollywood Athletic Club, Los Ans.'1

Captain Corlett, who resided twenty years in Egypi
and India and who has made several trips to Gnat"
mala to study the ruins of the Mayan temples, spok
on the relation of Mayan architecture to Egyptian
and Indian architecture. His talk was illustrated by
picture slides of the ruins of both the Mayan and
Egyptian temples. He stated it was his belief, founded
upon study and observation, that the Mayan temples
of Guatemala were as old, if not of a greater age,
than those of the ancient Egyptians, and that when
archaeologists have definitely translated the dates from
heiroglyphics on the temple ruins, that it would be
found that they were erected in 5000 B. O, instead
of 500 B. O, as estimated at the present time, and
would therefore be the beginning of western civiliza-
tion.

A part of the program, which was arranged by Stiles
O. Clements of Morgan, Walls & Clements, was a
series of card tricks cleverly demonstrated by F. B.
Nightingale of the Pacific States Electric Company.
President Pierpont Davis presided.

LOS ANGELES ARCHITECTURAL CLUB

The new plans of the Los Angeles Architectural
Club include the formation of an employment bureau
and a small house plan service. To make this program
effective the club has established its headquarters at
510 Architects' Building. This office, with Miss Vir-
ginia Smith in charge as executive secretary, is for the
convenience and aid of the architects.

The employment bureau will help to place all un-
employed draftsmen who will register with the club.
And it is hoped that the architects will make use of
this service for which there is no charge to them.

Theodore A. Koetzli is affiliated with the club in
the small house plan service. This activity will con-
sist of selling stock plans designed by capable architects
at a very nominal price. By carrying on a publicity
campaign we hope to make the public appreciate the
need of employing architects on small homes.

The April meeting of the club was held on the 17th
at the California Art Club, Olive Hill. The Archi-
tectural Club was welcomed by E. Roscoe Schrader,

117

118

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

May, 1928

president of the Art Club, who explained the aims of
his organization,

The principal speaker of the evening was Bruce
Findlay, assistant superintendent of Los Angeles citv
schools. He discussed his recent trip to historical
places in Washington, D. C, and Boston, and stressed
the modern school's purpose of building better Amer-
ican citizens.

J. Earle Johnson, who has just returned from six
years spent in the West Indies in architectural work
and study, made a valuable talk on the historical build-
ings there.

Future meetings promise to be of great interest.
Clark W. Baker, Sr., of San Francisco, is making a
special trip south to speak at the May meeting. His
subject will be "Illumination in Relation to Archi-
tecture."

At the June meeting J. Earle Johnson will speak
in more detail on "Architecture in the West Indies,"
discussing the beautiful interiors of the ancient cathe-
drals there.

The traveling exhibition of student drawings, dis-
played in the exhibit room of the Architects' Build-
ing, was keenly appreciated by the architects and gen-
eral public who saw them.

Fifty designs selected from entries in the small house
competition held by House Beautiful, will be on dis-
play in the exhibit room of the Architects' Building
for three weeks during June and July.

SAN FRANCISCO ARCHITECTURAL CLUB
Business meeting: April 4, 1928, at 8:00 p. m.
President Lawrence Keyser presiding. Secretary's re-
port read and approved. Treasurer's report read and
approved. Class committee report showed a slight in-
crease in membership and that an intense interest is
being shown in the work accomplished. The atelier
has received the prize winning drawings of the past
year from the Beaux Arts Institute of Design and has
held an exhibition which was open to the public.

The wisecrack box was overworked at this meeting
and the innovation bids fair to become popular. While
it was at first thought it would have a dampening effect
on the spirits of the wisecrackers, it soon developed
into a source of entertainment and revenue. The situa-
tion resulting from a desire to suppress wisecracks
developed into tax collecting system for producing
speeches and those who sprung the old gag that they
were unprepared were made to pay their "pound of
flesh."

C. J. Sly, head of the engineering class, and Al.
Williams of the architectural detail class, were both
heavy contributors for their lack of lengthy speeches.

The business of the evening was shortened in order
to permit of a brief talk by Mr. Slack of San Quentin
prison, who heads the furniture department of the
rehabilitation division of industrial arts. Mr. Slack
described what is being accomplished in the prison in
the way of returning young men to the world with a
trade, thereby enabling them to earn an honest living.
He claimed that crime in young men was partly due
to the lack of definite means of earning their bread and
butter, basing his assumption on the fact that very few
men so trained are returned to the prison.

In order to build up a solid financial structure in
the club, President Lawrence Keyser has issued the
following edict to the members: Pay your dues
promptly and unless a reasonable excuse is made to
the directorate, members who are behind for three
months will be suspended and barred from club
privileges.

Ed De Martini is to be complimented on his menu
for the midnight supper. It wras quite an agreeable
change. An Italian dish will be served at the next
meeting. Ed plans to have a different foreign menu at
each meeting. If he gets nonplussed, Alaskan straw-
berries are always in season.

MAY MEETING

Monthly business meeting held May 2, 1928. Meet-
ing called to order by President Lawrence Keyser.
The treasurer's report showed a healthy financial con-
dition and quite an increased bank deposit since the
dictum was sent out that members in arrears would
be suspended. The secretary's report showed an in-
crease of six new members since the last report. The
class committee report showed renewed activity in the
atelier and the order class. The atelier committee
reported that Bertel Lund has been awarded a class
"A" rating by the Beaux Arts Institute of Design.
Bert has won his honors by hard work and deserves
his promotion. The entertainment committee reported
in regard to the club picnic to be held Sunday, May
6, at Marshall Park, Saratoga. The chairman of the
committee displayed a beautiful cup presented by the
Dickey Master Tile Company, to be awarded to the
winner of the Architect versus Engineer baseball game
at the picnic. If the engineers don't snap a rivet or
break a beam under the strain, the architects will not
have a show at the cup. A retaining wall will be
designed by the engineering class to hold the cup for
posterity.

May, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

The business of the evening was terminated in order
to allow Ira to initiate the new members. I think that
all concerned were properly shocked by the procedure
but managed to live through it. Not having the regu
lation dress for the ceremony, the four spirits were
dressed a la burlesque with smocks torn and otherwise.

The house committee at last called out its menu
which always seems to be the most welcome part of the
evening. Ed DeMartini knows when and how to serve
a real lunch.

One thing observed throughout the meeting was the
absence of wisecracks. Can it be that the pay-as-you-
talk system is putting a damper on the fellows? I
never thought we had so many Scotchmen in the club.
One member when told that all long distance calls
must be paid for passed the honor to another, who
blushingly said he did not mind the nickle as much as
the attention he received.

Harry Langley has agreed to take care of all children
at the picnic, so the anxious parents can play a bit
themselves. I hope Harry brings a few of his own.
Eddie Counter is counting on crashing the gate. Prizes
will be awarded for the largest and smallest families.
Coffee, etc., will be furnished by the club.

We hope to have the atelier reroofed, painted and
decorated by the next meeting. — Nordin.

PASADENA ARCHITECTURAL CLUB

Forty-five members and friends of the Pasadena
Architectural Club were guests of DuBose & French
of Hollywood at a luncheon and visitation in that city
recently. They first visited the architects' exhibit at
the Artland Club, where they enjoyed a splendid
luncheon amid very beautiful surroundings.

Next they visited the studio of DuBose & French
and from there made a tour of inspection of the First
National Studios. They were shown the drafting room
and studios where the sets are in the formative stage.
They were next shown the miniatures and models and
on throughout, step by step, to the finished product.

This was one of a number of similar trips con-
templated for the next few months, according to the
president, William J. Stone. The Pasadena Architec-
tural Club has prominent speakers at nearly every
weekly luncheon. The members meet in the American
Legion Building every Thursday noon.

On April 27th the members enjoyed a trip to San
Diego, San Clemente and La Jolla. The party left
Pasadena on Saturday morning, stopping en route at
various places of interest. Arriving in San Diego, the
excursionists were conducted through the various parks,
buildings, ranch houses, etc. An elaborate program
was furnished. The outing concluded Sunday evening.

ARC IN I I, (Ti RAL I.I AG1 I.
Following is copj of a letter received l>\ the North-
ern California Chapter, A. I. A., from the Archi-
tectural League of New York, 115 East Fortieth

Street :

Will you be good enough to call to the attention of your
members the fact that the Architectural League of New
York extends a cordial invitation to such members of the
Northern California Chapter who may desire to become
non-resident members. A number of architects from all over
the country have occasion to visit New York. The Architec-
tural League now has its own home and it offers to its mem-
bers, resident or non-resident, bedrooms, a very good res-
taurant and a complete clubhouse situated in the architec-
tural district of New York.

Initiation fee for non-residents is only $10, and their
annual dues are but $15.

Anyone desiring to join will please communicate with the
membership committee, Architectural League, 115 East 40th
Street, New York City.

STATEMENT OF THE OWNERSHIP. MANAGEMENT, CIRCULA-
TION, ETC., REQUIRED BY THE ACT OF CONGRESS OF
AUGUST 24, 1912,

Of The Architect and Engineer, published monthly at San Fran-
cisco, Calif., for April 1, 1928.
State of California, City and County of San Francisco, ss. :

Before me, a notary public in and for the state and county
aforesaid, personally appeared W. J. L. Kierulff, who, having been
duly sworn according to law, deposes and says that he is the
business manager of The Architect and Engineer and that the
following is, to the best of his knowledge and belief, a true state-
ment of the ownership, management (if a daily paper, the
circulation), etc., of the aforesaid publication for the date shown
in the above caption, required by the Act of August 24, 1912, em-
bodied in section 411, Postal Laws and Regulations, printed on the
reverse of this form, to-wit:

1. That the names and addresses of the publisher, editor, man-
aging editor, and business managers are :

Publisher, The Architect and Engineer, Inc., 1662 Russ Building,
San Francisco, Calif.

Editor, F. W. Jones, 1662 Russ Building, San Francisco. Calif.

Business manager, W. J. L. Kierulff, 1662 Russ Building, San
Francisco, Calif.

2. That the owner is: (If owned by a corporation, its name and
address must be stated and also immediately thereunder the names
and addresses of stockholders owning or holding one per cent or
more of total amount of stock. If not owned by a corporation, the
names and addresses of the individual owners must be given. If
owned by a firm, company, or other unincorporated concern, its
name and address, as well as those of each individual member,
must be given.)

W. J. L. Kierulff, 1662 Russ Building, San Francisco, Calif.

F. W. Jones, 1662 Russ Building, San Francisco, Calif.

L. B. Penhorwood, 1662 Russ Building, San Francisco, Calif.

3. That the known bondholders, mortgagees, and other security
holders owning or holding one per cent or more of total amount of
bonds, mortgages, or other securities are : (If there are none, so
state.) None.

4. That the two paragraphs next above, giving the names of the
owners, stockholders, and security holders, if any, contain not only
the list of stockholders and security holders as they appear upon
the books of the company but also, in cases where the stockholder
or security holder appears upon the books of the company as trustee
or in any other fiduciary relation, the name of the person or cor-
poration for whom such trustee is acting, is given ; also that the
said two paragraphs contain statements embracing affiant's full
knowledge and belief as to the circumstances and conditions under
which stockholders and security holders who do not appear upon
the books of the company as trustees, hold stock and securities in a
capacity other than of a bona fide owner ; and this affiant has no
reason to believe that any other person, association, or corporation
has any interest direct or indirect in the said stock, bonds, or
other securities than as so stated by him.

5. That the average number of copies of each issue of this
publication sold or distributed, through the mails or otherwise, to
paid subscribers during the six months preceding the date shown
above is. (This information is required from daily publications
only.)

W. J. L. KIERULFF, Business Manager.

Sworn to and subscribed before me this 30th day of March, 1928.
(Seal) MARY D. F. HUDSON.

(My commission expires December 22, 1928.)

120

The ARCHITECT and ENGINEER

May, 1928

American 3totttute of Sdrcftttectst

(Organized 1857)

Northern California Chapter

President - ---------- Harris Allen

Vice-President ------- Henry H. Gutterson

Secretary-Treasurer- ----- Albert J. Evers

Directors
EarleB.Bertz J.S.Fairweather

John Reid Jr. W. C. Hays

Fred H. Meyer James S. Dean

Southern California Chapter, Los Angeles

President -------- Pierpont Davis

Vice-President ------- Edgar H. Cline

Secretary ------- A. E. Nibecker Jr.

Treasurer ------- Fitch H. Haskell

Directors
Wm. Richards Dohald B. Parkinson Alfred W. Rea

Oregon Chapter, Portland

President --------- O. R. Bean

Vice-President ------ W. R.B.Wilcox

Secretary - - - - - - - - A. Glenn Stanton

Treasurer -------- FredS.Allyn

Directors
Joseph Jacobberger C. D. James John V. Bennes

Washington State Chapter, Seattle

President ------- Sherwood D. Ford

First Vice-President ----- F. A. Naramore

Second Vice-President ----- Herbert A. Bell

Third Vice-President - - - - G. Albin Pehrson

Secretary ------- J. Lister Holmes

Treasurer --------- A. M. Allen

Executive Committee
Clyde Grainger J. Lister Holmes

^an Jfrancisico Architectural Club

523 Pine Street
President -------- Lawrence Keyser

Vice-President ------- Harry Langley

Secretary ------- Russell B. Coleman

Treasurer -------- Edw. Counter

Directors
Ira H. Springer C J. Sly Theo. G. Ruegg

Hosi Angeles; Architectural Club

President Geo. P. Hales

Vice-President ------ Hugo C. Oltsch

Secretary C. Kenneth Hagen

Treasurer - -- Kemper Nomland

Directors
Julian Garnsey H. Roy Kelley H. O. Sexsmith

^octetp of Alameba Count? Architects

President ------ - Chester H. Miller

Vice-President ------- Ralph Wastell

Secretary-Treasurer ----- Charles Roeth

Directors
W.G.Corlett J.J. Donovan

Roger Blaine E. Geoffrey Bangs

l^asfnngton ^tate ^orietp of Architects

President -------- Wm. J. Jones

First Vice-President ----- R. C. Stanley

Second Vice-President - Julius A. Zittel

Third Vice-President - Stanley A. Smith

Fourth Vice-President ----- Martin Klein

Secretary --------- O.F.Nelson

Treasurer -------- H.G.Hammond

Trustees
T. F. Doan Theobald Buchinger

H. H. James H. G. Hammond

&rci)itects league of i^ollptooob

6040 Hollywood Boulevard

Hollywood, Calif.

President -------- John J. Roth

Vice-President ----- Ralph C. Flewelling

Secretary-Treasurer ----- Horatio W. Bishop

Board of Directors
Ellet P. Parcher, Chairman Chas. H. Kyson

Edwin D. Martin Harold W. Miles Walter H. Parker

Sacramento Architects = engineers

President --------- J.O.Tobey

Vice-President ------- Jens C. Petersen

Secretary -------- EarlL.Holman

Treasurer ------- Harry W. De Haven

Directors
P.T. Poace FredRuckh C.E.Berg

^an Biego Architectural Association

President -------- Wm. J. Wheeler

Vice-President -------- Louis J. Gill

Secretary-Treasurer ------ John S. Stebert

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Plastering Contractors, Curbishley and Lane.

"A Remarkable Improvement and
Development in Portland Cement"

So writes Mr. H. E. Christian, Superintendent of Construction for the
MacDonald Engineering Company of Chicago, when speaking of the use of
Monolith Plastic Waterproof Cement in building a large western project. The
cement for this plant was poured around freezing temperature and below — a
fact which lends particular interest to his statements.

CC In the handling of this product," he declares,
"we find that it holds all aggregate in sus-
pension without any separation. All transpor-
tation spouts are clean and clear at all times.
The workability and plasticity of Monolith
Plastic Waterproof Portland Cement allows
the forms to slip perfectly without adhesions.
In strength, uniformity and quality as well as
workability, it is indeed a remarkable improve-
ment and development in Portland Cement."

So much for Monolith from an engineering
standpoint. It is equally to be preferred from
a strictly architectural point of view. Ground
to extreme fineness, it makes concrete of ex-
treme density, and therefore lends itself to the
most intricate and delicate ornamental forms.

To make sure that your design is executed
with concrete of maximum durability and the
finest artistic effect, specify Monolith Plastic
Waterproof Portland Cement.

MONOLITH PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY

13th Floor, A. G. Bartlett BIdg., LOS ANGELES, CALIF. Phone TRinity 7036

741 Monadnock Building 1218 Central Bank Bldg. 717 Bank of Italy Bldg. 1207 Public Service Building

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA PORTLAND, OREGON

Plant at Monolith, California

2.-.0

ETCHINGS OF THE FRANCISCAN MISSIONS
OF CALIFORNIA

By Henry Chapman lord

PUBLISHED 1883

No. 5 — San Buenaventura

This Mission was the ninth of Padre Junipero's chain
and the last to be established by the Apostle of Cali-
fornia. The Mission is located eighty-three miles north-
west of Los Angeles and twenty-five miles southeast of
Santa Barbara. It was established March 3 1st, 1782,
under most favorable circumstances. The first buildings
erected were destroyed by fire. This is believed to have
been in 1792. The following year the Church was prac-
tically rebuilt, largely of stone. It was not consecrated,
however, until September 9fh, 1809. The Mission suf-
fered from the earthquake of 1812 and this damage was
repaired two years later.

The exterior of the Mission, while not particularly inter-
esting, forms a picturesque mass. It is apparent that the
present architecture is not wholly in accord with the
first plans. If riters believe that in reconstructing and
enlarging the Mission the original design was to some
extent ignored.

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ARCH ITECT

AND ENGINEER.

Vol. 93

JUNE, 1928

No. 3

pAsAdeNA city hAll

0 CLOSELY related is any build-
ing to its surroundings and to the
particular needs that brought it
into being, that a serious discus-
sion of its merits or demerits is very apt to
involve a good deal more than its individual
or particular aspect as a building.

This is especially true of a modern build-
ing, such as the Pasadena City Hall, which
has just been completed. In an historic ex-
ample the question of whether the building
meets its requirements satisfactorily is not
of pressing importance, especially as very
often we can only guess what those require-
ments may have been, but in a building
which is just starting on its career, this
question cannot well be overlooked.

However, in tieing up the architectural
scheme with the program of needs, we will
confine our discussion to the most general
features of the program.

It is unnecessary to enter into a discussion
of the spatial requirements which, of course,

determined the size, arrangement and shape
of the building, except to point out briefly
how they affect the general scheme.

On the first and second floors there is a
series of spaces of considerable depth, that
portion of each space nearest the street
windows being used for a working space
and requiring very good light, while that
portion of the space next to the corridors or
circulations, does not require so much light
but does demand ready accessibility from
the corridors and great freedom of circula-
tion. On the third floor there is a series of
smaller offices, requiring little depth but
demanding good light.

Before passing on to the general question
of design and relation to the civic center
scheme, let us consider the problem pre-
sented by these spatial requirements. The
solution is obvious. A central corridor,
with the deep offices required for the first
and second floors, would have made a very
deep or wide building, at least eighty feet

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

June, 1928

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FRONT ELEVATION (COMPETITION DRAWING), PASADENA CITY HALL, PASADENA

Bakewell and Brown, Architects

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MAIN FLOOR PLAN (COMPETITION DRAWING) PASADENA CITY HALL
Bakewell and Brown, Architects

Iiuir, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

across, and would not properly provide
either for the shallow, well-lighted offices
of the top floor, or for any possible sub-
division into small offices on the lower
floors. Consequently, as there is plenty of
room on the site for a long comparatively
shallow building, the natural solution
would seem to be the one adopted ; that
is, to place the corridors on one side of the
large offices of the lower floor and on the
top floor to place the corridor in the middle
with small offices on either side.

Let us see how such an arrangement
works out in its relation to the city plan
and to the aesthetic scheme of the civic
center. Since this particular building is one
of a group, a vital part of the Pasadena
City Plan, it becomes necessary to consider
its relation to the civic center and to see
how its design is affected by its aesthetic
functions as part of that civic center plan.

The city hall, being the most important
building of the three which form the civic
center group, was given the central posi-
tion directly in front of the main avenue of
approach by Messrs. Bennett, Parsons and
Frost in their design of the civic center.
So in order to form a proper terminal
motive for this main boulevard and at the
same time to strongly accentuate the cen-
tral feature of the civic center, it became
necessary to the general design that this
central building should have a great domi-
nating feature. Also, on account of the
wonderful climate of Pasadena and the pos-
sibilities in the way of gardening, it seemed
appropriate that the building should be
built around a patio filled with trees, flow-
ers and planting.

With these facts in mind, we can turn
our attention to the architectural scheme, or
idea, adopted by the architects and the
method of treatment used to bring out and
express that idea.

The scheme consists of a large single
court, or patio, with a narrow ribbon of
building running completely around it, the
whole forming a hollow rectangle. The rear
of this rectangle is at present left open and
the scheme cannot be considered as com-
pleted until it is closed in by the future ex-
tension of the building across this side, for

which provision has been made. The cir-
culations on the first and second floors form
open-air arcades and loggias around this
patio, placing the corridors of these floors
on one side of the large offices, while on
the third floor the corridors take a central
position as regular office corridors, with the
smaller offices looking out onto street and
patio. This was desirable for practical rea-
sons as has already been pointed out.

In the center of the front, the dome with
its supporting mass, forms the central fea-
ture, which is emphasized by the simple
and comparatively low wings with their
horizontal lines of decoration. In the patio
four massive stair towers form secondary
features.

This composition, or architectural
scheme, is so simple and so closely follows
the predetermined requirements of the site
and also of the interior spaces, that it re-
quires no further discussion. It seems to be
a perfect solution of the problem.

The question that now interests us is how
this simple solution has been treated. Let
us first consider the development of the cen-
tral feature, as the whole treatment of the
exterior facades is based upon this central
motive.

in the original, or competition design for
this building, an entirely different central
motive was used from that finally adopted.
A comparison of the two designs is inter-
esting. The first, or abandoned design, was
strikingly original and apparently of great
promise. However, it is easy to imagine that
its study would offer many difficulties. In
order to make its mass truly impressive, as
was very necessary on account of the size
of the building and the scale of the whole
civic center scheme, it would have to grow
much larger than the original drawings
showed it. The fact that it was not the
frontispiece for a building but the central
motive of a long facade made it question-
able whether a pierced wall design, no mat-
ter how massive that wall should be made,
could fulfill its purpose. The perspective
effects might have been very picturesque,
but on the other hand they might readily
have been grotesque when seen from certain
angles.

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

June, 1928

The design of the dome that was actually
used has the great advantage that its mass
is preponderant and consequently counts
from every point of view. It actually forms
a marking point for the center of the city
and a fitting termination to the broad avenue
of approach to the civic center. However,
the idea of a portal has not been lost and
the present design probably owes its open-
ness to the earlier idea. It still remains as
an open portal leading into the patio and
converts the patio into a veritable garden
vestibule for the whole building, instead of
an inclosed court.

This feeling of airiness and openness has
been preserved in the dome that the central
mass supports. The dome becomes a great
belvedere which commands a wonderful
view of the city of Pasadena, with its beau-
tiful gardens, and with the surrounding
country and mountains as a background.
These beauties are thus made an integral
part of the building itself to be enjoyed

For MAIN AND PATIO, PASADENA CITY HALL
Kakcwell and Brown, Architects

from this lofty terrace and give this feature
great aesthetic value.

While the garden court, or patio, will not
be completed until the extension of the
building along Euclid Avenue entirely
closes it in, a temporary arcade has been
built along this street connecting the cir-
culations of the first and second floors. This
arcade is, perhaps, a little uninteresting as
it stands today and it is to be hoped that
its monotony will be broken in time by
judicious planting. However, it serves a
very useful purpose that justified it until
such time as the scheme is finally completed.
The development of the garden court
with its surrounding arcades is also of inter-
est. The four stair towers filling out and
strengthening the corners, lead the interest I
up to the roof and finally to the great dome .
itself. Fortunately, the climate of Pasadena i
made the open arcade and loggia that sur-
round the garden, not only possible but also
desirable. At present the garden itself is in
its infancy, but one can imagine the pic-
turesque effects that will be formed as this
garden reaches its maturity. We cannot
over-estimate the pleasing possibilities of
this unique feature.

The expression of the architectural
themes suggested by the requirements which
produced the general architectural idea of
this building, has been inspired by the work
of the later renaissance architects and by
more modern interpretations of the work of
that school. The happy circumstance that t
the sunny climate of Southern California i
lends itself admirably to a modern develop-
ment of the architecture of the Mediter-
ranean has been kept in mind and makes the :
use of rich ornament particularly appro-
priate and effective.

The same license that should always be
permitted the architect has been used in the
development of this style. A purist might
object to certain liberties that have been
taken, but we should remember that much
of the charm of renaissance architecture
lies in this freedom of treatment. It is what
distinguishes a living architecture from
archaeology.

The use that has been made of ornament
to tie the design together and to emphasize
its features, is interesting.

June, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

The horizontal line of the wings has been
brought out by setting back the third story
as an attic and running the frieze and the
main cornice, thus brought down to the top
of the second story, as a richly decorated
band around the entire building. The
treatment of the alternating first story
windows with their pediments and decora-
tive keystones as a recurring rhythm, also
tends to lower these wings and tie them in
with the dominating interest of the central
feature. The recurrent use of the same
rusticated treatment that is used in the cen-
tral feature in these windows and in the
corners of the building has a unifying effect
and gives a harmonious rhythm that always
leads the interest back to the center where
the note that recurs, be it ornament or be
it rustication or other form of treatment, is
always to be found in increased and domi-
nating force.

The same recurrence leading up to and
supporting the central mass may be traced
in the treatment of the patio. The stair
towers do not distract from the dome but
lead up to it. We find the same belvedere
treatment at the top of each stair tower that
we find in the dome itself. The arcades of
the patio are all commanded by the central
arch of the center and became so much a
part of this center as to increase its import-
ance many times by their very recurrence.

The materials play their part in this
system of recall. The lead roofs of the stair
towers have their counterpart in the lead
lantern of the main dome and the red tile
of the main roofs in the tile covering of the
dome itself.

The ornament is performing a real func-
tion and has not been used merely as decora-
tion. The forms have been chosen on
account of their color, mass or shape, and
because that particular color mass or shape
was needed at that point as an integral and
necessary part of the general design.

The building covers an entire city block.
It is quadrangular in arrangement, the
main section having a frontage of 374 feet
on Garfield Avenue, with two right angle
wings, each 238 feet deep, on either side to

Euclid Avenue, with a connecting arcade

17 feet wide fronting on Euclid Avenue.

The main section and the wings are three
stories in height. A tower rises from the
middle of the main pile !0 a height of
205 feet above the sidewalk. Construction
is reinforced concrete except for the central
tower which has a steel frame up to the
sixth floor level.

The next 60 feet, including the dome, is
reinforced concrete. The dome is 52 feet
in diameter.

In selecting the design the city of Pasa-
dena invited ten architects of national repu-
tation to submit plans which were keyed,
but otherwise unidentified. The design se-
lected was found to have been submitted by
Messrs. Bakewell & Brown, architects of
the City Hall in San Francisco and of the
new buildings at Stanford University at
Palo Alto. The architectural contract was
awarded to Bakewell & Brown, the nine
other competing architects each being paid
a nominal sum for their drawings.

INTERIOR STAIRWAY, PASADENA CITY HALL
Bakewell and Brown, Architects

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

June, 1928

RADHA KRISHNA TEMPLE, NEPAL (Hindu-Moghul Influence)

9c me (f/x.ejnples of

INDIAN ARCUITECTVGE

2jy Uj^/y v \y4ncknron

TAJ MAHAL— AGRA

E OF the Western World who
have produced such marvels of
architecture, and have possibly
achieved the perfection of a com-
posite of all good architecture, have, perhaps
unconsciously, in our
latest development
of city "skyscrapers/'
evolved something
very similar to the
oldest form of Hindu
architecture. I refer
to the pyramidal tow-
ers of the newest
buildings in America.
As they rise, tier on
tier, into the sky,
tapering off gradually
to a slender dome,
their grace, dignity
and beauty remind

one of some of the great temples that rise to
heaven in India.

Hindu architecture has its best expression
in temples, for it was in this type of work
that the Indian artisan surpassed himself.
In India, religion has been the dominating
force, not only in manners and in customs,
but in the very structures of the people
themselves. By this I do not mean to say
that the great mass of humble structures,
built by people who could not afford either
lasting materials or decorative schemes in
construction, is to be taken as examples of
a people's faith. The poorer classes in India
have had to be content with palm-thatch
huts, or simple houses of mud and brick and
plaster. The palaces of the Rajahs ascend
the architectural scale in richness of design
and elaborateness of decoration, the temples
reach the climax in the crescendo and by far
outshine all other buildings.

A man may have a humble home to house
him, but his temple must be worthy to house
his gods. The poor have always given freely
to their churches, and in India this is espe-
cially true, and so the magnificent temples

in India are gorgeous
examples of construc-
tion, intricate carving,
and decoration, that
compel our admira-
tion and even wonder.
Arising from the
Gupta period of archi-
tecture in India, that
came into being in the
Middle Ages, three
dominating schools
became established.
Hindustan, or North-
ern India, is repre-
sented by the Indo-
Aryan school; the south of India is repre-
sented by the Dravidian School, and the
third school, that partakes of both, is the
Chalukyan School best seen in the Deccan.
The Indo-Aryan school of architecture
has for its chief feature the curvillinear
steeple, divided into vertical bands, rising
from a square central base. Some of these
types of temples are imposing and ornate
and a miracle of intricate carvings in bas-
reliefs, columns, and sculptured ornamen-
tation. Outside of the main shrine with
its steeple, is a quadrangle, or a succession
of quadrangles of pillars, one within the
other, with lofty gateways and smaller
shrines that make the massive pile of the
temple most impressive.

The outstanding characteristic of the
Dravidian form of Indian architecture is
the vimana, or pyramidal-tower that rises
in storied sections, usually crowned with a

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

June, 192S

GOPURAM, WESTERN FACE, MADURA

June, 1928

AUCHITLCT

AND ENCINEER.

circular dome. In Tanjore there is a famous
temple of this type that dates from the
tenth century. Most of the temples, how-
ever, are of a later date, as stone was not
introduced into India until the reign of
Asoka (214-237 B. C.) and the earlier
examples of architecture constructed of
wood, have perished from the earth.

The third school, or Chalukyau, dis-
tinctive in the Deccan has used and adapted
both the Indo-Aryan and Dravidian forms
compromised with the low pyramid with
both horizontal and perpendicular trear-
ment. The most outstanding examples of
this school are to be found in Mysore.

The four main heads of architecture in
India, inclusive of all, or most, religions,
may be largely classified into the Buddhist,
Jain, Brahman and Muslim schools.

The first stone used in religious archi-
tecture, was probably employed by the
Buddhists who built memorial pillars, or
tats, which were followed by dagobas, topes
and cave-temples. The pillars were elab-
orately carved with wheels, lions, cobras,
tridents, crosses, swastikas and other Budd-
hist-Hindu symbols. The sacred "Bo-tree11
of Buddha is a subject of infinite elabora-
tion in decorative sculpture, but the begin-
ner, in studying the distinguishing marks
between Hindu and Buddhist or Jain archi-
tecture, is easily confused by the great
similarity of all three in the use of decora-
tive motifs. The Hindu came first, then
the Buddhist, then the Jain, but each one
has borrowed ideas from the other, and so
it is not so much upon the differences in
sculpture that we must depend, as upon
the significant features of the construction
of temples, shrines and topes.

The Jains, followers of a more modern
religion, based on both Buddhism and Hin-
duism, were great builders and in the Ellora
cave-temples we find perhaps their greatest
example of sculpture and design. They
are partial to horizontal archways; carved
bracket capitols; columns arranged in
squares; horizontal domes; pillars in octag-
onal forms of eight, and four external
pillars arranged in squares. The domes of
Indian temples are one of their most re-
markable features. Often, with an eye for

a dramatic setting for their temples, or col-
lection of temples, they choose a lull top as
the site where their arc hi tec hire m;i\ be seen
at its best. The city of Mount Abu, built
on top of a hill, is a splendid example of a
magnificent situation. "A city that is built
on a hill cannot be hid." And yet some of
the most wonderful works of sculpture in
India are found in caverns, hidden from
the sight and burrowing into darkness,
where the solid rock has been transformed,
by the patient toil of thousands of artisans,
into dream worlds of beauty, more romantic
and impressive because seen by torch-light.

The general subject of Hindu, or Brah-
manical architecture, is divided into three
classes. First, the Indo-Aryan; second, the
Dravidian, and third, the Chalukyan. All
three forms are characterized by square
shrines, or vamanas; pyramidal roofs, or
curvillinear domes, in stories; porches, or
mandapams; gate-pyramids, or gopurams;
and quadrangular enclosures. The Cha-
lukyan temples are famous for their animal
friezes, where, with elephants at the base,
they work up from lions, horses, oxen and
monkeys to birds, and sometimes the sacred
cobra.

Of the Indo - Aryan school, the Black
Pagoda at Puri is the most remarkable ex-
ample of unbelievable exuberance of sculp-
ture. It combines the animal and human
world with the mythical in a riot of imagery
that beggars description. Unfortunately,
most of the sculpture is so obscene that it
cannot be reproduced in a magazine. The
Jaganath Temple at Puri is also famous,
but much less ornate in conception. It dates
from the 1 1th or 12th century, however, and
is well worth visiting, or at least seeing
from the outside as no one but a Hindu is
allowed within the gates. One may obtain
a very satisfactory and comprehensive view
of the huge central tower by going on the
roof of a building opposite the temple and
looking over the surrounding walls. At
Amber, the old capital of Rajpmana, at
Jaipur, the modern capital, and at Udaipur,
one may see many examples of magnificent
Indo-Aryan architecture.

The Indo-Muslim period started about
1200 A. D. and this form of architecture

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

June, 1928

BRAHMINCAL TEMPLE IN FORT, GUALIOR

928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

ENTRANCE TO TEMPLE (HORIZONTAL DOORWAY) GUALIOR

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

THE GREAT TEMPLE, NORTH FRONT, BHl'RANESHWAR

Tunc, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND LNCINEER,

may be divided loosely into two main heads,
the Pathan and the Moghul. The Pathan
form is distinguished by its domes, pointed
arches, minarets, carved screens, vaulted
arches and roofs. The Kutb Mosque and
Minar at Delhi, and the Ajmer Mosque all
show these features. The Moghul form is
influenced by Persian architecture, as well
as Hindu features, but in Akbar's time, it
^vas strong and original. It became some-
what weakened in Sgah Jehan's reign, al-
though the Taj Mahal at Agra is without
doubt the most beautiful building in the
world.

The Humayun Mosque in Agra; the
Tomb of Humayun in Delhi, Fatehpur
Sikri, outside Agra; the Palace at Lahore;
the Fort at Allahabad, and the Red Palace
in the Agra Fort all are fine examples of
Moghul architecture. Some of these build-
ings are unsurpassed for the beauty of their
carved marble screens, their wonderful
mosaics, white marble and sandstone com-

bined, noble vaulted an lies, pillars and
domes.

If one is interested in Indian architec-
ture, and except for that of Egypt it is the
most beautiful in the world, he will find
an inexhaustible Held for research among
one, or all forms which I have referred to
so briefly. Each invader and each religion
has left its impress on this old country in
magnificent temples, palaces, carved cavern-
temples, mosques and shrines. No trip to
India is considered worth while unless one
goes to Agra to see the Taj Mahal, the Fort,
and the deserted city of Akbar, and those
are but a few of the myriad of ancient cities
of temples and shrines to the gods of Asia.
We could do much worse in America than
follow the forms of some of these noble and
imposing structures. And as for sculpture,
the New World has not begun to under-
stand what it means in a decorative scheme
as men knew in India, before our own coun-
try, America, was dreamed of.

SCOTTISH RITE TEMPLE, OAKLAND
Carl Werner, Architect

From an Etching by Vernon Morse

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

June, 1928

<Tbe MANfGUVM and OTTLQ.

BVILDIKG - J^n Oranasco

LISS AND FAIRWEATHER/S

building for Mangrum and
Otter, Inc., Mission Street, be-
tween Eighth and Ninth Streets,
San Francisco, is being very favorably com-
mented on for its somewhat daring, but none
the less effectual, architectural treatment in
glazed color tile. The problem called for a
type of architecture that would permit of
exclusive use of materials handled by the
owners. The facade must be dignified but
sufficiently colorful to command attention
and impress the layman with the possibili-
ties of color tile veneering for architectural
embellishment. How successful the archi-
tects have been — one need only to glance
at the pictures — then play upon his imagi-
nation for the color scheme worked out in
soft-reds, greens and black. It is prob-
ably the only building of its kind
where the entire facade is finished ex-
clusively in various tones of architectural
tile. Heretofore terra cotta, glazed brick
and stucco have been used largely for
elaborate color effect. Admittedly, it was
somewhat of a task to work out a design that
would make a dignified front in bright
colors. The Moorish type was chosen as
best suited for such a treatment, and the ef-
fect is indeed pleasing.

The building, of Class A type, is designed
to carry three more floors when business
conditions warrant, and these added stories
will undoubtedly lend further to the pleas-
ing appearance of the street front. The
Mangrum and Otter building scheme em-
bodies s;ome 100,000 square feet of floor
space and includes, besides the main
sales and display rooms, a commodious
warehouse and modern fireproof garage.
All of the buildings are three stories with
full basement. The executive offices are on
a mezzanine floor.

The Mangrum and Otter Company was
founded by A. S. Mangrum in October,

1887, in San Jose and in October, 1895, the
Company was incorporated with head-
quarters in San Francisco. Since that time
it has occupied various locations, the old
Grand Hotel building, the Balboa Block,
the Thomas Lipton building on Mission
Street and just prior to its last removal, the
building on Mission Street, between Fourth
and Fifth Streets.

Recalling the days of the fire, this com-
pany was the first to erect a temporary home
in the downtown section of San Francisco.
This was a corrugated iron structure built
on leased property on Mission Street in the
vicinity of Second. It was destroyed in a
fire that started in an adjoining piece of
property a year following its erection.

WAREHOUSE AND GARAGE FOR MANGRUM

& OTTER, INC.

T. Ronneberg, Structural Engineer

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

R. J. Waters, Photo _ „ . » , ^ n » -».t nn nimcriA

DETAIL OF ENTRANCE, MANGRUM & OTTER BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO

BLISS & FAIRWEATHER, ARCHITECTS

S DESIGKf FOG AW I

Wteu^atioNXl Afqo station

NEW conception of the dignity
and importance of airplane traffic
is revealed in the design of
Maurice Chauchon, French
architect, for a colossal international air-
port at Pau, France. For his clever con-
ception M. Chauchon is awarded the 192S
French Traveling Fellowship of the Amer-
ican Institute of Architects. The airport is
being sponsored by the French Chamber of
Commerce, which is urging the construc-
tion of similar airdromes at other important
aviation centers in France. It is so vast that
passengers can mount their plane under its
roof in rainy weather, or can alight from
the plane into the landing station without
inconvenience from soggy fields. The plane
taxis off before leaving the hangar and takes
jff at speed the moment it is outside.

The international airdrome as planned by
M. Chauchon is 370 feet wide and 260 feet
long. It will hold three giant commercial
planes, the wingspread of a continental
:ommercial passenger plane being 130 feet,
VI. Chauchon said recently in describing
lis design. The plan is but one unit of a
nultiple system whereby the airdrome can
)e enlarged. The hangars can be made
onger and plans allow for more hangars
vhen necessary. Adjoining the hangars will
ie machine shops where parts of airplanes
ind all mechanical supplies will be kept on
land.

In convenience and in size the new struc-
ure brings the aviation airport to the
lignity of the modern metropolitan railroad
itation. There will be a restaurant, hotel,
:ustoms house, which will be in the front
)f the main airdrome, with every facility
or expediting the passing of travelers' bag-
gage through the customs, information
)ureau, ticket office, money change booth
(for the exchange and transfer of foreign

money), porters, a radio service for com-
munications from passengers while en
route, and a meteorological service.

Airdromes designed ten years ago are now
considered antiquated. M. Chauchon's plan,
it was explained, bears the same relation to
airplanes as a big harbor bears to ocean-
going vessels. It is the port of many coun-
tries whose frontiers have been annihilated.
The design differs radically from that of
any previous airport. It has no prototype
because there has never been a need for any-
thing of the sort. Ten years ago the public
was not sufficiently receptive to commercial
aviation to have made a great airdrome
station a profitable investment. But today
on the continent with international aviation
an accepted fact, it is essential to meet the
demand of modern travel, that air terminal
facilities correspond in dignity and com-
fort with those provided by the great rail-
road and steamship lines. As in a big union
station aerial passengers may, in the big air-
drome stations of the future, take the planes
of different lines to various foreign coun-
tries, or may transfer from one air line to
another. The big airdrome is not only up
to the moment, but it is an anticipation of
the needs of commercial aviation during the
next few years.

Daylight illumination is provided in the
main hangar by a roof of glass slabs set in
reinforced concrete.

One of the photographs shows a night
view of the airfield. The two vertical beams
ascending from either side of the airdrome
are each of a million candle power and are
especially adapted for foggy weather. They
will not be necessary in clear weather. The
two lateral beams can be deflected over the
ground to indicate the best angles for land-
ing, with reference to the direction of the
wind. A permanent light will always be

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

June, 1928

MAIN HANGAR, DESIGN FOR INTERNATIONAL AERO STATION, FRANCE

Maurice Chauchon, Architect

Note tractors to pull plan/s in position, similar to switch engines in railway terminals

Hamilton Wright, I'hot.-s

NIGHT VIEW, INTERNATIONAL AERO STATION, FRANCE
Maurice Chauchon, Architect

Tht l;vo vertical beams are oj 1,000,000 candle power designed for foggy weather

June, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

displayed in the right-hand corner of the
field. The name of the airdrome, PAU, in
letters seventy feet high, is sunk in the
ground and illuminated. Planes can taxi
over it without harm.

M. Chauchon's design is now on exhibi-
tion at the Freneh Chamber of Commerce
in Paris. He is the second winner of the
American Institute of Architects' French
Traveling Scholarship, the first having been
Marcel Gogois last year. M. Chauchon
was chosen for the scholarship by a jury
of French architects appointed by Paul
Leon, directeur Des Beaux- Arts of the Re-
public of France. He will remain in this
country six months studying American
architecture and practice.

The architectural profession appears to
be alive to the importance of air travel and
to its revolutionary significance for the
future. M. Chauchon's design possesses the

vit\ obvious advantage of considering the
airdrome, hangars and other features of a

modern airfield as an architectural unit.

M. Chauchon is 2K years old. He has
won many honors in France, among them
the first second medal at the "Ecole des
Beaux-Arts," and graduated from that in-
stitution in 1927 as winner of the best
diploma. He won third prize, with Mon-
sieur Briere, in a public competition for
the Casino at Nice, won a silver medal from
the "Progress" (inventors' society), and is
a member of the Societe des Architectes
Diplomes par le Gouvernement and other
official French organizations.

The American Institute of Architects
established the French Traveling Scholar-
ship as a contribution to international archi-
tectural education and a recognition of our
educational debt to France.

tceceivt WorL or

GVY L 5UOWN - ARCHITECT

HE work of Guy L. Brown, archi-
tect of Oakland, which is re-
flected in the accompanying
pictures and plans, was executed
during a period between 1924 and 1927.
Mr. Brown's general practice has been of
a varied nature, embodying both small and
large homes as well as types of commercial
buildings. His recent work in domestic
architecture shows a keen sense of apprecia-
tion of modern demands for convenience of
plan and tendencies of style. In a number
of instances he has had difficult problems
to overcome, such as limited ground area,
hillside obstacles and locations for specu-
lative houses that ordinarily would seem
undesirable, but which were made popular
through attractive landscaping and intel-
ligent architectural treatment. Houses
designed for investment purposes have been

quickly disposed of and at a good profit to
the speculator, according to Mr. Brown.

The Gilbert Zoll'ing Residence
This house was completed early in 1925
and was a particularly hard problem be-
cause the lot was of an extreme "pie shape"
type and although it had a large arc front
lot line, the set-back for the front wall was
extreme, some twenty feet, which eliminated
the best part of the lot for building pur-
poses. The Leimert Company, owners of
the tract, refused to allow any change and
the lot stood idle a long time after the sur-
rounding property was built upon. An
adaptation of the Southern Spanish bunga-
low type was used, with medium Cordova
tile for the roof. The living room and entire
hall walls are textured with colored cement
plaster. The garage was placed under the
service portion with a sloping drive from

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

June, 1928

the street. Approximate cost of the house
was $7500.

Residence for Fred T. Wood
This residence was built for speculative
purposes and to help move a large key lot
in the Haddon Hill tract, which could not
be sold to builders, as they would probably
have built two small residences and ruined
the other lots. Mr. Brown suggested a
rather pretentious type of Southern Califor-
nia bungalow to cost $1500 per room or
more, to appeal to a well-to-do buyer. This
suggestion was followed and was successful,
the home selling in the worst time of the
year for realty sales. The main rooms are
textured in cement plaster with high arched
ceilings, mahogany trim throughout except
in the service portion. All electric and
other services are underground. The house
cost $10,000.

Residence for Georgina Reynolds
Residence was designed and built for a
large family in the Leimert Company's
Lakeshore Highlands tract, on a lot 60 feet
by 115 feet, with a fairly gentle slope to
the back at the front of the lot, and a very
steep drop-off to Mandana Boulevard at the
rear. In order to avoid having a garage
fronting on the street, the plan provided for
a large retaining wall at the rear yard, the
garage being placed beneath under one of
the back living rooms, with good turning
space provided. The wall also helps to pre-
vent any possible sliding of the lot soil. The
house was designed in formal Italian style
with a warm colored travertine textured
plaster exterior and medium Cordova tile
roof. The main room interiors are stippled
over canvas walls, with wrought iron fix-
tures for hardware and main stair rail. The
building is equipped with electric refriger-
ation, lawn sprinkling system and a full
automatic oil-burning, hot water heating
plant. The final cost was $16,750.

Cromwell Residence
The house was designed and built upon a
very difficult lot in Lakeshore Highlands,
overlooking Trestle Glenn, Oakland. The
lot is unusually steep (more than 45 degrees
on one side), but possesses a wonderful
view. The worst feature to overcome was

the fact that, due to tract restriction set-back
at the front wall, only the left-hand por-
tion of the garden is natural soil, the rest
being fill supported by an eight-foot rein-
forced concrete wall, with concrete block
anchors extending into the firm soil.

The exterior is English Colonial with
textured cement plaster walls and thatch
effect shingle roof. Steel sash is used in the
main elevations. The living room and
entrance hall are carried out in the same
architectural style with studio beam ceiling
treatment, compo-stippled walls and Van
Dyke glaze. Space was left below the main
floor at the rear for two bedrooms and bath.
The cost was $7500.

Bestor Robinson Residence

This house was designed for a lot in the
new Oakmore Highland tract, in old
Diamond Canyon, the lot being on a promi-
nent bend in the hillside, sloping up rather
sharply and having a commanding view of
the surrounding country. It was necessary
to follow the contours of the hill and this
forced a rather unusual plan in order to
take full advantage of the view.

The exterior is Italian with large circle
head plate-glass windows in the main rooms
and balanced sash that slide down, leaving
clear window openings on the first floor.
The second story rooms have steel sash win-
dows. The exterior plaster is textured
cream set off with blended tile roof and
hanging gutters. The architectural treat-
ment is rather unusual, the entrance
hall carrying through both stories, as ex-
pressed in the tower portion, with beam
ceiling and wrought iron stair railing, a
beamed entrance opening into the living
room on one side and a large plaster arch
to the dining room on the opposite side.
The walls of the entrance hall and main
rooms are stippled with a patented material
and glazed in Van Dyke brown. The garage
is at the street level with inside stairway
and dumb waiter service to the main floors.
The house was built at an approximate cost
of $11,000.

Fred T. Wood Office Building

This building was designed for the hous-
ing and expansion of Fred T. Wood"s
real estate business in a district which

June, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

HOUSE OF GEORGINA REYNOLDS, OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA

Guy L. Brown, Architect

(Other illustrations of Mr. Brown's work on pages 85 to 95)

F 1 1 JT f loci Plan

/tc dnd Tlcch. Pl»k

RLYNOLDJ lLJItE.NCt

PLANS, HOUSE OF GEORGINA REYNOLDS, OAKLAND
Guy L. Brown, Architect

has been developing very fast. When the
plans were first drawn the second floor was
laid out for lofts only, but before the build-
ing was well under way, property values
had so increased that it was necessary to
revise the upper floor for offices, which were
leased to a large insurance firm. An adapta-
tion of Spanish Colonial architecture was

[Turn to Page 102]

MY EUROPEAN IMPRESSIONS

CO Clauser>-fl/?rcfa'/ccf*3JKan&rancisco

IV. WESTMINSTER ABBEY

HIS church is undoubtedly the
most venerated spot in the British
Empire. It is the coronation
_ church of the sovereigns of Eng-
land and the memorial and burial place of
numerous kings, statesmen, poets, writers
and other noted personages.

The extreme length of the building is
531 feet, breadth of the transepts 203 feet,
height of the roof 102 feet, and height of
the towers 225 feet.

With the exception of Henry VITs
chapel the architec-
ture of the abbey is f
not on a par with the
great English cathe-
drals and in many
ways is disappoint-
ing in design.

A Norman church
was first erected on
this site by Edward
t h e Confessor i n
10 6 5, portions o f
which still remain;
but the main build-
ing was begun by
Henry III and vari-
ous additions were
made up to the time
of Henry VII, when
the chapel which
bears his name was
constructed. The
style of this chapel
is a fine example of
the late perpendic-
ular Gothic and in
this respect differs
from the rest of the
building. The inte-
rior fan vaulting is a
marvelous piece of

work and greatly to be admired. Strange-
ly the architect is unknown. The upper
parts of the two towers of the abbey proper
were designed by Sir Christopher Wren in
his usual cold and rigid style.

The interior of the abbey is filled with
numerous statues, memorials and tombs.
In fact, every available space on the walls
and floors seems to be occupied by memo-
rials and graves. To my mind it seems too
much overcrowded, but after entering the
church and wandering about, I was stirred

with unusual emo-
tion as I realized
that beneath my feet
were the remains of
so many of the
world's greatest men.
Among the hundreds
of graves covered by
the marble pave-
ments I paused with
emotional reverence
as I traced these
names : Chaucer,
Spenser, Isaac New-
ton, Handel, Dar-
win, Charles Dick-
ens, Tennyson, Pitt,
Gladstone, Dryden
and many more. The
remains of Queen
Elizabeth rest at one
side of the church
and on the opposite
side in a similar sep-
ulchre lies her vic-
tim, Mary Queen of
Scots.

Westminster Ab-
bey has inspired,
many writers. Wash-
ington Irving says:

[Turn to Page 102]

WESTMINSTER ABBEY, LONDON

fune, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

■

RESIDENCE OF MR. HAMILTON CARHARTT, JR., SAN MARINO, CALIFORNIA

Herbert R. Brewster, Architect

RESIDENCE OF MR. HAMILTON CARHARTT, JR., SAN MARINO, CALIFORNIA

Herbert R. Brewster, Architect

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

June, 1928

tO""' M

ni_y

SECOnO-STORYPLAM-

■<

PLANS. RESIDENCE OF MR. HAMILTON CARHARTT. Jr.. SAN MARINO

HERBERT R. BREWSTER. ARCHITECT

me AVTOMOBILE. CAMPING GGOVND

A Modenv (Element la ParL De/icja

ROGRAMS having for their ob- creasingly progressive and complex life

ject the development of public of the people. Correspondingly, individual

parks and recreational areas in local requirements have rapidly broadened

_ general, which in the past have to include those of the automobile public,

so clearly demonstrated their function of where heretofore the designing of the

conserving the health, the morals, and the average sized public park has involved the

fine spirit of cheerfulness and enthusiasm consideration only of those problems and

so vital to the welfare of our citizenship,
are rapidly developing in all progressive
communities. It has been said that "The
wrongs against society are committed by
our people not in their hours of work, but
in their hours of leisure," and the respon

features of direct interest and value to the
residents of the community in which it is
located.

While new features or elements, either
of utilitarian or aesthetic value in park
design and construction, are constantly de-

sibility lies not wholly with the people who manding consideration, probably one of the
perform these unfortunate acts but with the latest and quite important is the problem
people who have not been wise enough to involving the wholesome and friendly enter-
see to it that the fundamental business of tainment of the automobile traveling pub-
any community at large is to make it lie. The automobile has, without doubt,
increasingly easy for people to do right materially changed many of our business
and increasingly hard for them to do methods as well as those which have hereto
wrong. It is gratifying to note that many governed our mode of living in general,
communities have thus far not lost sight of and like all similar important revolutionary
the economic value of parks and recrea- factors, it has introduced numerous prob-
tional areas, and are continuing to make it lems which must necessarily reach a solu-
easy for our people to find wholesome, tion before unity and harmony of thought

jPTifiiiyfpw

happy and healthful
outdoor enjoyment so
necessary to the up-
building of their men-
tal and moral fiber.

From the small
level areas providing
only an irregular
greensward and a mis-
cellaneous tree
growth, have been de-
veloped the so-called
modern park-play-
grounds with their
numerous features
and a more compact,
intensive use, all com- plan of motor park, marysville, California

patible With the in- J. W. Gregg, Landscape Architect

and action can pre-
vail.

As a pleasure ve-
hicle the automobile
is serving the very im-
portant and desirable
function of bringing
thousands of people
into closer and more
intimate contact with
the open country. It
is calling forth that
wanderlust and prim-
itive instinct for camp
life so inherent in us as
a nation of pioneers.
So extensive has be-
come this type of traf-

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER

June, 1928

SUPERINTENDENTS HOME, AUTOMOBILE PARK,
MARYS VILLF

J. W. Gregg, Landscape Architect

fic that good roads and hotels are not always
an absolute necessity for those who wish to
penetrate the heretofore strictly rural dis-
tricts. Good roads, however, as they con-
tinue to spread in net-like fashion over the
state, are important factors in directing and
controlling the bulk of automobile traffic.
Because of the large amount of such traffic
and the fact that an increasingly large num-
ber of people are making a practice of
camping en route, the numerous beauty
spots, which were originally located along
our highways and which furnished ideal
conditions for temporary camps, are fast
being destroyed.

The ''auto pirate" and the "road hog"
are one and the same animal, living off
the "fat of the land," destroying and render-
ing unsanitary all camping spots which they
frequent. Roadside thievery, vandalism,
and undesirable sanitary conditions are
calling to the attention of towns and cities
the necessity and desirability of establish-
ing municipal auto parking areas where
proper camping facilities can be furnished
and maintained in satisfactory condition.
Many municipalities in California are now
providing such camping sites and their
popularity is evidenced by the heavy de-
mands made upon them. That such features
are serving a very useful purpose is with-
out question.

The introduction of the auto camping
feature not only adds a new element to park
design, but many new problems as well, and

California towns and cities are meeting the
main problem in three different ways:

First, by securing a piece of wooded land
near the highway outside of the city proper
and permitting free camping privileges.
Very often in this case there are no con-
veniences installed by the city, and little or
no attention is paid to the maintenance of
the area. Sometimes rough board tables
and seats are built, water piped to the site,
and rough toilet facilities provided. Such
areas are, of course, better than nothing, but
as a rule they soon become damaged and
misused to such an extent that they are
unattractive to the better class of tourists.

Second, some communities which already
possess large or medium sized parks, which
may be wholly or partly developed, are
setting aside a portion of such parks for
camp use, and as a rule providing more and
better camping facilities. Because such an
area is within the park as a whole, it also
receives some care, and does not, therefore,
become a seriously objectionable feature.
Usually, however, such a camping area is
located with no regard for the design of the
park as a whole, and is consequently a most
conspicuous and obtrusive element. Such a
feature, like all others in park design,
should appear to fit into the general scheme,
and become a useful as well as ornamental
element.

Many cities and towns possess parks with
undeveloped spaces where, with due regard

SHELTER, FOLDING TABLE AND SEATS, AUTO
PARK, MARYSVILLE

J. W. Gregg, Landscape Architect

June, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

to the principles of landscape design and
the proper functioning of elements, most
serviceable and pleasing camp sites may be
established. If in attempting to locate such
an area the design and uses of the park as
a whole are not studied, the auto camping
ground will prove a conspicuous and often-
times disagreeable ''after thought." Such
camping spaces should be made as attrac-
tive as the rest of the park by the use of a
reasonable amount of ornamental plantings
and the utilization of materials of construc-
tion which are similar to those used else-
where in the park as a whole.

Roads and walks should be definitely
located, well built, and maintained. Proper
facilities for cooking should be permanently
located in order to prevent campers from
building fires wTherever their fancy dictates.
A good water and sewerage system should
be installed, and proper bathing and toilet
facilities conveniently but not conspicuously

located. It is most desirable to extend the
lighting system to that portion of the park
as well as to install all other features which
will in any way aid in making the site con-
venient, healthy, pleasant and attractive.

Third, those communities which up to the
present have never possessed a well devel-
oped park or playground, and which cannot
afford to secure a very large piece of land,
are meeting this auto camping problem by
first having detailed landscape plans pre-
pared which can be followed as fast as time
and funds permit. Such plans should pro-
vide in a systematic and attractive way for
all the features necessary for the health and
enjoyment of citizens of the community as
well as for those strangers within its gates.
If such plans can be prepared in advance
of any construction work, all park, play-
ground, and auto camping features can be
so arranged as to produce the maximum of
service and beauty.

SCIENCE APPLIED to APXHITECTVP-E

Sis Cf? J^maA. ~ d>cono m/lrS

HE evolution of the construction
industry is so rapid that we are
compelled now and then to survey
conditions, lest we continue to
follow methods that were suitable yester-
day, but which do not meet the problems
of today. Under such conditions the com-
petent architect begins to wonder why he
has to compete with services that are
inferior to his own in quantity, quality and
price.

Architects who have built up firm and
wide reputations for competency do not,
as a rule, have to meet unfair competition.
The question arises, "Should the architect
who is competent to produce a good piece
of art but whose reputation is not yet estab-
lished, be compelled to suffer the conse-

quences of degenerated practices? Is it
possible to prevent conditions that are
detrimental to honest, efficient and truly
economical architectural services?"

The answer is, that no profession is fully
matured or able to reach its highest state
of efficiency without having partly become
a science. The majority must apply science
to their profession in order to advance and
achieve the position of the minority who
do not have to meet unfair competition. The
architect who knows that he can and does
give economical service to the client places
himself beyond the reach of unfair com-
petition.

Unfair competition is practices indulged
in by the other fellow beyond your power
of equal defense. An architect often accepts

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

June, 192S

work wherein the receipt of the fee for
designing is a pure gamble, depending on
the job's maturing. How can this architect
be expected to give economical service?
Yet, if such a job matures, the client and
the public in general only appreciate the
cheapness of this architect's fee and know
nothing of the quantity and quality of ser-
vice rendered. What can you do about it?

At times, commissions are accepted at a
very low rate through unfair competition
and the contractor and sub-contractors are
compelled to do most of the designing.
How does your complete service compare
against odds of this nature? There are even
cases where the designer, possibly unknow-
ingly, pads the client's payroll by accepting
gratuity from contractors or others. These
are only a few methods of unfair competi-
tion. There are many others which reflect
disadvantage, not only upon the one who
indulges in them, but the profession and the
entire industry; although probably no harm
is intended.

The prevention of such practices can only
come about if the majority of architects will
publicly declare a definite itemized list of
their services with the corresponding
charge. Discrepancies could then be de-
tected by the client who has knowledge of
what he should receive for a certain sum of
money.

The construction survey will do more
good than anything else in educating the
client. Plans and specifications which are
not properly made or written cannot be
properly surveyed or built from and the
client will be sure to find this out when a
surveyor is on the job from the prelimin-
aries to the finish. Every architect owes it
to himself to use methods which will show
every possible evidence of the right intent
and economy of his service. The survey is
both an aid to and proof of it. Only thus
will the public learn the difference between
competent and incompetent service.

There are now a number of trade and
professional organizations that are fighting
against "incomplete'' drawings and "un-
specific" specifications. Construction sur-

veying is an entirely new profession, and
it has not yet occurred to the existing pro-
fessions or trades to utilize surveys as a
means of bettering conditions. The surveyor
makes it his business to prevent insufficiency
of information and misinterpretation. This
means of prevention is a safeguard to the
architect as well as the client and builder.

Co-operation with the surveyor will bring
about quick and effective results without
cost or disruption between the various
branches of the industry. The surveyor does
not propose to clean up the industry. He
does, however, provide the means whereby
the industry and the public will be encour-
aged to play fair.

In the present practice of architecture the
architect has come more and more in con-
tact with the engineering and business
phases of his profession in a degree un-
known to the architect of years ago.

The architect's business knowledge is be-
ing made more complete as it becomes
necessary for him to carry on transactions
with and for his client. His contact with
the management branch of engineering,
which is the builder, is of long standing.
More recently the architect has begun a
closer co-operation with the structural and
mechanical designing divisions of engineer-
ing. The next step in the evolution of his
profession is to secure the co-operation of
the first essential division of engineering
knowledge, the surveying of construction.

Architecture alone is art or negative
knowledge but through co-ordination with
each division of engineering, architecture
becomes economically productive because
the negative and positive forces commune
in absolute harmony; art having become
mated with science. This fusion of archi-
tecture and engineering, through the divi-
sion of surveying, will provide the architect
his most needed helpmate, the construction
surveyor.

Construction surveying is the science of
measurement, tabulation and analysis by
uniform units applied to the quantity and
quality of material and workmanship in the
physical members of a civil structure.

EKGlKEEaS1 EMLDlNG
SAN FRANCISCO "

by C7m- J^nyc/er ~ C' C/

is a far cry from the original
quarters in the basement of the
Sutter Hotel, under the Kearny
Street sidewalk, to the present

uxunous rooms on
floors of the Insurance
Center Building, San
Francisco, where to-
day the Engineers'
Club is located.
Older members who
have seen the transi-
tion from the very
modest two basement
rooms to the present
commodious, light
and airy quarters,
may justly feel a
thrill of satisfaction at
the progress made by
this professional or-
ganization.

A hasty glance at
the roster indicates
that at least sixty of
the seven hundred and
fifty members date
back to the early days
in the basement. Be-
side those engaged in
strictly professional
work, there are many
executives in various
manufacturing enter-
prises and public ser-
vice corporations, as
well as representatives
of not a few eastern
manufacturing con-
cerns.

The vision and en-
thusiasm of W. W.
Briggs and others ac-

me 14th and 15th

complished the removal from the Sutter
Hotel to the top story of the Mechanics In-
stitute Building at 57 Post Street. Here
the growth was steady, except for some lean
years during the World War, in which the

Club was well repre-
also,

fill

33 m in mi-
ni b mWn

lllill'li
III IB 11

l ii mil

iiiliii ii si m

ENGINEERS' CLUB BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO
Powers and Ahnden, Architects

sented. Here,
we paid off our debts
and began the accum-
ulation of a surplus
against the time when
we would have to
have more commo-
dious quarters.

It is a matter of
pride to the active
members of the Club
during those years at
57 Post Street, that
they were able to keep
the Club going on,
even during adverse
conditions, and bring
it into its present pros-
perous state. Too
much credit cannot be
given to those who
gave their time and
labor for the good of
the organization.

When the time
came to plan for new
quarters, the club was
in a position to call on
specialists in every
line connected with
construction, equip-
m e n t, decoration,
planning, furnishing,
etc., to the end that we
have not only utilized
the space to the best
advantage, but have

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

June, 1928

gotten our money's worth in everything in
connection with making the rooms usable
and a joy to the members.

The Engineers Club, as its name indi-
cates, is primarily for engineers of all
branches, including chemists and archi-
tects. Probably ninety per cent of its mem-
bers are engaged in work pertaining to one

eties there are weekly luncheons which
any member of a society may attend,
whether a member of the Club or not by
purchasing a luncheon ticket, thus promot-
ing sociability among members of the va-
rious societies and adding to the enjoyment
of the meetings. Meetings of Engineering
Council are also held at the Club, as well

LOUNGE, ENGINEERS' CLUB, SAN FRANCISCO
Powers and Ahnden, Architects

of these branches. The bylaws permit a
limited number of members of other pro-
fessions or business men in pursuits allied
to engineering. While the Club is social in
character, it is much more than a social
club, being the meeting place for most of
the engineering societies, and the head-
quarters for engineering activities of all
kinds. In addition to the monthly meetings
and dinners of the major engineering sod-

as of various minor engineering organiza-
tions.

Interest is, created by occasional
luncheon talks by visiting engineers or
others on live topics of special or general
interest, engineering works, travel, etc.,
often illustrated by slides or moving
pictures.

This resume of engineering activities
sounds somewhat formidable, but as a mat-

June, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

ter of fact the ordinary club life goes on
much as in any social club, as a glance at
the lounge, library or game room would
readily show. Though sometimes charac-
terized as unsocial and unduly serious, the
engineer can be and is a delightful com-
panion, and has the ability to talk on almost
any subject scientific, political or frivolous,

clean politics, and a greater and more
glorious San Francisco.

A. I. A. CONVENTION

The Pacific Coast delegates to the
American Institute Convention in St. Louis
have returned home enthusiastic over the
success of the meeting. The various

DINING ROOM, ENGINEERS- CLUB, SAN FRANCISCO
Powers and Ahnden, Architects

entertainingly and with a good working
knowledge of his subject. The character of
his occupation is such as to require clear
thinking and accurate knowledge. Many of
the members are active in the various sec-
tions of the Commonwealth Club, and other
civic and social organizations, and the
members generally are interested in the de-
velopment of the community, in which they
take an active part: civic improvement.

Chapters will hear reports from delegates
at their next meetings.

Standardization of design threatens the
nation's architecture, the board of directors
of the Institute declared in a report to the
convention. Fear was expressed that design
may become "ordinary, humdrum, and
nondescript," reducing communities all
over the United States to a common level.
''There is even now becoming evident in

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

June, 1928

LIBRARY, ENGINEERS' CLUB, SAN FRANCISCO
Powers and Ahnden, Architects

our work from Coast to Coast, from the
Great Lakes to the Gulf, a universal prod-
uct made to sell, and this cannot be attrib-
uted alone to the efforts of the uneducated or
inefficient architect," the report said. "His-
torical associations appear to be more and
more neglected and considered by mem-
bers of the profession as of diminishing or
little importance," the report continued.
"In consequence a certain charm and the
resulting surprises that might properly be
anticipated in traveling, here or there, are
less easily found as time goes by."

"The age of specialization is not leading
up to the mountain tops," said J. Monroe
Hewlett of New York, chairman of the
Institute's committee on allied arts, who
directed a convention symposium on col-
laboration in the arts of design.

"The vaster the fabric of the nation, the
more essential it becomes that the efforts of
all the individuals who are contributing to

the finished result shall be efficiently co-
ordinated."

Community planning to bring about
balanced use of neighborhood areas, to
adapt zoning to the age of electricity and
to check the "disfiguration" of rural Amer-
ica were other subjects discussed at the
meeting. The influence of the layman, of
the art patron, of environment, of tradition
and of education on the art of design were
also considered.

C. Herrick Hammond of Chicago was
elected president to succeed Milton B.
Medary of Philadelphia.

J. Monroe Hewlett of Brooklyn, N. YM
was chosen first vice-president and William
J. Sayward of Atlanta, Ga., second vice-
president. Frank C. Baldwin of Wash-
ington, D. C, secretary, and Edwin Berg-
strom of Los Angeles, treasurer, were re-
elected.

1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

Keystone, Photo

TOWER, PASADENA CITY HALL, PASADENA, CALIFORNIA
BAKEWELL AND BROWN, ARCHITECTS

June, 1928

ARCHITECT

/\ND ENGINEER.

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TOWER, PASADENA CITY HALL, PASADENA, CALIFORNIA

BAKEWELL AND BROWN, ARCHITECTS

func, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND LNCINEER.

DOME FROM PATIO, PASADENA CITY HALL, PASADENA

BAKEWELL AND BROWN, ARCHITECTS

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

June, 192

FOURTH FLOOR PLAN, PASADENA CITY HALL, PASADKNA

BAKEWELL AND BROWN. ARCHITECTS

fune, 1^28

ARCHITECT

AND ENCINEER,

STAIR TOWER FROM PATIO, PASADENA CITY HALL. PASADENA

BAKEWELL AND BROWN, ARCHITECTS

U/2Qj

June, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

"lm W. Topham, Photo

PASADENA CITY HALL, PASADENA, CALIFORNIA

BAKEWELL AND BROWN, ARCHITECTS

lunc. 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

DETAIL, MAIN ENTRANCE, PASADENA CITY HALL, PASADENA

BAKEWELL AND BROWN, ARCHITECTS

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ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

ENTRANCE FROM PATIO, PASADENA CITY HALL, PASADENA

BAKEWELL AND BROWN, ARCHITECTS

June, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

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June, 1928

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FIRST AND THIRD FLOOR PLANS. PASADENA CITY HALL, PASADENA

BAKEWELL AND BROWN, ARCHITECTS

lunc, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENCINEER,

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ARCADE OF PATIO, PASADENA CITY HALL, PASADENA

BAKEWELL AND BROWN, ARCHITECTS

Illf,

1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

AHCHITE1CT

AND ENGINEER,

June, 1928

PLAN, RESIDENCE FOR AIR. AND MRS. GILBERT ZOLLING. OAKLAND

GUY L. BROWN, ARCHITECT

June, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

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June, 1928 '

PLOT AND FLOOR PLAN, HOUSE FOR MRS. BERTHA CROMWELL. OAKLAND

GUY L. BROWN, ARCHITECT

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

June, 1928

PLOT AND FLOOR PLAN, HOUSE FOR FRED T. WOOD, OAKLAND

GUY L. BROWN, ARCHITECT

VS2Q;

June, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

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PLOT AND FLOOR PLANS. RESIDENCE FOR BESTOR ROBINSON. OAKLAND

GUY L. BROWN, ARCHITECT

June, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENCINEER.

jUY L. DR.OWN AUCHT.

iOl. -Anil. ^AU. JLPG CIKLANP CU.

PERSPECTIVE, BUILDING FOR FRED T. WOOD CO., INC., OAKLAND

GUY L. BROWN, ARCHITECT

fune, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

BUILDING FOR FRED T. WOOD CO., INC., OAKLAND

GUY L. BROWN, ARCHITECT

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

June. 1928

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PLANS, OFFICE BUILDING FOR FRED T. WOOD CO., INC., OAKLAND

GUY L. BROWN, ARCHITECT

June, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

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CASURED DRAWING FOR MARBLE DOOR AND WINDOW TRIM, ARLINGTON MEMORIAL

AMPHITHEATRE, WASHINGTON, D. C.

CARRERE & HASTINGS, ARCHITECTS

LEGAL ASPECTS OF
BVILDlNG LINE ORDINANCES

Y A Building Line, or Set-Back
Ordinance, is ordinarily meant
one which requires that all build-
ings that may be erected upon a
particular street be so located that no sub-
stantial part thereof shall be within a cer-
tain distance of the street line. Ordinances
regulating the heights of buildings or re-
quiring that above a certain height they
shall be "set back" a certain number of feet
are not included in this discussion.

Building line ordinances may be enacted
for either of two very distinct purposes. A
failure to clearly distinguish between these
two purposes has lead to considerable con-
fusion as to the validity of such ordinances
in particular instances.

First, a building line may be established
on a certain street for the purpose of insur-
ing adequate light, air and sunshine to
buildings on the street, of lessening fire
hazard, and of preserving the attractiveness
of the street for residential uses. Such pur-
poses are substantially the same as those
which prompt zoning legislation. Such an
ordinance finds its sanction, for example, in
the same considerations as does an ordinance
preventing the industrial use of property
located in a residence district.

Secondly, a building line may be estab-
lished for the purpose of precluding the
necessity of destroying improvements when
the street is later widened. When a city
purports to establish a building or set-back
line upon a street which it contemplates
widening, its purpose usually is simply to
save the city the cost of the improvements
when the property is actually condemned
for street purposes.

It is, of course, a settled tenet of Amer-
ican constitutional law that private property

Editor's Note: Nearly all the Pacific Coast cities are either contem-
plating the use of extensive set-back lines or have already imposed them
on streets; indicating that this subject is of vital concern to the building
industry Mr. Landels is counsel to the Major Highway Committee of
Uakland.

cannot be taken for public use except upon
the payment of compensation. (Private
property consists as much, of course, of
those rights incident to ownership as of the
physical property itself.) It is equally well
settled, however, that an owner is not
entitled to compensation for incidental
damage to his property resulting from the
exercise of the so-called "police power." By
the police power is meant the power
residing in the states and their political
subdivisions to adopt and enforce the laws
designed to promote the public health,
safety, or general welfare. Comprehensive
zoning ordinances are sustained as a valid
exercise of the police power.

There are, to be sure, no very clear lines
of demarcation between those restrictions
upon the use of private property which are
held to be a valid exercise of the police
power and for which no compensation need
be made, and those which are held to con-
stitute a taking of private property for pub-
lic use. If a city, by a zoning ordinance,
prevents an owner from building anything
but a single family residence upon his lot,
it has unquestionably deprived him of a
part of his property. The validity of such
restrictions were long in doubt, but are now
in appropriate cases held a legitimate exer-
cise of the police power and no compensa-
tion need be paid the owner affected. If
the city, however, creates a public easement
upon a strip of a man's lot for street or for
park purposes it must compensate him. The
distinction, though not very real upon
analysis, is for practical purposes, evident
enough.

When a city, by a set-back ordinance, pre-
vents an owner from building within a cer-
tain distance of the street, it has deprived
him of a valuable property right, whatever
the object it have in mind. The individual
owner may be no less injuriously affected

100

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

June, 1928

when the purpose is to preserve the resi-
dential attractiveness of the street, as when
the purpose is to save the city the cost of
purchasing improvements when the street is
later widened. There would seem, however,
to be much the same distinction as that
between a single family zoning ordinance,
and the acquirement of a street easement.

Suffice it to say, that as the law stands,
apparently the former "type" of set-back is
valid with no provision for compensation,
while the latter type is valid only if means
are provided for compensating the owners
affected.

American constitutional law has inherited
much of the genius of the common law for
adjusting itself to the needs of the time.
That zoning legislation in a very real sense
amounts to a taking of private property for
public use cannot be gainsaid. Such legisla-
tion generally divides a city's area into
zones and decrees that only certain types of
structures can be built upon property
located within the respective zones, that in
certain zones only a certain area of a lot
may be built upon, and that in certain zones
nothing but single family residences may
be built. The imperative need of such legis-
lation, coupled with the practical impos-
sibility of ever satisfactorily compensating
the owners for the loss occasioned by such
restrictions has led the courts, after much
travail, to classify zoning legislation as a
valid exercise of the police power. In the
last analysis the reasoning of the courts in
the recent zoning cases has been of a very
practical variety.

In common with zoning legislation there
has long been a conflict as to the validity of
set-back ordinances. The Supreme Court
of Maine, for example, in 1925, said:

"The weight of authority seems to be that building
lines cannot be justified under the police power . . .
but must be accomplished by the exercise of the right
of eminent domain with compensation ; such by the
law of this state, is the method for the establishment
of parks."

In two recent cases, however, the con-
stitutionality of building line ordinances
making no provision for compensating
owners affected have been sustained. In
each of these cases the ordinances affected
residential streets and could be said to be

intended to insure light, air, and sunshine,
to reduce the fire hazard, and to generally
promote the public welfare. In the case of
Gorieb vs. Fox et al, 47 Sup. Ct. Rep. (Adv.
Sheets) 675, the United States Supreme
Court in May of last year held that such an
ordinance of Roanoke, Virginia, did not
violate any right guaranteed under the
federal constitution. In the case Thille vs.
Board of Public Works of Los Angeles, 52
Cal. App. Dec. 927, the California District
Court of Appeal, in April of last year, held
that such an ordinance did not violate any
rights guaranteed under the California
State Law.

In the former case the Supreme Court
said :

"The remaining contention is that the ordinance, by
compelling petitioner to set his building back from
the street line of his lot, deprives him of property
without due process of law. Upon that question the
decisions are divided as they are in respect to the
validity of zoning legislation generally.

"But after full discussion of the conflicting deci-
sions, we recently have held in Euclid vs. Amber Co.,
272 U. S. 365, 47 S. Ct. 114, 71 L. Ed. 303, that
comprehensive zoning laws and ordinances, prescribing,
among other things, the height of buildings to be
erected (Welch vs. Swasey, 215 U. S. 91 : 29 S. Ct.
567; 53 L. Ed. 923) and the extent of the area to
be left open for light and air, and in aid of fire
protection, etc., are in their general scope valid under
the federal constitution. It is hard to see any con-
trolling difference between regulations which require
the lot owner to leave open spaces at the sides and
rear of his house and limit the extent of his use of the
space above his lot and a regulation which require?
him to set his building back a reasonable distance
from the street. Each interferes in the same way, if
not to the same extent, with the owner's general right
of dominion over his property. All rest for their
justification upon the same reasons which have arisen
in recent times as a result of the great increase and
concentration of population in urban communities and
the vast changes in the extent and complexity of the
problems of modern city life."

In this case the Roanoke ordinance
created set-back lines which were required
to be at least as far from the street as were
sixty per cent of the existing houses in the
block. Under the ordinance the council
reserved the authority to make exceptions
and permit the erection of buildings closer
to the street.

In the Thille case the California court
sustained an ordinance of Los Angeles
which prohibited the erection of any build-

me,

1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENCINEER,

101

ig within thirty feet of the street line of a
articular street. The court goes so far as
i say that the police power extends to the
rotection of a person's health, comfort and
aiet. The opinion, though loosely written,
robably establishes the validity of such
rdinances in California.

The enormous increase in the use of the
Litomobile during the last decade has im-
osed upon city streets a burden they were
ever designed to bear. Our streets have
roven inadequate to the demands of indi-
idual automobile transportation.

To meet this problem many cities have,
uring the last few years, adopted compre-
ensive major street plans; in California,
otably Los Angeles, Oakland, Sacramento
nd San Jose. These plans consist of com-
rehensive systems of major traffic thor-
ughfares designed to take care of all of
le more important traffic movements
/hich exist or are likely to develop in the
espective cities during the next twenty or
birty years.

Needless to say, these street plans con-
emplate many and extensive street open-
ngs and widening projects. The cost of
aany such projects is so great that, unless
heir need is immediately compelling, they
vill not be carried out for several years,
rheir eventual necessity is, however, con-
eded.

If new buildings are permitted to be
:rected to the existing street line on streets
vhich it is proposed to widen, any widen-
ng will, in many cases, become forever im-
)ossible. The cost will be made prohibitive,
rraffic will be forced to take other less
lesirable routes or subways and elevateds
vill be erected.

If, instead, all new buildings upon such
streets can be required to be set back to the
ines of the street as they will be when the
street is widened, the cost of widening may
3e greatly reduced. The widening may be-
:ome almost automatic as the existing build-
ings become obsolete. In Los Angeles many
new and costly buildings have been set back
on Eighth Street, greatly facilitating the
eventual widening of the street in accord-
ance with the major street plan.

The courts have universally held that
an ordinance which purports to require that

new buildings be set back a certain distance
from one's property line to conform to the
lines of a new street or street widening, is
unconstitutional unless provision is made
for compensating the owner. But few states
have provided satisfactory procedure for
compensating owners in such cases.

In many cases, of course, damages result-
ing from the establishment of a set-back line
will be merely nominal, particularly when
no building already exists or none is con-
templated. When, however, one is required
to set back a building on a street on which
many buildings already extend to the street
line the damages may be considerable. They
may consist not only of loss of business and
tenants due to the set-back but actual loss of
floor space.

If the city were required in the first
instance to establish the set-back by bring-
ing an action against the owner of each lot
to condemn an easement, the procedure
would be long and costly. Some statutes
therefore provide that any owner failing to
claim compensation within a certain time
after the passage of the ordinance will be
deemed to have waived any. Those claim-
ing damages are entitled to have them
assessed by commissions with a right of
appeal to the courts.

The Standard City Planning Enabling
Act, prepared by the Advisory Committee
on City Planning and Zoning appointed by
Secretary Hoover, outlines the most satis-
factory procedure yet devised. Under this
procedure if a city council contemplates
widening a street, say twenty-five feet on
one side, within say five years, the council
may pass an ordinance declaring that a strip
on one side of the street is, for a period of
five years, "reserved for future acquisition."
Any owner affected may within a certain
period file a claim for compensation. The
compensation is then determined by a board
of appraisors with a right of appeal to the
courts.

The act then provides that when the street
is widened and the twenty-five foot strip
actually acquired no compensation shall be
paid for any structure erected on the strip
during the period of reservation. The effect
of such procedure is to protect the city from

102

r^7

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

June, 192<

having to pay for destroying costly improve-
ments erected after it has been determined
to widen the street, and at the same time
to protect the individual owner from anv
loss resulting from his inabilitv to erect
anything but temporary structures on the
reserved strip.

These provisions were substantially in-
corporated in the California City Planning
Act, adopted at the last session of the legis-
lature (Statutes 1927, Chap. 874). One or
two errors were made in drawing the act,
however, which may make their provisions
inoperative. Likewise, no provision was
made for the creation of assessment districts
to bear the cost of establishing such lines.
If the necessary corrections are effected at
the next session of the legislature, California
cities will have an equitable and workable
method for protecting future street widen-
ings and openings.

Legislation has not kept pace with the
city planning movement. If the beneficent
effects of city planning, zoning and archi-
tectural control are to be realized, effective
legislation must be devised and constitu-
tional limitations must receive a more
liberal interpretation. And no sort of legis-
lation is more important than that which
will protect the carrying out of city plans
by requiring all public and private develop-
ment as far as practicable to conform to a
scheme for the physical development of a
community or region.

bones of the greatest men of past times. \vh<
have filled history with their deeds, and tht
earth with their renown."

WESTMINSTER ABBEY

[Concluded from Page 56]

"The spaciousness and gloom of this vast
edifice produce a profound and mysterious
awe. We step cautiously and softly about,
as if fearful of disturbing the hallowed
silence of the tomb; while every footfall
whispers along the walls, and chatters
among the sepulchres, making us more sen-
sible of the quiet we have interrupted. It
seems as if the awful nature of the place
presses down upon the soul, and hushes the
beholder into noiseless reverence. We feel
that we are surrounded by the congregated

WORK OF GUY L. BROWN,
ARCHITECT

[Concluded from Page 55]

used, with an arcade treatment of the front
for display purposes. The street front ex-
terior is of matt glaze polychrome terra
cotta with tile roof, ornamental iron window-
rails and pink Tennessee marble base at the
bottom of the show windows. The structure
has a reinforced concrete frame with terra
cotta tile curtain walls.

The interior is laid out with ornamental
plaster beams and brackets in the main
business lobby, which is twenty feet in clear
height. All walls and trim are stippled
in Tiffany blend finish with mahoganv and
plate-glass counters, pink Tennessee marble
floor and ornamental iron rails. The rear
portion of the main floor is divided into
offices, closing rooms, etc., as shown in the
plan, with a mezzanine floor extending over
the office portion. The building is equipped
with a steam heating system which is sup->
plied with steam from commercial street
mains. There is an automatic elevator run-
ning from the first to the second floor.

NOTABLE BUILDING RESTORED

A most interesting story attaches to the restoration
in America of an old English priory, originally con-
structed in the twelfth century, at Warwick, England
This building, now a home in Richmond, Virginia*
was bought at auction in England by Alexander W!
Weddell, consul-general in Mexico for the Unitec
States.

The priory, once purchased, was brought to America
and with the assistance of Henry G. Morse, well
known architect of New York City, was re-erecte«
in Windsor Farms, Richmond, Virginia.

The priory as purchased was in reality in thre<.
parts. There was a section belonging to the twelftl
century, another part representing Elizabethan period
and the third obviously Georgian. When brought tc
Richmond the material was rebuilt into a design whicl
faithfully restores portions of three historic English
houses.

ROBT STACY -JUDD'S MAYAN WORK

[An Appreciation]

ihkir's Note- The author oj this communication is a native oj Guatemala and a sculptor of considerable experience in the ancient Toltec, Mayan and
Aztei arts, One o) the best examples oj Mr. Stacy-Jtldd's Mayan architecture is the Community Hotel, Monrovia, California,
which was illustrated in The Architect and Engineer, May, 1926.

RENAISSANCE of Mayan architecture
and the allied arts is to be deplored,
but if the theme alone is not suffi-
cient on which to create a new style, then
,et us rejoice in a Mayan renaissance. How-
ler, a great hope is now fostered that the
creative geniuses will finally establish a
ourse which will lead to the greatest desire
>f the people of Northern America,
lamely, an architecture purely their own.
\ start has been made and we look with
,ntense feelings to the individual instances
is they mature in widely scattered points on
;his continent. All indications point to the
establishment of a decided American style.
Architects and artists, manufacturers and
aymen, are enthusiastic about the glories
)f the ancient Mayans and with general
public encouragement, a revolution in
irehitecture and its allied arts and crafts is
issured.

i Mayan architecture, which flourished in
he northern part of Central America, be-
sides being one of the most beautiful of the
indent styles of the continent, is considered
Derhaps the most advanced by reason of its
structural development and well thought
Dut details. It has come to attract the atten-
tion of architects and artists, perhaps be-
cause of its unique and mysterious char-
acteristics, highly developed and yet retain-
ing much that is primitive.

The lively interest that I have sustained
'since my first youth in the study of the
national art of my country makes me note
with deep satisfaction the universal recog-
nition and high artistic values that the
ancient monuments of our Indians are n6w
receiving, and I follow with great interest
its growth from day to day in Northern
America.

In California has fallen the seed of
Mayan architecture and already beautiful
buds are blossoming. An architect, Robert
B. Stacy-Judd, who resides in Hollywood,

California, is the first architect in America
to develop a new architecture from the
styles of the Mayan art in harmony with
structural requirements and modern neces-
sities, practical and decorative. 1 notice his
personality characteristically displayed in
his compositions and his unbalanced sym-
metry, if I may so phrase it, that results in
opportune and happy originality. In the
development of the projects he has worked
freely, allowing fantasy to run without
putting too many restrictions upon it, and
the result is a most harmonious develop-
ment and concrete whole of great unity, due
no doubt to the conciliation between the
aesthetic viewpoint of the architect and the
demands of modern planning and require-
ments. The vivid imagination of Mr.
Stacy-Judd stamps his creations as very
original rhythms of modern thought and
link the elements of the Mayan archi-
tectural style in harmonious and elegant
distributions.

To his interior decorative ornament and
color schemes he displays the ostentation
that pertained to the temples and palaces
of the Mayan era, whilst again he combines
the elements of colonial California, ori-
ginally characterized in the style of the
Mission and Spanish, with sincere motives,
achieving results of exquisite discretion.

Another noteworthy theme of the archi-
tectural developments of the architect, Mr.
Stacy-Judd, is seen when he treats with
great expansion the styles of construction
and design of the Indians of Southwestern
United States and Northern Mexico that
still exist in the native pueblos of the Hopi,
Zuni, and Navajos of New Mexico and
Arizona. These enchanting and sincere
creations of Mr. Stacy-Judd are without
doubt preserving in the most permanent
manner the distinct humanness of the an-
cient Toltec, Mayan and Aztec peoples.
Rafael Yela Gunther, Sculptor

Hollywood, California.

103

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

SINCE 1905

An illustrated monthly magazine of Architecture, Engineering and
Allied Arts and Crafts.

The publishers disclaim any responsibility for statements made in
the advertisements of this magazine. Member of the Western
Business Papers Association.

Yearly subscription in advance to all parts of the United States,
$3.00 : Canada, $4.00 ; Foreign, $4.50 ; Single Copies 50 cents.

Publication Office:

1662 RUSS BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO

Telephones Douglas 1828 - 1829

Vol. 93

JUNE, 1928

No. 3

A Plea For Competitions

N another page is published a com-
munication by Curtis Tobey, architect
of San Diego, urging the Board of Educa-
tion of that city to sponsor an architectural
competition for new school buildings to be
built under a recently authorized bond issue
of $2,313,000. Mr. Tobey, in a letter to the
editor, expresses the belief that the time
has come for the revival of architectural
competitions for public work. He adds,
"I do not mean a return to the old system
which so often was competition in name
only and a cloak to the worst sore of politi-
cal intrigue, but a restoration of the office
of architectural competitions to function in
its true spirit and principle and to rightful
objectives."

We hope Mr. Tobey will be successful,
but admitting all that he says about over-
coming the old system of political intrigue,
there always will be some sore ones after a
competition. Each competitor naturally re-
gards his plan the best. Failing of recogni-
tion he is sure to feel badly and while there
are those who will admit defeat and take
their medicine philosophically, still there
are others who refuse to accept a winning
design as better than their own. They
usually find an excuse for grumbling. Not
infrequently they fortify themselves with
technical data that points out the winning

104

contestant's failure to comply with the let-
ter of the program and so on ad infinit-
um. But nevertheless competitions are to:
be encouraged, especially when conducted
as Mr. Tobey would have them.

Unquestionably the general institution
of such competitions for selection and ap-
pointment of architects, arranged and gov-'
erned in intelligent fairness to all con-
cerned, would do more to stimulate art and
architecture and its allied crafts and to
awaken the interest of the general public to
a keener appreciation of the value of archi-
tectural service than any other modern-day
movement.

Public Knows Good Design

-VlD YOU ever stop to consider how a
I building expresses the character of the

man who built it? If it is cheap, poorlyl
planned, shoddily built, ugly in line and
proportion, it expresses a fundamental lack
in the character of its owner. His judgment
has been defective.

Have you ever seen a building built by a .
man who was essentially greedy in char-
acter? The marks of that greed stand out
as plainly as the words on a printed page.
That man himself, is usually the only one
who is unable to read it, for he is blinded
by his own egotism. And so, as you build,
you tell the enduring story of the man that
is you. You may not be able to read it, but
the public is commencing to acquire that
ability. Public taste in things artistic, in
architecture, is growing. And still we have
a long way to travel in this respect.

If you doubt the growth of the artistic
appreciation of the people of the United
States, compare the architecture of ouri
buildings of twenty years ago with archi-
tecture of today. The comparison will bd
a startling revelation to you. The typical
architectural complex is a curious one. The
architect is a peculiar fellow. Being an
artist, he frequently possesses the inability
to market his knowledge or to impress his
ability upon you.

In an age of advertising and publicity,
we architects have fallen far behind in the
race. I grant you it is our fault. The public
has an increasing desire and appreciation

June, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

105

for beauty in architecture but it doesn't
seem to know how to get it. In California,
out of one hundred men who build, but
seven employ an architect. Think of it!
The public has been taught the contractor
is the important man to whom to look for
beauty and substantiality in building.

By smooth, plausible selling methods,
ithe dear public has all too frequently been
taught to believe in the soothing fallacy of
free plans. The direct result of this has
ibeen the designing of many important
buildings by young and inexperienced
draughtsmen, usually in the employ of the
contractors.

It is the consensus of opinion of the great
majority of experienced architects and con-
tractors that both are essential to a success-
ful building operation. The artistic study
and training, the planning ability necessary
to success as an architect, and the resource-
ful driving quality of mind, the skill in the
managing of construction crews, the buying
of material and pushing the work through
to rapid completion are too much to expect
to find combined in any one individual,
i Any person having even a rudimental
knowledge of human nature, knows these
widely divergent qualities cannot be
combined in any one man. The architect
has his place and so has the contractor and
the commissions paid to each for his ser-
i vices are as vital and necessarily a part of a
' building program as the steel, lumber or
concrete that goes into it.

Charles Kyson, A. I. A.

Views and Events

HERE is no source of uneasiness like
an unperformed duty — particularly
one which you unhesitatingly recognize and
at heart wish to discharge. You know, for
instance, how peace of mind can be
poisoned by the subconscious sense of cor-
respondence unanswered. And with what
delicious relief you let the overdue letter
slip into the mail box!

For months past — a round dozen of
them for all I know — such subtle restless-
ness has been troubling me. And already

now, before this is even finished, let alone
off to the linotyper, I begin to experience
that satisfaction which is the reward of a
cleared conscience. (At least I would were
this my only unfulfilled duty).

# # # #

DURING this period of uncertain dura-
tion there has lain on my desk a book I have
wished to welcome in these columns. Yet
when a captious architect sights buildings
which can be criticized, what chance is
there of a mere book's getting praised?

In 1927 Gladding, McBean & Co. pub-
lished By Middle Seas, a collection of sev-
enty-seven photographs by J. E. Stanton.
The foreword explains that when Mr. Stan-
ton joined the organization for the purpose
of developing decorative tile, it was felt de-
sirable that he should travel to survey the
tile work, both old and new, of foreign
countries. Accordingly he embarked on a
tour of the lands surrounding the Mediter-
ranean — Spain, North Africa, Italy, Con-
stantinople. This book is a photographic
record of his trip.

* * * *

ONE knew Mr. Stanton as a delicate and
facile water colorist — one of the rare
painters to make you conscious of the water
as the medium for conveying the pigment.
One of these appears as frontispiece to the
book. It would have been no surprise,
therefore, to see Mr. Stanton return with a
book of drawings.

What we were not prepared for was to
see him turn up as a photographer of excep-
tional merit. These pictures embrace sub-
jects ranging from architectural details
through general views to pure landscapes.
All of them, even those of familiar build-
ings, are original. Viewpoints are chosen
with a fine feeling for form and tone values.
Mr. Stanton has not been content to snap
things offhand. He has obviously waited
around, perhaps taken notes and returned,
for the proper position of the sun. There
are many successful pictures which reverse
the customary ratios of light and dark, leav-
ing the shadow greatly predominating.

All in all, the book is a most artistic and
meritorious performance. And a most un-
expectedly valuable document to receive

106

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

June, 1923

with a manufacturer's compliments. There
is, I should say, but one flaw in subject mat-
ter and presentation. The covers' are un-
worthy of the book.

* * * *

SHOULD any one, I am prompted to
ask, who can photograph as can Mr. Stan-
ton, be making tiles instead of architectural
photographs? To which query someone is
sure to add, Should anyone who can design
tile work as can Mr. Stanton be doing any-
thing else? It all goes to emphasize the in-
convenience of being able to do several
things with distinction.

Another legitimate question would be,
How much architecture have we that would
make as interesting photographs as those in
By Middle Seas?

But leave that to the photographer. I am
sure any architect would be glad to have
his building photographed by Mr. Stanton.
And one of the real tests of a good photog-
rapher is that you don't necessarily have to
have good architecture to get good pictures.
I. F. M.

Advertising the Architect

HE movement to advertise the architect
I|seems to be gaining favor as evidenced

As Old as the Ages

by advertising space in leading newspapers.
Improvement clubs are advocating the em-
ployment of registered architects and real
estate firms that used to hire draftsmen are
now advising prospective builders to seek
the services of competent architects.

Harold C. Austin, who is preparing some
pretentious display advertising for an Oak-
land real estate firm, has been asked to write
for this magazine what his client thinks of
architectural service and how all of its ad-
vertisements will make an appeal to the
public to seek the best architectural service
before starting to build. Mr. Austin's ar-
ticle will probably appear in our July is-
sue. It will be worth reading.

A Good Sign

All the big newspapers seem to be waking up. They
are giving much attention to buildings and architec-
ture. Their criticisms are usually fair and surprisingly
able. Indeed, I would rather face an architectural
editor in a competition than some of the judges selected
by the usual professional methods. — F. W. Fitzpatrick.

RCHITECTURE
I not, indeed,

is one of the oldest, if
the oldest of the arts.

Human records do not show its beginnings,
but they do show its growth and that some
of its fundamentals were worked out so
long ago, both in principle and detail, that
they seem to have been coeval with man
himself.

Take, for example, the arch, today, as
throughout the history of architecture, an
almost everpresent feature of construction.
The recent discovery of the tomb of a Su-
merian queen, in Ur of the Chaldees, who
appears to have lain there undisturbed for
some six thousand years, shows doorways
crowned by true archways of baked bricks.
Hitherto, the oldest arch known in the
world was found over a drain dating back
to the third millennium B. C. The recently
discovered arch dates back a thousand years
earlier.

The report of the excavators at Ur, says:
"Excavation of the tombs in Ur now reveals
that corbel vaulting, the true arch and the
dome, all were familiar to the Sumerian
builder and were carried out both in brick
and stone in the fourth millennium, B. C."
If these essential features of construction
were familiar to the builders of six thou-
sand years ago, the practice which brought
this familiarity must have been started and
developed long before that. Architecture
and building surely have their foundations
in a day not far distant from that on which
the morning stars sang together. — Valve
World.

SMALL-HOUSE COMPETITION

A second competition for Small Houses is announced
by The House Beautiful Publishing Corporation.
There will be two prizes: $1,000 for the best Small I
House of five to seven rooms, inclusive, and $1,000 for
the best Small House of eight to twelve rooms, in-
clusive. The houses submitted may be of any style and
of any material, and must have been built ( not re-
modeled) recently in any part of the United States.
The competition closes November 9, 1928.

The complete announcement, with rules for presen-
tation of photographs and plans, may be obtained by
addressing "The Small House Competition Commit-
tee," 8 Arlington Street, Boston, Massachusetts.

FRESNO ARCHITECTS BUSY
One of the busiest architectural firms in the Fresno
Valley is Svvartz & Ryland, who announce the removal
of offices from the Rowell Building to Rooms 530-533
Brix Building, Fresno. They would like to receive
new catalogs and trade literature providing the size
of the printed matter is according to the standards of
the A. I. A.

Fred Swartz writes that the outlook for the building

industry in the San Joaquin Valley is better than

for several years. Other Fresno architects are busy,

1 too, Mr. Swartz says. Some of the Avork which Swartz

& Ryland have on hand is as follows :

Work Under Construction
Rectory for Father Daly, Porterville, $20,000.
Catholic church for Father Benoit, Delano, $25,000.
Business building, Merced, for J. R. Hill, $50,000.
Gymnasium building, Coalinga Union High School Dis-
I trict, $50,000.

Gvmnasium, first unit, Corcoran Union High School Dis-
trict", $20,000.

American Legion building, Madera, $22,000.

Catholic church, Exeter, $5000.

Catholic church, adobe construction, Cutler, $5000.

Plans Being Prepared

Business building for Frank Aoki, Visalia, $25,000.

Remodeling city hall, Madera, $25,000.

Addition Wahtoke School, Fresno County, $10,000.

Addition Liberty School, Tulare County, $7000.

Residence for J. G. Teeple, Fresno, $12,000.
i Lodge and club building for the Fraternal Order of
Eagles, Fresno, $175,000.

Convent for the Sisters of St. Francis, Monterey, $30,000.

Church building to be erected in the Yosemite Valley
under the sponsoring of the Church Federation of Califor-
nia and with the approval of the United States government,
$400,000.

STOCK EXCHANGE BUILDING

Construction of the new San Francisco Stock Ex-
change building on the site of its present home will
start shortly, from plans by Messrs. Miller and
Pflueger. Temporary quarters have been taken by the
Exchange in the Rollins building, Montgomery and
Pine Streets, which will be fitted up by Lindgren,
Swinerton Inc., who are also to be the builders of the
new Exchange. Construction of the latter is expected
to consume from eight to twelve months.

VACATION

Due to the summer vacation period of three months,
the next meeting of the Northern California Chapter,
A. 1. A., will not be held until September. Notice of
this meeting will be sent to members.

ATELIER AMERICAN ACADEMY IN ROMK

The American Academy in Rome calls attention to
the fact that it has opened an Atelier, in the center of
Rome and conveniently near good inexpensive pen-
sions ; for the assistance of both short and long term
students in architecture, painting and sculpture.

Satisfactory credentials must be presented. Holders
of traveling scholarships from accredited institutions
are eligible; also architectural draftsmen with letters
of introduction from a Fellow or member of the
American Institute of Architects.

The Atelier is furnished with such materials, as
drafting table, drawing boards, T-squares, model
stands, etc.; it has two large studio windows, is pro-
vided with electric light, and is heated in winter.

Headquarters of the American Academy in Rome
are at 101 Park Avenue, New York City. The of-
ficers are Wm. Rutherford Mead, president; George
B. McClellan, first vice-president; Charles A. Piatt,
second vice-president ; C. Grant LaFarge, secretary ;
William A. Boring, treasurer.

WILLIAM MOOSER SUES
William Mooser, architect of San Francisco, filed
suit against the auditor of Santa Barbara county
to compel payment of $16,511 alleged to be due as
fees for architectural services in the building of the
Santa Barbara courthouse. Mr. Mooser's original
contract called for a fee of 6 per cent on the cost of
the building for preparing plans and specifications.
Subsequently he secured a contract for supervision at
an additional fee of 4 per cent. District Attorney
Clarence Ward claims the original contract covered
all the architect's services and advised the county audi-
tor to withhold payments for additional fee. The court
decided Mr. Mooser is entitled to full commission.

SUMMER COURSE AT CARNEGIE
Dr. James C. Morehead, Associate Professor and
Curator of the Department of Architecture, it is
announced, will be in charge of the summer courses in
architecture this year at the Carnegie Institute of
Technology in Pittsburgh. Professor Camille F.
Grapin, the eminent French architect, who is a mem-
ber of the regular faculty staff, will also be available
to conduct courses in architectural design and outdoor
sketching.

107

108

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

June, 1928

COMPETITION FOR AIR TERMINAL

British architects have been invited to peep into the
future and submit plans for an imaginative scheme
for a London aircraft terminus suitable fifteen years
hence. The Royal Institute of British Architects is to
decide the competition which originated with the
Gloucester Aircraft Company and approved by other
aviation interests.

The idea of the competition is to stimulate the
imagination and foresight of architectural students and
to assist them to visualize the influence which aerial
development must have upon the design of a first-class
aerial terminus for land planes or amphibians only.

Designs will be submitted in September, and the
awards made in October, the first prize being $625
and the second $100. The competition is limited to
students under the age of thirty.

OAKLAND ARCHITECT BUSY

Recent work in the office of Clay N. Burrell, Ameri-
can Bank building, Oakland, includes an apartment
building on Hilgard, near Arch Street, Berkeley, for
Messrs. Parsons and Schuster, to cost $40,000; a
three-story frame and stucco apartment building on
Arch Street, near Hearst avenue, Berkeley for L. N.
and Alice G. Cornell, $90,000; a three-story stucco
apartment building at the gore of Telegraph Avenue,
58th and Racine Streets, Oakland, for W. R. Harder,
$100,000; and a four-story frame and stucco apartment
building at Oxford and Hearst Avenue, Berkeley;
$40,000.

TWENTY-FIVE STORY BUILDING

Preliminary sketches have been made by Arthur
Brown, Jr., 251 Kearny Street, San Francisco, for a
25-story Class A store, office and loft building, on
property owned by W. B. Born at Pine and Market
Streets, San Francisco. The project, while only in a
preliminary state, would mean a splendid development
for lower Market Street.

COLLEGE WOMEN'S CLUB BUILDING

Construction has been started at Berkeley on a
three-story Women's Club building for the Berkeley
College Women's Club, from plans by Walter T.
Steilberg. This organization is fortunate in having a
location so close to the University Campus, College
and Bancroft Way.

SPHERICAL HOUSE

A spherical house, designed by the Munich architect,
Peter Birkenholz, for the Dresden Exposition, is
declared to point the way to relief from traffic con-
gestion in cities. The height of the globular structure
designed by Birkenholz is 98 feet, and its diameter
is 82 feet. It rests on a base 16J/2 feet wide, with
four lower stories for business offices and an upper
hemisphere for apartments, with a cafe at the top.
Birkenholz says that with ball-shaped houses it will be
possible to lay out streets three times as broad as
modern thoroughfares. Other advantages he claims
are access of light and air from all sides and un-
obstructed perspective from any point in the structure.

RETURNS FROM HONOLULU

William A. NewTman, superintendent of govern-
ment buildings on the Pacific Coast, has recently re-
turned from Honolulu where he went to inspect va-
rious sites for a new Federal building. Mr. Newman
states that the Government intends spending a large
amount of money for Federal building improvements
on the Pacific Coast within the next year or two.

CHURCH ALTERATIONS

Calvary Presbyterian Church in San Francisco is
to have a new four manual and echo Aeolian-Votey
pipe organ, a gift of Mr. and Mrs. John A. McGregor.
The specifications for the organ were drawn up by
Otto Fleissner, San Francisco organist. Frederick H.
Meyer is the architect in charge of alterations to the
church auditorium.

SPANISH COUNTRY HOUSE

Plans have been completed by Messrs. Sidney B.,
Noble and Archie T. Newsom for a two-story and
basement Spanish type country house at Orinda, near
Oakland, for Frank Kales, manager for the Standard
Sanitary Manufacturing Company, Richmond. The
house will cost in excess of $25,000.

SACRAMENTO CLUB BUILDING

Plans are being prepared by Messrs. Dean and Dean
and Starks and Flanders, associated, for a new building
for the Sutter Club, one of the pioneer business men's
clubs in the Capitol City. The location is at Ninth
and M Streets. The club is planning to spend $250,-
000 or more on the project.

June, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

109

PERSONALS

W. S. Hebbard, formerly located at 534 I. W. Hell-
man Building, Los Angeles, has moved to Room 633
in the same building.

W. J. Saunders has moved from 227 Laughlin
Building to Suite 219 in the same building, Los An-
geles.

Robert B. Stacy-Judd has moved his office from
6030 Hollywood Boulevard to 6606 Sunset Boulevard,
Hollywood.

Atlee B. Ayres, architect of San Antonio, Texas,
and Mrs. Ayres, have been enjoying a motor tour of
Spain. Mr. Ayres writes that the roads are in splendid
condition, reports to the contrary notwithstanding.

John B. Leonard, C. E., has been appointed head
of the Municipal Building Inspection Department, San
Francisco.

Announcement is made of the marriage of Irving
J. Gill, architect of San Diego, and Marian W.
Brashears, at the home of the bride in Palos Verdes
Estates. The bride is treasurer of the Palos Verdes
Woman's Club.

John W. Barrow, an English architect in practice
at Shanghai, recently paid a visit to Charles Cressey of
Train & Cressey, architects of Los Angeles.

J. S. Fairweather of Bliss and Fairweather, archi-
tects of San Francisco, has returned from a trip to
Honolulu.

John Parkinson, accompanied by Mrs. Parkin-
son, is enjoying a six months' tour of Europe.

P. J. Walker of San Francisco, head of the P. J.
Walker Company, general contractors, has been elected
chairman of the governing committee of the California
State Automobile Association. George S. Forderer,
of the Forderer Cornice Works, and H. J. Brunnier,
consulting structural engineer of San Francisco, are
also members of the committee.

Natt Piper, founder of the Long Beach Archi-
tectural Club, was the principal speaker at the weekly
luncheon of the Architects' League of Hollywood,
May 16.

Garrett Van Pelt, Jr., has moved his office from
16 South Oakland Avenue to 51 South Euclid Avenue,
in Pasadena.

Louis Selden has moved from 515 Byrne Build-
ing, Los Angeles, to Suite 508 in the same building.

Gene Verge has moved from 700 Petroleum Se-
curities Building to Suite 802 Beaux Arts Building,
1709 West Eighth Street, Los Angeles.

Hart Wood, architect, announces the removal of
his office to the Hawaiian Trust Building, Honolulu.
Mr. Wood formerly occupied offices with C. W.
Dickey.

Messrs. John Parkinson and Donald B. Park-
inson have moved their offices to the new Tile In-
surance building on Spring Street between Fourth and
Fifth Streets, Los Angeles. The firm occupies a suite
of 12 offices which have been fitted up for their use.

Harold E. Burket has moved his office from Pa-
cific Southwest building, Long Beach, to 441 E.
Fourth Street, that city. He also retains his office at
823 Main Street, Ventura.

MILLION DOLLAR PLANT

The first unit of a million-dollar development by
the Peck & Hills Furniture company at Seattle, Wash-
ington, will consist of an eight-story sales and display
house, from plans by Albert C. Martin, architect, of
Los Angeles. The building is being erected by the
Peck & Hills engineers.

SACRAMENTO BANK ALTERATIONS

The Bank of Italy is planning to make extensive al-
terations to the Peoples and Merchants banking
quarters, which it has absorbed in Sacramento. Plans
for improvements costing $200,000 or more are being
prepared by the bank's architect, H. A. Minton of
San Francisco.

ENGINEERS TO REPORT

Los Angeles city council has approved the contract
with F. C. Herman of San Francisco, A. J. Wiley of
Boise, Idaho, and C. H. Paul, Dayton, O., comprising
the engineering committee selected to examine and
report on the condition of 27 dams of the Los Angeles
water bureau.

CONCRETE SANITARIUM

Plans have been prepared by William Allen, archi-
tect of Los Angeles, for a large reinforced concrete
sanitarium and hospital to be built a few miles from
Palmdale for the Palmdale Springs Sanitarium.
Building and equipment will represent an investment
of $400,000.

NEW ASSOCIATION FORMED
The Certified Architects' Association of Beverly
Hills is the name of a new organization with W. Asa
Hudson, president, and Roy Seldon Price, vice-presi-
dent.

110

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

June, 1928

LIGHTHOUSE COMPETITION

Many architects throughout the United States have
registered for participation in the proposed interna-
tional competition for the Columbus Memorial Light-
house to be erected in the Dominican Republic. The
competition is to be divided into two stages, the first
of which will be open to all architects without distinc-
tion of nationality. The second stage will be limited
to the ten architects whose designs are placed first as
a result of the initial competition. The first stage of
the competition will continue until April 1. 1929,
when all drawings must be in Madrid, Spain. An
international jury of three, to be selected by the com-
peting architects, will meet in Madrid on April 15,
1929, for the first award. The authors of the ten
designs placed first in the preliminary competition will
each receive $2000 and these winners will then re-
compete for the final award. There will also be ten
honorable mentions of $500 each.

In the second competition $10,000 will be paid to
the author whose design is placed first, who will be
declared the architect of the lighthouse ; $7500 to the
author of the design placed second ; $5000 to the design
placed third; $2500 to the design placed fourth, and
$1000 to each of the other six competitors.

The chairman of the permanent committee of the
governing board of the Pan-American Union is Hon.
Orestes Ferrara, ambassador of Cuba at Washington
and representative of Cuba on the governing board.

Reports from Washington, D. C, are that 362
architects from twenty-nine different countries have
entered the competition. Entrants to date are dis-
tributed as follows: United States, 225; France, 46;
Italy, 16; Germany, 16; Sweden, 7; England, 3;
Norway, 3; Austria, 2; Hungary, 1; Switzerland, 4;
Spain, 2; Portugal, 1; Denmark, 2; Czecho-Slovakia,
2; Bulgaria, 1; Belgium, 1; Serbia, 1; Canada, 5;
Japan, 2; Mexico, 8; Peru, 1; Cuba, 4; Haiti, 1;
Costa Rica, 2 ; Panama, 1 ; Venezuela, 1 ; Porto Rico,
2; Dominican Republic, 1; Chile, 1.

FOR BETTER BUILDINGS

A committee of architects, headed by D. Everett
Waid, and composed of several members of the New
\ ork Chapter of the American Institute of Architects,
is planning a nation-wide study of health and safety
in the building industry. Members of the committee
in addition to Mr. Waid are William P. Bannister,
Lansing C. Holden, William H. Beers, S. R. Bishop,
Theodore I. Coe and Rudolph P. Miller.

PORTLAND NOTES
Architects planning apartment houses in Portland,
Ore., in the future may provide for automobile storage
in such buildings if not more than eight autos are to be
stored in any one unit and a one-way standard sprink-
ling system is installed, according to a ruling made re-
cently by the Board of Appeals in conference at the
Portland City Hall. H. E. Plummer, inspector of
buildings, said that since the board of appeals has gone
on record relative to such storage in apartment houses,
which ruling holds true, he said, with similar storage
of cars in hotel basements, and sub-basements, he would
draft an amendment to the building code covering this
situation and would submit this draft to the board at
an earlv date.

* * *

Five men have been named by Mayor Baker to com-
pose the board to examine contractors for licensing and
bonding under provisions of the new city ordinance
effective July 1. Those named are Harrison A. Whit-
ney, architect ; A. H. T. Williams, engineer ; Carl
Stebinger and A. J. Matot, contractors, and John B.
Yeon, building owner. The ordinance requires that
each member of the examining board shall have had
10 years' experience in the line of business he follows.

HILL, HUBBELL & COMPANY EXPAND

To provide larger and more efficient quarters the
Los Angeles sales offices of Hill, Hubbell & Com-
pany, Pacific Coast paint manufacturers, were moved
on June 1st, from 331 West Eleventh Street, to the
Petroleum Securities Building, 714 West Tenth Street.
This news follows closely on the announcement, made
early in the year, when the San Francisco offices
of Hill, Hubbell & Company were moved to new and
larger quarters at 160 Fremont Street. This company
maintains sales offices and warehouses in principal
Pacific Coast cities, including Los Angeles, San Fran-
cisco, Oakland, Portland, and Seattle. The mid-
continental offices and factories are located at Tulsa,
Oklahoma, and district offices and warehouses are also
maintained at Houston, Texas, Baltimore and New
York. •

IMPORTANT CONFERENCE
The Eighth National Conference on State Parks
will be held in San Francisco June 26, 27, 28 and
29, and the one great purpose in bringing this confer-
ence to the Pacific Coast, particularly California, is
to assist in arousing interest in the $6,000,000 bond
issue for state parks which will be brought before
the people for vote at the next election.

\-.

JOGIETY **) CLVB MEETINGS

FOR CERTIFIED ARCHITECTS

The move of the architects in Northern and Cen-
tral California to organize for improved ethics has
spread to the southern part of the state with gratify-
ing results. At a recent meeting of the Southern Cali-
fornia Chapter, A. I. A., there were present a large
percentage of certified architects together with repre-
sentatives from the San Francisco Chapter and officers
of the California State Board of Architecture. It was
prohably the largest gathering of architects ever held
in Los Angeles, if not in the state. Pierpont Davis,
president of the Southern California Chapter, presided.
Following a free discussion of the objects for which
the meeting was called, it was voted unanimously to
form a state organization, to which all certified archi-
tects of California will be eligible, and a committee
was appointed to meet with a committee representing
the certified architects of Northern California and
work out a plan of organization. The Southern Cali-
fornia committee consisted of William Richards of
Los Angeles ; Winsor Soule, Santa Barbara ; Natt
Piper, Long Beach; John S. Siebert, San Diego;
Stanley Wilson, Riverside, with A. M. Edelman and
Pierpont Davis members ex-officio. The committee rep-
1 resenting the Northern California architects was com-
' posed of Fred Meyer, Harris Allen, John J. Donovan,
Albert J. Evers, William I. Garren, Mark Jorgensen,
Ralph Wyckoff and Chester Miller. The last three
: named were unable to be present.

There will be a permanent board of directors, con-
sisting of one member from the State Board of Archi-
tecture, one from the American Institute of Architects,
and two architects not members of the Institute for
the northern district and a like representation from
the southern district. Myron Hunt of Los Angeles,
as the regional director of the American Institute of
Architects, will be president ex-officio of the per-
manent board of directors. The state will be divided
into districts corresponding to the congressional dis-
tricts. There will be a chairman for each district
appointed by the directors, whose duty it will be to
get all the architects in his district together. William
Richards was chairman of the organization committee,
Winsor Soule, vice-chairman and Natt Piper, secretary.
At the general meeting, Fred H. Meyer, member
of the State Board of Architects, Northern District,
reviewed the present act regulating the practice of
architecture, and told of some of the cases coming

before the board where applicants for certificates had
never studied architecture and had never worked in
an architect's office, yet were practicing architecture
and had charge of some important building projects.

Albert J. Evers, member of the State Board of
Architecture, Northern District, pointed out as one
of the weaknesses of the present state law regulating
the practice of architecture the lack of means for its
enforcement. He urged that the board be empowered
to employ special investigators with funds derived from
the license fees now paid to the state by certified archi-
tects, just as the State Board of Medical Examiners
are empowered to employ their own investigators. Mr.
Evers suggested two ways of accomplishing this pro-
posed change in the present law7: First, that all certi-
fied architects in the state of California organize, so
that there may be a concerted effort; and, second, that
a committee of that organization be formed to draw up
the proposed amendments.

John J. Donovan of Oakland, member of the State
Board of Architecture, Northern District, recom-
mended raising the fine for violation of the law so
that enforcement would fall in the Superior Court
instead of the police court, feeling that better enforce-
ment would be had from the higher court. Mr. Dono-
van told of an effort four years ago to secure certain
changes in the law and of the defeat suffered on
account of lack of organization. Mr. Donovan said
that, according to a statement by the chief building
inspector of Oakland of all building permits issued,
architects were connected with the work in only 12
per cent, 88 per cent being outside of the architects'
offices. The Oakland chief building inspector had
offered to sit with the Oakland architects to for-
mulate a local ordinance making it mandatory for an
architect to prepare plans for buildings where permits
were necessary for their construction, and offered to
sponsor it on the floor of the city council, stating that
the city of Oakland felt the need of such an ordinance.
Mr. Donovan stated it was his opinion that if the
people of the city of Oakland felt the need for such
protection, that it must be so in every city of the state.

NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CHAPTER

The regular meeting of the Northern California
Chapter, A. I. A., was held at the Mark Hopkins
Hotel on May 28. The meeting was called to order

111

112

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

June, 1928

by Vice-President H. H. Gutterson. The following
members were present:

Messrs. Fred H. Meyer, Chester H. Miller, George R.
Klinkhardt, W. C. F. Gillam, William I. Garren, Ralph
Wyckoff, Ernest Coxhead, James T. Narbett, Harris Osborn,
William B. Farlow, Charles F. Maury, William K. Bartges,
Ernest L. Norberg, H. H. Gutterson, Mark T. Jorgensen,
Albert J. Evers, and A. McF. McSweeney.

About 40 non-member guests were present.

A letter frorn the Italian government regarding ex-
port of Carrara marble, was read by the secretary.

The chair announced that Morris Bruce and W. I.
Garren had been appointed members of the Standard
Building Code Committee to carry on the work of
the committee heretofore headed by F. H. Meyer.

W. I. Garren was appointed to represent the Chap-
ter at the Occupational Restriction Section of the
Commonwealth Club.

Vice-President Gutterson read the report of Presi-
dent Harris C. Allen on the 61st Annual convention.
James T. Narbett, delegate, gave a report of his ex-
periences at the convention ; also a resume of the treas-
urer's report.

Wm. I. Garren made a splendid report for the
delegates to Southern California on behalf of the Or-
ganization Committee for the State Association of
California Architects. After a description of the form
of organization proposed for the State Association, an
election was held and Mark Jorgensen was elected
District Advisor for San Francisco District of the As-
sociation, all those present participating in the election.
Ernest Coxhead addressed the meeting on the sub-
ject of the history of the Institute and its aims, ideals
and objects.

Fred Meyer spoke on the Chapter and the relation
of the Chapters to the Institute and members.

gested change in the status of junior members on be-
coming chapter associates was considered an inade-
quate solution of the problem as it was believed that
associates should also become directly affiliated with
the Institute. The appointing of the chairman of the
Jury of Fellows by the president, was recommended
and the proposal to provide more stringent penalties
for non-payment of dues was opposed.

In discussing the report of the committee on Insti-
tute affairs, Regional Director Albertson, gave val-
uable information on the several matters presented and
moved in addition to the committee's recommendation
that the Chapter's approval be given to the use of the
Institute's reserve fund toward liquidating the affairs
of the Journal.

Under reports of other committees, Mr. Vogel,
chairman of the committee on public information,
referred to the scrap books of newspaper clippings
which were passed around among the members present,
these giving reference to various matters in which the
Chapter or its members were involved. He presented
for his committee a suggestion that standard signs be
adopted for use on work under construction of which
a Chapter member was the architect. It was also pro-
posed that some form of Chapter endorsement be given
to local building material and a letter was read from
the Northwest Brick Manufacturers' Association of-
fering co-operation in publicity.

Mr. Loveless, in reporting for the special commmit-
tee on current newspaper advertising, asked more as-
sistance in securing plans for publication.

Mr. Dugan discussed at some length the good results
which followed the holding of honor awards.

An enjoyable entertainment followed the business
meeting.

WASHINGTON STATE CHAPTER

The regular meeting of Washington State Chapter,
A. I. A., was held at the College Club, Seattle, Thurs-
day, May 3, President Ford presiding. The minutes
of the previous meeting were read and approved and
the secretary also read communications from the
Architectural League of Hollywood, requesting co-
operation in compiling data on costs in architectural
practice and from the Architectural League of New
York, announcing opportunities offered for non-resi-
dent membership.

Under reports of committees, that on Institute af-
fairs was presented by Mr. Alden of the committee
in the absence of the chairman. Of the proposed
amendments to the by-laws of the Institute, the sug-

LOS ANGELES ARCHITECTURAL CLUB

At the May 15th meeting of the Los Angeles
Architectural Club, Clark W. Baker of San Fran-
cisco, chairman of the educational subcommittee of the
Pacific Coast Electrical Association, was the principal
speaker. President George P. Hales presided and
Frank Nightingale of the Pacific Coast Electric Com-
pany introduced the speaker.

Mr. Baker's subject was "Illumination in Relation
to Architecture." He used a large amount of elec-
trical equipment and devices to demonstrate his subject
in a practical manner and it was the opinion of those
present that Mr. Baker's talk was one of the most
enlightening and interesting that they had been
privileged to hear.

June, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

113

President Hales outlined the work the Archi-
tectural Cluh is doing and stated the membership
had increased until at present there are 180 members
and many applications are being received. The office
of the club at 510 Architects' Building, which was
established May 1st, is proving popular with the club
membership, he stated, and a great many draftsmen
have found employment through it. Mr. Hales said
it was the opinion of the club members, when the
subject of opening permanent quarters came up, that
there was a need for some agency where those in the
architectural profession might find a central employ-
ment office, and that this had been proven true by the
large number of architects who had already used the
club office as a medium to employ draftsmen, and also
by the number of men who had made applications to
the office for employment.

Frank Nightingale entertained the members with
some of his favorite card tricks and the club quartet
rendered several selections.

BUILDING HEIGHT LIMIT

i Sacramento architects and builders are showing

, interest in the proposed ordinance to be submitted to
the city council which would limit the design, height

i and construction of commercial buildings in the city
in order to insure proper sunshine and light in the
streets and circulation of air.

The idea of restricting the erection of tall buildings
in order to avoid the dark channel streets so common
in New York City has been in the minds of the
Sacramento officials for some time and was discussed

. recently at an informal meeting of the council and
city planning board.

The proposed ordinance would allow the construc-
tion of buildings no higher than six stories in the area
between Eleventh and Twentieth, N and Q Streets;
between Front and Twenty-first, North B and R
Streets; Twenty-first Street and Alhambra Boulevard,
North A and North B Streets; and on R Street be-

i tween Twenty-first Street and Alhambra Boulevard.
Higher buildings may be built in the present down-
town area, although the ordinance would limit the
height at the property line to one and one-half times
the street width. Above that, set-backs would be con-
structed on the basis of one foot for each three feet
of additional height.

petition for new school buildings for which a bond is-
sue of $2,313,000 has been voted:

May 24, 1928
Honorable Board of Education,
City of San Diego, California.
Gentlemen:

Now that the bonds for your new school building program
have been voted, the next step is the selection of new sites
and the appointment of architects for this important work.
That you welcome suggestions in making your decisions is
taken for granted, and thus the following:

When the time comes for your selection and appointment
of architects, it is proposed that your board invite all of the
San Diego certificated architects to prepare and submit
original designs, cost estimates and details for the con-
struction of each of the new school buildings and improve-
ments required under your new building program, the best
in each instance to be selected for development by its archi-
tect and constructed under his supervision.

In the production of these new school improvements, the
voters care little as to which architects are employed but
they are most vitally concerned as to what is produced.
They want the best for their money and are entitled to it.
It costs no more, and sometimes less, to build and equip
strictly up-to-the-minute buildings with every detail care-
fully worked out for convenience and inspiration to higher
ideals and surer progress to our boys and girls, than it does
to burden a community with architectural misfits. To be
sure of the best procurable, your board is strongly urged
to consider and adopt this plan of architectural competi-
tions to which our architects will gladly respond with their
best art and skill.

Your program for such competitions should, of course, be
formulated and arranged to conform with the rules and
regulations usual in competitions as prescribed by the Amer-
ican Institute of Architects, and adherence to its operative
provisions assured and maintained. This being done under
approval of the San Diego Architectural Association, your
board and all concerned may rest assured of the finest
results obtainable in school architecture and equipment.

Incidentally, such architectural competitions would relieve
your board of a large amount of unusual work and respon-
sibility as well as to totally avoid all personal em-
barrassments.

Very cordially,

Curtis Tobey.

U. S. National Bank Building, San Diego, Calif.

WANTS ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION
The following is a copy of a letter addressed to the
San Diego Board of Education by Curtis Tobey, archi-
tect of that city, urging the board to authorize a com-

CLAY PRODUCTS INSTITUTE

Organization of the Clay Products Institute of
California by the leading manufacturers in this line is
announced. Robert Linton, vice-president and general
manager of the Pacific Clay Products Company of Los
Angeles, is president of the Institute; George D. Clark
of N. Clark & Sons is vice-president ; H. B. Potter of
Gladding, McBean & Company, treasurer, and
Seward C. Simons, who has been manager of the do-
mestic trade department of the Los Angeles Chamber
of Commerce, secretary-manager. Mr. Simons will
devote his entire time to the Institute with head-
quarters at 611 Architects' Building, Los Angeles. An
office will also be maintained in San Francisco.

Objects of the new organization are to promote the
manufacture of the highest grade of clay products and
to secure the inclusion in building codes of specifica-
tions which will insure the best construction wherever
clay products are used.

114

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

June, 1928

JOHNS-MANVILLE PLANT, PITTSBURGH, CALIFORNIA ; THE TWO WINGS ON THE LEFT ARE BEING ADDED

H. J. Brunnier, Structural Engineer

0 better serve the rapidly increasing popu-
lation of the Pacific Coast with its asbestos
materials and allied products, the Johns-
Manville Corporation in 1925 started construction of a
California factory at Pittsburg, Contra Costa County.

Pittsburg was found to be ideally located for a
plant of this kind. It is less than fifty miles from San
Francisco, Oakland, Sacramento and Stockton, prin-
cipal distribution points for Northern California. It
is served by three transcontinental rail lines, besides
being situated on the headwaters of Suisun Bay, where
deep water development now under way will permit
of direct call by ocean-going vessels, providing prompt
deliveries to all Pacific Coast points and the Far East.
Other large industries, a mild and healthful climate,
and comfortable homes insure very satisfactory labor
conditions.

The original factory consisting of two units, each
of them really a factory in itself, was completed in the
latter part of January, 1926, when local manufacture
was started of rigid asbestos shingles, steam and cold
insulation materials, insulating and refractory cements.

That their recognition of the possibilities for greater
sales through the establishment of a well located west-
ern manufacturing plant has been thoroughly justified
is indicated by the extensive additions which the Johns-
Manville Corporation is now making.

Because of largely increased demand for other
materials heretofore manufactured only in their
eastern factories, Johns-Manville Corporation have
recently purchased two additional tracts of land adjoin-
ing their present Pittsburg holdings. It was found
necessary to purchase this additional land, as present
plans contemplate a manufacturing plant much larger
than originally planned ; also to give them dock
facilities necessary to handle the large coastwise steam-
ships.

The plans are well under way for the construction
of a 600-foot wharf and warehouse at the water's
edge, and the building of two more manufacturing

units. Contracts for structural steel have already been
let and it is expected to have a portion of this new
plant, comprising the paper mill and roofing units, in
operation by July 1st. Construction of this plant
is under the direct supervision of P. A. Andrews,
Pacific Coast manager, assisted by D. C. Renton, chief
engineer, and a staff of engineers from the company's
eastern factory at Waukegan, Illinois.

The addition to the plant, when completed, will
manufacture asbestos paper and board, asbestos roof-
ing, asphalt prepared roofings, slate surfaced shingles,
deadening felts, roofing cements and coatings, brake
band lining and packings, and other specialties which
the company plans on marketing on the Pacific Coast.
The equipment will be of the most modern design and
will consist of a complete paper mill, roofing plant
and asphalt refinery. The capacity of the present boiler
plant will be doubled.

TOWN PLANNING CONGRESS

An international housing and town planning con-
gress will be held in Paris July 2nd to 8th of this year,
under the auspices of the Municipal Council of Paris.
Previous congresses have been held in London, Am-
sterdam, New York and Vienna, the last one in
Vienna in 1926.

GRANTED CERTIFICATE TO PRACTICE
Lawrence Keyser, associated with Frederick H.
Meyer, architect, of San Francisco, and president of
the San Francisco Architectural Club, has recently been
granted a certificate to practice architecture in Cal-
ifornia by the State Board of Examiners, Northern
Division.

PASSING OF PIONEER BUILDERS

Chas. J. Colley, veteran San Francisco architect and
builder, passed away May 20, at the age of 79 years.

A. F. Harlow, 83, pioneer building contractor of
Santa Clara, died in that city May 24.

e//e months magazine:^

Cjdtfed hylr

vcn

This Department is edited primarily, not as a review and criticism of other magazines, but to inform readers of The
Architect and Engineer of the contents of those which they may not regularly see. The tables of contents as given are
therefore not necessarily complete. Matter deemed negligible has been omitted. Items preceded by an asterisk (*) are to
some degree conspicuous for interest or merit. Matter preceded by the sign (t) has appeared in The Architect and Engi-
neer. The editors' comments are in small type, indented.

THE AMERICAN ARCHITECT
April 20, 1928
♦Estate of Mrs. Marshall Field, Lloyd Neck, New York.
John Russell Pope, Architect (numerous photographs, plans,
'details, and 3 articles).

THE AMERICAN ARCHITECT

May 5, 1928

TEXT

Fitting a House to its Site. By Henry E. Wickers.

Utilization of Working Schedules in Office Practice.

Traditions Associated with Site Give Character to Design
of House.

Unusual Engineering Features of the Al Malaikah
Temple, Los Angeles. John C. Austin, Architect. By R.
McC. Bean field.

PLATES

t*The New San Francisco Stock Exchange Building.
Miller & Pflueger, Architects (3 plates and article).
: Medical Tower Building, Newark, New Jersey. William
E. and David J. Lehman, Architects (3 plates and plans).

Parochial School for Church of Our Lady of Angels,
Brooklyn, New York. Robert J. Reiley, Architect (2 plates
ind detail).

Trinity Parish House, Detroit, Michigan. Lancelot Sukert,
Architect (3 photographs and plan).

*Proposed Building for Chicago Civic Opera. Graham,
Anderson, Probst & White, Architects (1 plate).

*Office Building for R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company,
Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Shreve & Lamb, Architects.

Competition for Museum of the City of New York (5
projects, including winner, and article).

Competition for Refreshment Stand (4 projects, includ-
ing prizes).

THE ARCHITECT

May, 1928

TEXT

The Fatherly Architect.

The Open Season for House-Openings. By George S.
Chappell.

Dr. John Kearsley, Physician-Architect of Philadelphia.
By Rex ford Newcomb.

The Super-Syndicate. By William L. Steele.

The Advantages of Architects' Forming a Corporation.
By Leo T. Parker.

PLATES

St. Louis Memorial Plaza. The Plaza Commission, Inc.,
Architects (5 drawings).

House, Edson Bradley, Newport, Rhode Island. Howard
Greenley, Architect (13 plates).

*Bathing Pavilion, Southampton, Long Island. Peabody,
Wilson & Brown, Architects (5 plates and plan).

House, Joan Barbinson Coleman, Southold, Long Island.
Howard Stokes Patterson, Architect (6 plates and plan).

*La Canada Club, La Canada, California. Henry Carlton
Newton and Robert Dennis Murray, Architects (2 plates
and plan).

*Rock Springs Country Club, Orange, New Jersey. Clifford
■C. Wendehack, Architect (5 plates).

THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM

May, 1928

TEXT

Collaboration in Bridge Designing — I. The Architect.
By Gil more D. Clarke.

Collaboration in Bridge Designing — II. The Engineer.
By Leslie G. Holleran.

Plumbing for the Tower Type of Building. By Harold
L. Alt.

A New Way to Determine Echoes. By R. F. Norris.

Heating and Ventilating for the Architect. By Perry
West.

The Dwellings Law. By John Taylor Boyd, Jr.

The Architect's Position in Relation to Mortgage Financ-
ing, Part I — Dwelling Construction. By C. Stanley Taylor.

Planning Group Houses for Rent. By Richard H. Marr.

The Architect as Constructor. By Wilfred W. Beach.

The Allied Architects' Association of Denver. By Robert
K. Fuller.

The Allied Architects' Association of Kentuckv. By
Ossian P. Ward.

The Cost Plus System of Robert D. Kohn and Associated
Architects. By Mand M. Acker.

Cubic Foot Costs of Buildings. By James E. Blackwell.

The Fairest of Competitions. By William O. Ludlow.

Planning Religious Educational Buildings. By M. W.
Brabham.

PLA TES

♦Nazareth Hall, St. Paul. Maginnis & Walsh, Architects
(8 plates, photographs, plans, details, and article).

*The Detroit Masonic Temple. George D. Mason & Co.
Architects (8 plates, photographs, plans, sections, and
article).

*The Barbizon, New York. Murgatroyd & Ogden, Archi-
tects (6 plates, photographs, plans details, and article).

The Essex Club, Newark, New Jersey. Guilbert & Betelle,
Architects (2 plates and plans).

Phi Delta Theta Fraternity House, University of Vermont.
William McLeish Dunbar, Architect (photographs, plans,
and article).

Van

THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD

May, 1928

TEXT

Eliel Saarinen. By Donnell Tilghman (illustrated),

On the Design of Types. By Frederic W. Goudy.

♦Architectural Training in America. By John V
Pelt.

♦Modern Architecture, II — The New Pioneers. By Henry
Russell Hitchcock, Jr. (illustrated).

*In the Cause of Architecture, IV — The Meaning of Ma
terials — Wood. By Frank Lloyd Wright (illustrated).

PLATES

♦The Baskin Building, Chicago, Illinois. Holabird
Roche, Architects (2 photographs, detail and article).

♦The National City Bank of New York. Walker &
Gillette, Architects (8 plates, photographs, plan, and
article).

Bank of Italy, San Diego, California. William Templeton
Johnson, Architect (2 plates and plan).

115

116

ARCHITECT

AND LNCINEER,

June, 192c

The State Bank an<l Trust CompM JTork. D#»-

ntson V II iron !■ tecti (2 plates ari'i plan).

Dim- Bank, Waterbury, Connecticut. }'or£ V

Sav:yer, Architects 1+ ply

Exhibition of French Decorative Art (10 photographs
and article).

ire<! Drawing! of Early American Architecture.
Peyton Randolph House, Williamsburg, Virginia.

ARCHITECTURE

Ma%
TEXT
•Ferro-Concrete and Design. By Frencii S. Onderdonk
(illustrate
An Advertising Man on Advertising to Architect- By

Harry D. Thorn.

I'l ATES

SoflM Mohammedan Portals (10 photograph-).

New York*! Prize-winning Apartment Houses for 1927
i photographs and plans of 6 buildir |

House, Charles F. Debardeleben, Birmingham, Alabama.
Warren, Kniu : IrchiteCtS (+ photographs and

l'!an> | .

House, Mellen C. Martin, Chicago, Illinois. Russell M.
WaLott, Architect {€ photographs and plans;.

Cupolas. Portfolio of 34 photographs.

Four Interiors. Richard H. Dana, Jr., Architect.

PACIFIC COAST ARCHITECT
May, 1928
T'The Los Angeles City Hall. John C. Austin, John Park-
inson, and Albert C. Martin. Associated drckitt

photographs, plans, elevations, sections, details, and article).
Buildings for Iberian-American Exposition, Seville, Spain.
William Templeton Johnson, Architect (2 drawings and
article).

PENCIL POIN rs

May, 1928

Draftsmanship and Architecture as Exemplified by the
Work of Raymond M. Hood. By Francis S. Scales (illus-
trate

A Modern English Alphabet. By Egon Weiss.

Sketching as an Aid to Design. By Arnold R. Southwell.

Drafting for Landscape Work, Part I. By Eugene Clute.

Le Brun Traveling Scholarship Competition for 1928.
Report of Jury of Award (illustrated).

Numerous illustrations in various media, including 2 in
color.

NO EXPERTS REQUIRED

The many special and exclusive features controlled
by the patents licensed to the \V. S. Ray Manufactur-
ing Company and developed during their long and
varied experience in burning oil, have resulted in an
oil burning system remarkably efficient, durable and
simple to operate, according to W. R. Ray, president.
me steam atomizing oil burners and other me-
chanical burners will show excellent results when
operated by skilled combustion engineers under test,
but when handled by the ordinary operating force
under every day conditions, they do not show con-
tinued high efficiency," Mr. Ray went on to state.
"The Raj Fuel Oil burner for high pressure boilers
equipped with automatic air and oil control and oil
burner governors does not require expert care to main-
tain a daily standard of high efficiency and economy
nor constant attendance to keep it in this operating
condition. ( )t rugged construction, totally enclosed.

they can be depended upon to run constantly day it
and day out over a long term of years with very littl
attention, repairs or exper

MONOLITH CEMENT CO. EXPANDS
Rapid pi being made by the Monolith Port

land Cement and Monolith Portland Midwest com
panies in their expansive activities to keep pace with ;
steadily increasing demand for cement, according t«j
I Burnett, president, who recently returned fron

Honolulu, where he made arrangements to establisl
branch offices. After a careful survey of building
progress and development in the Hawaiian Islands
during recent years, and a number of trips to loolj
over the ground personally, Mr. Burnett decided sonn,
time ago that this territory should be included as ar
integral part of the Monolith program. Capt. A
Bullock-Webster, who has been associated with thr
Monolith companies for several years, is in charge o
the Honolulu office.

THE ARCHITECTS' BUILDING

[From Sydney, Australia Buildings']
Whilst the highest ambition of our local branch o
architectural endeavor seems satisfied with an abortiv
attempt to disregard the interests of the specialist ii
small house design by selling plans at a lower rate that
he is allowed to do, it comes as a tonic to see wha
architects elsewhere who pull together can accomplish.
We illustrate the "Architects' Building" which ha
been erected at the corner of Fifth Street and Figueroa
Street in Los Angeles, [from The Architect and En
gineer] as an evidence as to what has been done ir
that city. This twelve-story building from a spec
tacular point of view is very successful. On the main
front the eye is temporarily checked by two simple
balconettes near the top, otherwise perfect plainnes
is the rigid rule, whilst the projecting iron fire escapt1
in the center of the side street affords a break there
The directory of the tenants who are either architect*
or connected with the allied interests already include,
twenty-eight different names, some requiring a whob
suite. The venture deserves the highest praise, as i
evidences a considerable amount of fraternal feelin.
which is commendable.

TAXICAB BUILDING
Plans are being prepared by Powers and Ahnder
605 Market Street, San Francisco, for a two-stor'
and basement reinforced concrete garage for the ^ el
low Checker Taxi Cab Company, at Turk and Leav
en worth Streets. San Francisco.

ARCHITECT

\ND ENGINEER,

JULY 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

Since 1905

VOLUME 94

JULY, 1928

NUMBER 1

CONTENTS

COVER PICTURE— Wood Block Detail of Tower, a Southern
California Home (Requa & Jackson, Architects)
By Howard Simon

FRONTISPIECE— Mission of Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara
California

From an Etching by Henry Chapman Ford

TEXT

Southern California's Changing Architecture 35

William H. Wheeler, Architect

Architecture — A Community Asset 43

Lillian J. Rice

The Santa Barbara Honor Awards 47

Portfolio of Etchings 50

By Lyle Reynolds Wheeler

Modern Tendencies in Theater Design 54

Unique Wood Arch Construction for San Francisco

Building 57

A. B. Villadsen

Californian Architecture and its Sources 59

The New Temple Beth Israel, Portland, Oregon 61

Building for Permanency 63

Charles H. Cheney, City Planner

My European Impressions 98

C. O. Clausen, Architect

Designing a Garden in the Spanish Spirit 99

Frederick N. Evans, Fellow A. S. L. A.

Editorial 102

With the Architects 107

Society and Club Meetings Ill

The Months' Magazines 115

PLATES AND ILLUSTRATIONS

House of Mr. John S. McGroarty, Point Loma 40

B. Marcus Priteca, Architect

Hillside House, La Jolla, California 41

William H. Wheeler, Architect

All Saints Episcopal Church, San Diego 42

William H. Wheeler, Architect

Spanish Home at Rancho Santa Fe 44

Requa & Jackson, Architects

f'atio, Spanish Inn, Rancho Santa Fe 45

Requa & Jackson, Architects

Chamber of Commerce, Santa Barbara, California 46

La Cumbre Country Club, Santa Barbara 47, 48, 49

George Washington Smith, Architect

Standard Oil Service Station, Santa Barbara 50

Edwards, Plunkett & Howell, Architects

Pacific Gillespie System Building, San Francisco 57, 58

Congregation Beth Israel Synagogue, Portland 60, 61, 67

Morris H. Whitehouse and Herman Brookman,

Associate Architects ;

John V. Bennes and Harry Herzog

Consulting Architects

House of Mr. Harry A. Green, Portland, Oregon 62, 69, 71, 73

Herman Brookman, Architect

Tower Theater, Los Angeles 75, 76, 77, 79

S. Charles Lee, Architect

Residence of Mr. W. S. Hart, Sacramento 81, 83, 100, 101

Dean & Dean, Architects; F. .V. Evans, Landscape Architect

Residence of Mr. J. S. Collbran, Berkeley 85, 87

Edwin Lewis Snyder, Architect

Southern Counties Gas Company Bui'ding, Santa Barbara 89

Marston, Van Pelt & Edwards, Plunkett & Howell, Architects

Neighborhood Club House, Santa Barbara 91, 93, 95

Soule, Murphy & Hastings, Architects

Santa Barbara Biltmore 97

Reginald D. Johnson Architect

Published on the 18th of the month by

The Architect and Engineer, inc.

1662-3-4 Russ Building., San Francisco, California
W. J. L. KIERULFF, President

FREDK. W. JONES, Editor

Contributing Editors— L. C MULLGARDT, B. J.
S. CAHILL, JOHN BAKEWELL, Jr., San
Francisco; C. H. CHENEY, Los Angeles,
WM. H. WHEELER, San Diego; ELLIS F.
LAWRENCE, Portland, Ore.; C. H. ALDEN,
Seattle, Wash.

Professor JOHN W. GREGG, Landscape Architecture

EMERSON KNIGHT, Associate

Eastern Representative:

F. W. HENKEL, 306 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111.

L. B. PENHORWOOD, Secretary

C. O. CLAUSEN, Foreign Travels

F. W. FITZPATRICK, Eastern
Correspondent

T. RONNEBERG, Engineering Problems

EDGAR N. KIERULFF, Special
Articles and Book Reviews

Southern California Representative:
R. D. BUNN, 410 Architects' Building, Los Angeles

Medinah Athletic Club, Chicago.
Walter W. Ahlschlager, Inc.,
Architects.
Entire exterior to be built of the inter-
esting coarse -textured Buff Indiana
Limestone.

Another

Monument of

Indiana

Limestone

for Chicago's Skyline

THE choice of a highly-textured variety of Indiana Lime,
stone for the new Medinah Athletic Club now under
construction just north of the Tribune Tower, is another
example of the way in which this beautiful natural stone
is beginning to predominate in our metropolitan centers.

Architects and building owners are becoming more and
more convinced of the dollars-and-cents advantages that are
gained from building of Indiana Limestone.

Besides the Medinah Athletic Club, two other great proj-
ects are being added this year to the already imposing array
of Indiana Limestone buildings on Chicago's main thorough-
fare. These are the new office building just south of the
bridge, "No. 333 North Michigan," and the Willoughby
Tower, further south at the corner of Madison Street.

Indiana Limestone Company with its ample resources and
highly -developed organization is able to give these large
undertakings, along with numerous others elsewhere in vari-
ous parts of the country, the service and speed of delivery as
well as the dependable high grade of stone that they require.

This efficient service and assurance of the product's struc-
tural merit are in evidence on any contract which this com-
pany accepts, small as well as large. They explain to a large
degree why it has become not only practicable but also an
economic advantage to use Indiana Limestone for all sorts
of medium-priced buildings, as well as for the larger projects.

General Offices: Bedford, Indiana

Executive Offices: Tribune Tower, Chicago

ETCHINGS OF THE FRANCISCAN

MISSIONS OF CALIFORNIA

By Henry Chapman Ford
PUBLISHED 1883

No. 7 — Mission of Santa Barbara

This is unquestionably one of the most interesting and
popular Missions in California. It was established
under the presidency of Padre Lasuen, who, in 1785,
assumed the labors of Serra. The Mission was formally
dedicated December 4th of that year, although the first
mass was not celebrated until the sixteenth, at which
time Governor Fages was present. Santa Barbara
Mission is situated on a picturesque site at the foot of
the Santa Inez Mountains and within the city limits
of Santa Barbara. The original church, built of adobe
with a tile roof, was destroyed in the earthquake of
1812. The present cement stone edifice was completed
in 1820. The main front is ornamented with six half
columns that support a triangular pediment relieved by
a few statues of saints. Considering that it was the
work of uneducated Indians, directed by a priest, the
structure commands more than ordinary interest.
There were neither architects nor good workmen at
that time so that a serious criticism of the edifice would
be ill-advised. The earthquake of 1925 did some
damage to the towers of the Mission Church but the
massive walls and fachada were undisturbed.

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ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

Vol. 94

JULY, 1928

No. 1

SOVTHEQN CALirOQNlAS'
CHANGING ARCUITECTVUE

William H Wheeler ~^I^4

IFTY years ago when the ques-
tion, "What is architecture?" was
asked, one usually received the
answer that architecture consisted
in the closest possible imitation of the forms
and orders employed by the Romans.
"Stuart's Works on Athens" modified this
somewhat and today churches generally
adhere to mediaeval designs, while public
halls, libraries, legislative buildings, and
other like structures adhere to classic forms,
alternating between Greek and Roman. In
some of our large mansions and churches
there is a compromise between the classical
and common sense which is called Italian.
Now style is a quality. The historic styles
are adjuncts of development. Style is char-
acter expressive of definite conceptions, as
of grandeur, gaiety, or solemnity. It is not
the result of mere accident or caprice, but
of intellectual, moral, social, religious, and
even political conditions. Gothic architec-

Note — While Mr. Wheeler's name appears as the author, the manu-
script was prepared by Andrew R. Boone of San Diego, being his in-
terpretation of Mr. Wheeler's ideas. — Editor.

ture could never have been invented by the
Greeks, nor could the Egyptian styles have
grown up in Italy. Thus, the history of
architecture appears as a connected chain
of causes and effects succeeding each other
without break, each style growing out of
that which preceded it, or springing out of
the fecundating contact of a higher or a
lower civilization. To study architectural
styles, therefore, is to study a branch of the
history of civilization.

So it is the duty, or I might say the func-
tion, of the historian of architecture to trace
the origin, growth and decline of the archi-
tectural styles which have preyailed in
different lands and ages, and to show how
they have reflected the greater movements
of civilization. It is also his function to ex-
plain the principles of the styles, their char-
acteristic forms and decorations, and to
describe the great masterpieces of each style
and period.

It may seem a long and unwarranted
jump to emerge from this discussion into a

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

July, 1928

consideration of Southern California archi-
tecture, but there architectural history is
being built. Later I shall pick up the thread
and point out the logic and cause and effect
of the influences which have dictated those
edifices which today are dotting the hills of
the southern half of that Pacific Coast state.
Southern California's topography offers
many possibilities to architects and build-
ers. Canyons open beautiful vistas to moun-
tain and sea, while many hill tops present
panoramic views for the owners who desire
more pretentious homes. Those who view
more or less casually the buildings of
Southern California may conclude that a
modern style has been evolved, and so, in a
sense, it has. But the thread of architectural
history is none the less closely woven in
their background, and we find their begin-
nings in Spain, originally from the Moors,
later transmitted by way of the west coast
of Mexico.

Perhaps the striking similarity between
the climate, topography, and other natural
conditions found along the Mediterranean

ST.. FRANCIS CHTRCH, MAGDALENA, MEXICO
Fine Example of White Walls

and the west coasts of Mexico and the
United States accounts for the close similar-
ity of their architecture. The landscape
offers the same general aspect; the same
general character of wild growth covers
both ; citrus orchards, eucalyptus and palms,
olive groves and vineyards, and the same
types of parks and flowering plants char-
acterize them. Both along the west Mexi-
can and west United States coasts and the
Mediterranean the buildings are simple in
mass, picturesque, and pleasing in treat-
ment. Generally, exteriors are of stucco,
with walls white or tinted to harmonize
closely with the landscape. Roofs are flat
or low pitched, covered with rounded tiles
or burned clay.

These buildings are not as ornate as they
might be, for ornament is used with
restraint and discrimination. Nor is this
done without reason and purpose. Orna-
ment consists largely in simple mouldings,
pilasters and columns, brackets and
balustrades. These generally are concen-
trated. Who has not noticed the generous
spaces of plain wall left exposed for the
pleasure of those who might see? Added
charm is achieved through the use of prac-
tical features, such as window grilles,
shutters, balconies, and wrought iron decor-
ations so reminiscent of old Spain.

Now there is no definition appropriate
for the architecture developing in Southern
California other than a "typical Southern
California architecture. " It differs widely
from that of the West elsewhere, includ-
ing that portion of California bounded
(roughly) on the south by, but not includ-
ing, Santa Barbara. The influence of the
padres who came away from their Spanish
homes in the seventeenth century has not
been broadcast to the same extent around
San Francisco as further south in Cali-
fornia.

I am sure none thought centuries ago that
architectural influence of the old world
would be extended to the western slope of
the Pacific Coast mountains, yet surelv it
came down. Precedent followed precedent
until we find in our buildings architectural
Blackstones, in the timbers of which are
nailed the political and religious histories

July, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENCINEER,

of several countries. From the first develop-
ment of the architectural art in the Nile
Valley we can trace the development of the
constructive and decorative features which
include the fall of Rome and the predomi-
nance of Constantinople and arrive at a
style called the "Byzantine, " or the develop-
ment of Christian Domical Church archi-
tecture; but here we find that the tameness
'of blindly followed precedent was avoided,
and the departure from traditional tenets
constituted undoubtedly the originality of
Byzantine architecture. Then, about the
year 710, the Moors overran Spain, the
proud Castilian kingdom. They left their
architectural genius as a memento to the
future generations in the shape of mosques
and palaces, and although this same race
was dominant throughout the world at this
' period, the most splendid phase of this
branch of Arabic architecture is found, not
in Africa, but in Spain (the Alhambra at
Granada). The power and dominion of the
Moors in Spain were emphasized by high
civilization and extraordinary activity in
building; and even after their expulsion,
the style they introduced became national in
the regions they occupied, and this style
sufficed for a time to meet the requirements
of the presumptuous and luxurious period
which in Spain followed the overthrow of
the Moors and the discovery of the new
world, America.

About 1556 this style was succeeded by
a coldly classic, singularly devoid of ori-
ginality and interest, which lasted until the
middle of the seventeenth century, then in
turn by more debased and untrained ex-
. travagances, from which Babel of styles
the untrained designer has difficulty in
determining where one architectural con-
ception ended and the other began. It
seems no less difficult to read in our archi-
tectural history that our styles in south-
western United States find root in this
Babel, yet that must be the source, for the
steps through which we have progressed
carry us immediately back to that point.
And in leaping from Spain to the west coast
of Mexico, we leap not in the dark, but
follow the Jesuits who we know had estab-

lished themselves in flourishing missions
prior to 1768.

When these self-sacrificing humans, who
traversed arid wastes and endured the
buffeting of winds and wave, departed from
Spain, they did not leave behind all of the
old country. They came with a single reli-
gious desire, and how well they succeeded
in that is attested by their works. To one
who is gifted with the sense of observation,
proportion, form of detail, color and har-
monious treatment of the earth's products,
and with a smattering of architecture, the
treasures they left in this land of romance
are a revelation. To the architect, our pres-
ent-day designs are a combination of copy-
ism, and the skyscraper of the day is to us
what the Gothic cathedrals were to the
English. Like the operatic stage whose
effect on customs and surroundings dates
back to a time when art was a dominant
factor in its existence, so in architecture;
and when I came face to face with the
architecture of west Mexico, I felt I had
stepped back a few thousand years to the

GUAYMAS GARDEN

There are prototypes in Southern California

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

July, 1928

HOUSE OF MARSTON HARDING, DEL MAR
Requa and Jackson, Architects

days when architecture had attained per-
fection. Thus I feel no need of apology
when I look out upon the creations erected
upon these hills by builders of the twentieth
century, though they may yet be considered
copyists.

Hermosillo, Guayamas, Alamos, Culia-
can, Mazatlan, Acaponeta and Tepic offer
the most artistic results from the Jesuits'
labors, and it is from buildings in these
states that Southern California derives her
distinct architectural styles. Each has its
own merit, each exerts its own charm. Her-
mosillo, with its cathedral, and the ruins of
San Antonio Mission, adobe settlement,
beautiful residences, orange groves and
tropical gardens, exerts its spell of tropical
surroundings. This city strongly reflects
the Yaqui Indian influence, a specimen of
mankind that appeals to the lover of rugged
life and simplicity. Architectural develop-
ments more modern than the Yaqui sugges-
tion characterize it and the city offers pub-
lic buildings reminiscent of their Spanish

HOUSE OF MARSTON HARDING, DEL MAR
Requa and Jackson, Architects

descendants — the governor's palace, mun-
icipal palace, penitentiary and the largest
cathedral in Sonora.

With its placid waters glistening in the
sun, the city flanked on all sides by moun-
tains, Guaymas offers the architect a site of
beauty where he could create his heart's
dream. The cathedral at Guaymas tells a
poignant story of the art that was, but which
now has decayed in west Mexico. Some of
the other buildings retain the old art, but
here and there one sees the atrocities com-
mitted in the name of efficiency — false brick
towers, painted walls to represent stone.
The casual observer would see no causal
relation between the cathedral and the
architecture of Southern California, yet it
exists.

Alamos, almost at the foot of a mile-high
mountain, settles in a rich valley, where
cultivated cactus, plantations, palms, orange
groves, and arcaded buildings give a dis-
tinct impression of the Orient. Here the
characteristic flat-roofed buildings of Spain
may be noted, with the dominant creamy
white color meeting the eye at every turn.
Only the cathedral breaks away from the
flat-top effect. Such scenes as this one would
encounter in the Holy Land. The cathedral
is a glorious pile of proportion and color,
built sometime in the fifteenth or sixteenth
century. Can one not see in this a forebear
of Southern California's modern buildings?
Plastered walls of the surrounding struc-
tures are painted in yellow, red, orange,
blue, green, and violet tints. Here and there
the balconies, friezes, parapets, and gables
are adorned with mural decorations having
a geometric suggestion. Clever imitators,
these old-time artists, as an examination of
the supposed wainscoting proves. Appar-
ently composed of rare marble, similar in
vein and texture to imported Scotch marble,
it is merely a mural decoration. Through
the business district the prevailing style is
the arcade. In all directions arches extend.
Dwellings conform to the flat front, with
glorious patios and barred windows. Trop-
ical gardens fill the patios while garrulous
parrots chatter throughout the day. Under
the canopy of a sun-filled blue sky, these

July, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

Single-story buildings arc certainly pic-
turesque.

Of special architectural interest in Culia-
;an is the cathedral. Culiacan is very old,
less picturesque than Alamos, yet definitely
part of the line of progression which leads
?ver on to those myriad shapes which adorn
Southern California today. The cathedral
luring the Madera revolution in 1909 was
•onverted into a fortress by the mere act of
soldiers moving in for safety, and the ma-
;hine guns left their marks, visible even
oday.

Our more modern structures and attend-
ant surroundings find part of their repose
n Mazatlan, sleeping on a beautiful emi-
nence jutting into the Pacific. Here again
:he cathedral dominates the city. The
intithesis of Mazatlan one may note in
Tepic, situated a long distance from the
coast, buried among the rugged Brancas.
Tepic is redolent with art and the visitor
sees before him a kaleidoscope of great
antiquity — figures, motionless, and moving;
white cotton garments, half-concealed by
glaring red blankets; women, draped in
black, entering and departing highly
'colored walls. Contentment! What could
describe it more generously?

Yet is it contentment? Centuries ago the
tribes from which these people sprang were
skilled in domestic sciences and excelled all
their neighbors of the North American con-
tinent in every element of civilization.
Their laws would have been valuable
adjuncts to Blackstone's famous commen-
taries, yet everywhere decadence visits. The
craving for embellishment and garnishment
which we are pleased to think helps build
our civilization has disappeared, and in its
'place one finds a crushed and conquered
people, evidenced in every movement sym-
bolical of a cruel fate. These cities have
generally escaped the town improver. Per-
haps to modernize them would be to destroy
a paradise for him who revels in art. Yet
municipal advancement and progress must
come and the artist's wish is futile.

Conditions peculiar to the locality govern
largely the course of architecture. Southern
Californians could not live in huts of reed.
Architecture — "the art or science of build-

FOUNTAIN, HOUSE OF \V. A. GUNN, CORONADO
Requa and Jackson, Architects

ing, especially for the purpose of civil life"
—found its beginning in the necessitv of
protection against the seasons. Of little
account at its birth, it rose into life and light
with the civilization of mankind, propor-
tionately as security, peace and good order
were established. It became, not less than
its sisters, painting and sculpture, one
method of transmitting to posterity any
degree of importance to which a nation has
attained, and the moral value of that nation
among the kingdoms of the earth. It is
only when a nation has attained that degree
of power and luxury that architecture can
be said to exist in it. Hence it is that archi-
tecture in its origin took the varied forms
which have impressed it with such singular
differences in various countries; differ-
ences which, though modified as each coun-
try advanced in civilization, were in each
so stamped that the type was permanent,
being refined only in a higher degree in
their most important examples.

The original classes into which mankind

HOUSE OF W. A. GUNN, CORONADO
Requa and Jackson, Architects

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

July, 1928

was divided we may safely assume to be
three — hunters, shepherds, and those en-
gaged in agriculture — and the habitations
which each class would require would, of
course, be characterized by their several
occupations. The hunter and fisher found
their accommodations in the caverns of
rocks, and the indolence which these states
of life induced made them insensible to any
greater comfort than that which these

species of dwelling became necessary.
Solidity was required for the personal com-
fort of the husbandmen as for preserving
from one season to another the fruits of the
earth upon which he and his family were
to exist. Hence, doubtless, the hut, which
most authors have assumed to be the type
of that glorious creation, Grecian archi-
tecture.

Reeds, canes, the branches, bark and

HOUSE OF MR. JOHN S. McGROARTY, PT. LOMA, CALIFORNIA
B. Marcus Priteca, Architect

caverns afforded. We are certain that thus
lived many tribes.

To the shepherd, the inhabitant and
wanderer of the plains, as pasture became
inadequate to his flocks, another species of
dwelling was more appropriate, one which
he could remove with him in his wander-
ings. This was the tent. The Chinese, whose
people were like all the Tartar races, were
shepherds or dwellers in tents. Where a
portion of the race fixed its abode for the
purpose of agriculture, a very different

leaves of trees, clay and similar material,
were used in the construction of these earl-
iest forms of habitation. The first houses
of Egypt were reeds and canes interwoven.
The same material served to form the
houses of the Peruvians. According to
Pliny, the first houses of the Greeks were
clay, they not knowing of any process of
hardening clay into brick. The Abyssinians
still build with clay and reeds. The period
at which stone was originally used for
architectural purposes is quite unknown, as

July, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

it is that in which cement of any kind was
first employed as a medium of cementing
masonry. They were doubtless the inven-
ition of that race which we have mentioned
as cultivators of land, to whom is due the
introduction of architecture, properly so-
called. To them, solid and durable edifices
iwere necessary as soon as they had fixed
upon a spot for the settlement of themselves
and their families.

which it was invented, or it may be treated
historically, tracing every form from its
origin and noting the influence one style
had on another in the progress of time. The
superiority of the latter is that it becomes,
instead of a mere art to the artist or em-
ployer, one of the most important adjuncts
of history.

Painting and sculpture rank among what
are called the Phrenetic arts, while those

HILLSIDE HOUSE, LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA
William H. Wheeler, Architect

Chaldea, Egypt, Phcenecia, and China
are the first countries on record to which
architecture, worthy the name, made its
appearance. But what, after all, is archi-
tecture? As I have already stated, Webster
defines it to be "the art or science of build-
ing, especially for the purpose of civil life."
A learned writer on archaeology stated it
may be studied from two distant points of
view. Either it may be regarded statically
and described scientifically as a thing exist-
ing, without any reference to the manner in

which contribute to the wants of man, such
as food, clothing, and shelter, among which
architecture ranks, are known as the
Technic arts. What, then, is the true defini-
tion of the word "architecture, " or of the
art to which it applies? What are the prin-
ciples which ought to guide us in criticizing
architectural objects? In short, I would say
that architecture is the physical manifesta-
tion of the progress of a people expressing
their needs, character, and culture as modi-
fied by the climatic requirements of the

AUCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

July, 1928

locality. And in criticizing architectural
objects one should be guided by the history
of its growth and transplanting from con-
tinent to continent. For does not the history
of civilization reveal the fact that each
locality develops its individual style?

Thus, the focal point of the Southern
California exterior design is usually the
main entrance, whose doors are often ela-
borately paneled and ornamented, and
courts, patios, and gardens prove quite in-
dispensable. Colonades, arcades, paved ter-
races, and loggias relate them definitelv to
those older styles which came by way of
Mexico. Fountains, pools, pergolas, seats
— all these add to the gaiety of the home.

Now the use of city planning is becoming
more and more a valuable agency in the
creation and safeguarding of home areas.
Being a new agency, it is generally not
understood. Off-hand a ''city plan" may
sound formidable, yet it has an intimate

application to every home owner, for
through proper city planning we acquire a
setting for the home — under conditions far
different from those centuries ago when
people had the wide world for their play-
grounds— and release home districts from
the more concentrated traffic areas.

Likewise scientific zoning starts where
city planning leaves off, thus commerce and
industry are encouraged and benefited by
most appropriate locations and home areas
are permitted to develop from the danger
of blight. City planning, then, creates
amenities for the home owner which once
were not known. A diversity in building and
landscaping tends to variety in gardens,
which generally are planted to blend with
the architecture of the residence and the
surrounding environment. It is a combina-
tion of all these favors that gives to South-
ern California an architecture predomin-
antly Spanish, which is at once new and as
old as the Moors.

ALL SAINTS EPISCOPAL CHURCH, SAN DIEGO
William II. Wheeler, Architect

A&CUITLCTVRE - A Commtm.y Arret

Su/jc.

rvtsor

by Lillian. J kjce

^s4rcAi tectum/ Dertyn ■— iKaneJio Jan fa I&

T IS A far cry from the ram-
shackle, indifferently designed
towns of Sinclair Lewis' "Main
I Street," that grew up like Topsy,
all over the plains of the Mississippi Valley
during the nineteenth century, to the modern
adequately planned
and architecturally
controlled community
of the last few years.
Rebellion against the
sordid mediocrity of
the old order, and ac-
ceptance of the new
idea of city planning
and protective restric-
tions is a natural re-
sult of civilization's
progress. Through ex-
perience, people have
finally come to learn
that art has a place in
commercialism. Con-
ceptions which once were considered to
have only an aesthetic value areat last rec-
ognized as being most practical of the
practical.

One has only to compare some of the
communities that sprang up along the
magic coast of California thirty to fifty
years ago with others which have lately
come into being — compare hard, practical
commercial values, I mean — to realize the
full, inevitable truth of this statement. Our
mild climate unfortunately encouraged
people to build cheaply. And the worst of
it is that they chose many of our most scenic
natural beauty spots. Without control, the
heritage of natural charm that nature gave
us was further disfigured, instead of being
enhanced.

With the dawn of the new day for the

STREET SCENE, RANCHO SANTA FE

city planner and the architectural planner,
this condition has happily changed. Here
and there in the world of industry and com-
mercialism, there are bright spots that
delight the eye — communities where vision
and creative ability are fashioning results

with true important
values, aesthetically,
commercially and in
every other way.

The coast regions
of Southern Califor-
nia having similar
climatic and topo-
graphical conditions
to those of the Medi-
terranean area have
naturally inclined to
develop along the
same lines. This was
made more logical by
the fact that Spain
planted the seed of
Christianity on our shores and brought to
the new world many characteristics of the old.
The modern architect, far from throwing
tradition overboard and starting with a
clean slate, as did the Babbitts of the middle
west, gladly accepts California's early Span-
ish background as the richest source of
inspiration.

With the full appreciation of these facts,
Rancho Santa Fe was started six years ago.
A large corporation with immense resources
of capital desired to create a permanent
horticultural development on this old
Spanish grant of some 9000 acres. L. G.
Sinnard was selected as the man with the
vision and sensibilities to carry out the
project and W. E. Hodges, vice-president
of the Santa Fe Railroad, gave him carte
blanche to do as he willed in the matter of

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

July, 1928

architectural and community planning.
Requa and Jackson were selected by Mr.
Sinnard as official architects because of
their outstanding work at Ojai. It became
my privilege to work out the details of
design on the ground at Rancho Santa Fe
and in time the entire responsibility was
thrown upon my shoulders.

Working out the architectural develop-
ment of Rancho Santa Fe has been a task

As for the more practical side of home
planning, every woman has a natural in-
stinct in this respect and I suppose I am
no exception. The woman who is to live in
a house usually has most to say about ex-
posures, arrangement of rooms, size of
rooms, etc., and I find that being a woman
is a genuine help to me in working out
these details. Then the real joy in the work

SPANISH HOME AT RANCHO SANTA FE, CALIFORNIA

of tremendous personal interest and satis-
faction. With the thought early implanted
in my mind that true beauty lies in sim-
plicity rather than in ornateness, I found
real joy at Rancho Santa Fe. Every envir-
onment there calls for simplicity and beauty
— the gorgeous natural landscapes, the gent-
ly broken topography, the nearby moun-
tains. No one with a sense of fitness, it
seems to me, could violate these natural
factors by creating anything that lacked
simplicity in line and form and color.

comes in planning the exterior upon these
requisites so that the general appearance
will conform to the setting of nature.

Proof that architectural restrictions are
important from both aesthetic and mone-
tary standpoints, lies in the fact that home
owners at Rancho Santa Fe are now form-
ing an association to perpetuate forever the
general regulations that have been enforced
by the Santa Fe Land Improvement Com-
pany up to this time. Charles H. Cheney,

July, 1928

ARCHITECT
AND ENGINEER,

city planner, has been retained to help work
out a covenant to be signed by all owners of
property at Rancho Santa Fe, which will
forever keep out shacks, buildings of in-
ferior design, unsightly grounds and all
other influences which might depreciate
values or the opportunity to enjoy life fully.
Since the natural antecedents of present day
California were Latin blooded, those who

COAST TO COAST COMMENTS

NNOUNCEMENT will be made next
month of a contributing editorial
board composed of well known
Pacific Coast architects who will write ex-
clusively for this magazine on events and
other subjects of special interest to the pro-
fession. Writers in Seattle, Portland, San
Francisco and Los Angeles will comment

FLOWER GARDENS AND PATIO, SPANISH INN, RANCHO SANTA FE

were responsible for this covenant have rec-
ognized the suitability of requiring here
architecture of the Mediterranean type.
With this requirement, all buildings at
Rancho Santa Fe will not only complement
each other, but will conform to the land-
scape, climate and general California con-
ditions. The fact that more and more new
communities everywhere are adopting plans
essentially parallel to the plan of Rancho
Santa Fe is further proof of its validity.

on matters architectural in their respective
cities and readers of The Architect and En-
gineer will therefore be better able to fa-
miliarize themselves with the accomplish-
ments of the profession from one end of the
coast to the other. The comments will also
refer to local civic improvements and the
activities of the different Chapters, Soci-
eties and Clubs. Arrangements are being
made to show portfolios of some of the very
latest work of note in the four leading Coast
cities and the tributary country.

AUCHITLCT

AND ENGINEER.

July, 1928

Qhe SANTA BARBARA
HOKOR AWARDS *

HE forward movement for better
architecture in Santa Barbara is
emphasized in the recent report
of a jury which each year is asked
by the Plans and Planting Commit-
tee of the Community Arts Association,
to name the buildings which, in its
judgment, are most distinctive in design
and plan. Buildings completed in 1926 and
1927 are included, but only those finished
last year are illustrated, since a number of
the 1926 awards have already been pictured
in this and other magazines. The jury,
through its chairman, Miss Pearl Chase,
supplements its award with these interesting
comments.

"The first prize designs in both cases are
examples of distinguished architecture of
national importance. The courtyard of the
San Marcos Building is one of those happy
and successful pieces of design and land-
scaping which unfortunately happens all
too rarely, even in the hands of our best
architects. It is interesting to note that the
decoration shows the influence of Aztec

design. It is a gem that should always be a
source of pride and satisfaction to a city
which sets much more than usual store by
good architecture. The beautiful Santa
Barbara Biltmore Hotel has already deser-
vedly received national recognition in gain-
ing the medal of the Architectural League
of New York. It is splendidly propor-
tioned and has an unusual homelike charm
combined with dignity.

"While the jury was much impressed
with the extremely high character of archi-
tecture found in the honor awards, it was
evident from many other new buildings seen
that there was a large percentage of com-
mercial buildings in Santa Barbara not
designed by well-trained architects; these
included stores, small hotels, apartments,
garages, and service stations, and these are
not nearly up to the standard they should
be or might have been if the city had con-
tinued in office the Architectural Board of
Review, which had such a distinguished
success. Unless some such well-qualified
body is put on guard and the plans for build-
ings, particularly of a civic and commercial

J. Walter Collinge Photo

LA CUMBRE COUNTRY CLUB, SANTA BARBARA
George Washington Smith, Architect

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

July, 1928

character, are carefully scrutinized before
the building permit is issued, there is little
hope of raising the standard of this class of
buildings.

"Some members of the jury felt that there
were several structures of high architectural
merit which could not be given their proper
rating because both architectural features
and detail had been obscured by over-sized
or inharmonious commercial signs. It was
frequently apparent that certain buildings

their building with growing plants was
noted with appreciation. Santa Barbara is
to be congratulated on the interest and co-
operation of organizations and individuals
which have made its business district one of
unusual charm."

The complete list of honor awards is as
follows :

1926

First prize — Court of the San Marcos
Building, 1131 Estado; Myron Hunt,

J. Walter Collinge Photo

LA CUMBRE COUNTRY CLUB, SANTA BARBARA
George Washington Smith, Architect

had been planned and executed without
reference to adjoining structures, and the
appearance of the whole block had conse-
quently suffered. It seems fitting to suggest
that the charm and value of the Santa Bar-
bara architecture would be greatly en-
hanced if owners and architects would co-
operate in bringing about a block or street
point of view, rather than holding to the
unfortunate extreme of independent and
unrelated individual treatment for each
separately owned front. The effort many
owners had made to increase the interest of

architect; John S. Hawley, Jr., owner.

Second prize — Beard's garage, East Car-
rillo Street (formerly Logan's garage) ;
Mrs. James Osborne Craig, architect; Mrs.
Joseph Andrews, owner.

Third prize — Rogers' Furniture store
(remodeled), 928 Estado; Soule, Murphy
& Hastings, architects; E. F. Rogers,
owner.

Special prize — St. Anthony's chapel and
tower; Ross Montgomery, architect; Fran-
ciscan Fathers, owners.

Honorable mention — El Rastillo, 26 East

July, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

Carrillo; Wythe, Blaine & Olson, archi-
tects; Richard C. Parsons, owner (formerly
K. J. Peterson).

Honorable mention — Crane Building,
136 Estado; Soule, Murphy & Hastings,
architects; Crane Company, owner.

Honorable mention — Physicians' Office,
22 West Micheltorena ; George Washing-
ton Smith, architect; Dr. Samuel Robinson,
owner.

Honorable mention — Security Building

ueroa; Marston, Van Pelt & Edwards,

Plunkett & Howell, architects; Southern
Counties Gas Company, owner.

Third prize— La Cumbre Country Club;
George Washington Smith, architect; La
Cumbre Country Club, owner.

Honorable mention Chamber of Com-
merce, 13 Kast Carrillo; the Associated
Architects, John Frederick Murphy, chair-
man of design committee, architects;
Chamber of Commerce of Santa Barbara,

J. Walter Collinge Photo

LA CUMBRE COUNTRY CLUB, SANTA BARBARA
George Washington Smith, Architect

(remodeled) ; Soule, Murphy & Hastings,
architects; Security Title Company, owner.

Honorable mention — Standard Oil ser-
vice station, Coast Highway; Edwards,
Plunkett & Howell, architects; Standard
Oil Company, owner.

1927

First prize — Santa Barbara Biltmore
Hotel, Channel Drive, Montecito; Regi-
nald Johnson, architect; Santa Barbara
Biltmore Corporation, owner.

Second prize — Southern Counties Gas
Company Building, Anacapa and Fig-

owner.

Honorable mention — Associated Chari-
ties Building, 800 Santa Barbara Street;
Soule, Murphy & Hastings, architects;
Associated Charities, owner.

Honorable mention — Copper Coffee Pot,
1029 Estado (remodeled) ; Edwards, Plun-
kett & Howell, architects; Mannings, Inc.,
owner.

The jury making the above awards was
composed of David C. Allison, Los An-
geles, former president of the Southern
California Chapter of the American Insti-

<yyj&

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

July, 1928

STANDARD OIL SERVICE STATION, SANTA BARBARA
Edwards, Plunkett & Howell, Architects

tute of Architects; Charles H. Cheney,
Palos Verdes Estates, city planner and
architect; John Gamble, Santa Barbara,
who as an artist has been particularly in-

terested in the problem of color in archi-
tecture, and Samuel Ilsley, Santa Barbara,
retired architect and director of the Com-
munity Arts Association.

THE COPPER COFFEE POT, SANTA BARBARA
Edwards, Plunkett & Howell, Architects

PORTFOLIO

OF ETCHINGS

Lyle Revaolds \7keeler

ETCHING BY LYLE REYNOLDS WHEELER

Q7Q

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

July, 19;

ETCHING BY LYLE REYNOLDS WHEELER

,uly, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

ETCHING BY LYLE REYNOLDS WHEELER

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER

July, 192:

ING BY LYLE REYNOLDS WHEELER

... w<f

Modem Tendencies in

THEATRE DESIGN

ISCUSSING modern tendencies
in theater design, a writer in one
of the architectural magazines
thinks that he is justified in saying
that the design of a theater should be theat-
rical. This, however, would seem to be
hardly an appropriate word to use, since
architecture is real, while theatrical is com-
monly interpreted to mean an illusion.
However, the word might be correctly ap-
plied to stage settings since there is a fine
distinction between the stage and the theater
itself.

The "movies" have revolutionized the
theater. They have made it democratic.
People of all classes who pay the same price
of admission — a price which all can afford
—sit side by side, see the same performance
and all are made equally comfortable. An
unusual condition has thus been brought
about, which accounts in no small measure
for the present tendency to create elaborate
theater interiors — designs which often fair-
ly ooze ornament, .in which an undecorated
surface is seldom seen, and luxury is sug-
gested in every detail.

The audiences in these motion picture
theaters are largely made up of the masses.
These people revel in luxury and beauty
which are beyond their means. They, there-
fore, patronize those theaters which appeal
to them most in luxury and beauty. At the
same time, these theaters satisfy the intelli-
gentsia. To them, their ornateness is not a
suggestion of luxury, but serves actually as
a stimulant to their imagination. It thrills
the one class and attracts the other.

The plan of a theater is largely a matter
of seating. In the larger houses in the
metropolitan districts, where land cost is
high, it is necessary to include as many seats
as possible in order to reduce the cost per
seat. This necessitates mezzanine and bal-
cony floors in addition to the orchestra. The
actual layout of these several floors is gov-
erned to a very great extent by building

codes and fire laws enforced in the various
cities. Projection and sight lines, too, must
be properly considered. Based on these
stipulations, the problem is to give the occu-
pant of every seat in the house a clear and
unobstructed view of the stage. Ten or fif-
teen years ago, it might have been necessary
to permit of an unobstructed view of the
screen only. But today the photoplay is
only a part of the entertainment" which the
motion picture theater presents. It is often
preceded by "jazz1' and classical selections
by a capable orchestra, and followed by solo
or chorus numbers which are presented
with elaborate stage settings. These, then,
necessitate a clear view not only of the
entire stage, but of the orchestra as well.

Modern engineering skill has come to the
assistance of architects in the solution of
this phase of theater design. The piers and
columns which supported the balcony in the
old-fashioned theater are now dispensed
with, so that one seat is just as good as
another, and apparatus may be installed by
which the floor of the orchestra pit is raised
so that during a feature number the musi-
cians are in clear view of the audience, and
when the picture goes on, they are again
lowered out of sight.

The modern motion picture theater must
allow for the presentation of numbers
which require a full stage setting, as well
as a screen. Acoustics, too, must be con-
sidered.

Concerning the design of the Tower
Theater, featured in this article, the archi-
tect, S. Charles Lee, writes :

"The plan and design of the building is
distinctly original. It represents the solu-
tion of a very difficult problem, due to the
fact that the ground on which the owner
desired to build his theater was extremely
small, and also that tall buildings on all
sides of this location made it imperative
that this small amusement house assume at
least an effect of height. A building with

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

July, 1928

offices overhead was eliminated from con-
sideration as impractical, and the problem
was to create a structure that would not be
dwarfed by those surrounding it. Another
problem was to achieve an effect of interior
spaciousness, in spirit as well as in reality.
The result has been gratifying, and on this
50x1 50-foot lot, formerly occupied by a
650-seat theater, there now stands a 900-
seat theater.

"Small shops which line the two street
fronts are proving a very satisfactory in-
come feature, adding to, rather than de-
tracting from the appearance of the build-

"The interior is also French Renaissance
in theme. Bronze and marble (French
Napoleon and Italian Bottecino) have been
used in profusion, no effort or expense be-
ing spared to produce an effect of richness
and lasting beauty. Walls and ceilings of
auditorium are richly decorated with
plaster mouldings of intricate design, and
fine mural paintings. A high domed ceiling
and an unusual balcony arrangement con-
tribute much to an effect of spaciousness.
Draperies, carpeting, and furnishings '
throughout are luxurious and in keeping
with the architectural setting.

Hand-painted by Heinsbergen Decorating Company

DETAIL OF CEILING, TOWER THEATER, LOS ANGELES
S. Charles Lee, Architect

ing. These shops also serve to keep a flow
of people past the theater doors.

"The type of architecture emphasized is
a modified French Renaissance. The ex-
terior finish is of buff colored terra cotta in
a particularly attractive pattern. The
canopy over the front entrance is of cast
iron, bronze finish. Terra cotta sign frames
above the roof of the building will be
utilized by commercial advertisers for in-
offensive advertising. They also serve the
purpose of adding height and grace to the
building. An unusual lighting effect, pro-
duced by means of tubalite and effective
flood lighting, contribute to the beauty of
the exterior.

"The basement contains a lounge room
capable of accommodating at once half the
capacity of the house, made inviting and
restful by means of luxurious divans before
a marble fireplace, oak paneled walls and
beamed ceilings. This lounge room is
equipped with microphone for transmission
of music from the auditorium. There are
also on the basement floor: men's and
women's rest rooms, marble toilet rooms,
children's play room, housing rooms for the
heating and ventilating plant, and storage
rooms for theater and shops.

"Movietone and Vitaphone are included
in the theater equipment."

«Nc

VNIOJJF WOOD ARCH CONSTRVCTION
FOR SAN FRANCISCO BVILDIKG

/-. /-.

JDy ~s4 jO vi//ac/se/i

ROM time immemorial the arch
form of construction has been
accepted as economical and effi-
cient design.

The earliest example of arch construction
made use of stone blocks fitted to each other
to take compression only. Later, arches con-
structed by Palladio of wooden sections
were used to support roofs. In the eight-
eenth century some bridge arches were
made of cast iron after the designs of
Thomas Paine.

All of these early arch designs required
considerable super-structure to prevent any
movement in the span and a consequent
reversal of stresses.

The earliest use of the framed arch of
wrought iron was in the early part of the
nineteenth century. Wrought iron or struc-
tural steel being capable of taking either
tension or compression did away with the
necessity for a super-structure to prevent

reversal of stresses and the iron or steel
framed arch soon became an accepted form
of construction.

Many attempts have been made to design
wooden arches, but sawing and hewing arch
ribs from heavy logs was costly and waste-
ful of materials and joints between sections
difficult to make.

For these reasons few wood arches have
been constructed in modern times until the
Stephan system was introduced. The few
recent wood arches, other than the Stephan
design, which have been constructed lately,
have made use of horizontally laminated
chord members and a system of wood and
steel web members connecting them.

These arches are expensive to construct
and not economical in design as every
wooden member which takes compression
must also have a corresponding rod to take
tension in case of unsymmetrical loading.

In the Stephan system an ingenious use

PACIFIC GILLESPIE SYSTEM BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO
Villadsen Bros., Inc., Constructors

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

July, 1928

of steel plates at the joints between web and
chord members makes it possible for the
wood web members to take either compres-
sion or tension.

The laminations of the chord member,
being vertical instead of horizontal, place
the nails which fasten them together in
sheer instead of tension as is the case with
horizontal lamination.

as the arch has no long web members to
obstruct light and ventilation when used for
interior spans and to interfere with the plac-
ing of windows in exterior spans.

Concentrated or distributed loads may be
carried on the tie beam as well as on the
arch rib.

It was because of such advantages that
these arches were selected by Villadsen

INTERIOR PACIFIC GILLESPIE SYSTEM BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO
Note Wood Arch Construction

All the wood members are of standard
commercial size of dimension lumber and
all the web members are cut to the same
pattern. No mortising or tennoning is re-
quired. All the cutting can be done with a
small portable saw in advance of assem-
bling. Standard bolts and washers are used
for the few required.

These arches can be built either with a
wood tie beam or with steel tie rods.

The wooden arch must not be confused
with trusses which have a curved top chord

Brothers, Inc., in building the Pine and
Van Ness station for the Pacific Gillespie
System automobile washing plant in San
Francisco.

The necessity for unobstructed light and
gable window space made ordinary trusses
with their network of web members and
bracing impractical for the 100-foot spans.

The result achieved is shown in the
accompanying photographs in which not
only the strength but also the aesthetic
beauty of these arches is apparent.

July, 1928

Q5£

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

CALIFORNIA ARCHITECTURE
AND ITS SOURCES

HE ARCHITECTURE of Cali-
fornia, while developed from Spanish
foundations, is in no sense merely archaeo-
logical, declares Paul Edgar Murphy, dis-
cussing "Native Architecture in Southern
California" i n t h e American Mercury.
"The style expresses the life of today just
as much as the styles of Salamanca and
Granada expressed the life of the periods
which bore them," he says. "The architec-
ture of California is not purely Spanish.
Just as one finds Spanish houses nestling
under the ramparts of Carcassonne and bits
of Florentine details in Sevilla, so one finds
the architecture of all the Mediterranean
countries influencing the California work.
The hand of the native craftsman, Mexican
or Indian, has brought in modifications, and
the American has still further developed
and moulded the character of the buildings,
until there has been finally achieved the
homogeneous style called Californian.

"Even this style has its colloquial varia-
tions. In the south the Mexican ranchero
built a low rambling house, usually a rough
U, closed on the fourth side with a high
wall. The patio, or central court, was large
enough to house his wagons and horses, his
servants and their belongings in time of
attack. The house was seldom over one
story in height and one room wide. There
were no corridors; a covered walk on three
sides of the patio afforded the little protec-
tion from the weather needed in so mild a
climate. The walls were ordinarily of
adobes or sun-dried bricks, and were from
4 to 8 ft. thick. Such walls, of course, neces-
sitated tremendous reveals at the doors and
windows, and one of the chief charms of
Southern California houses today is the
deep shadows cast in these recesses.

"Near Long Beach lies the Rancho Los
Cerritos, a fine old hacienda. It was built
originally by Don Juan Temple, an Ameri-
can who became a Mexican citizen. The
house is in an excellent state of preservation,
thanks to the care bestowed upon it by the
present owner, Jotham Bixby, Jr., whose

father bought the place from Temple. The
central portion is two-storied, with two low
one-storied wings forming the traditional
U. It is built of adobes plastered with lime.
The shingle roofs are modern; the original
house had flat roofs, covered with asphalt
in much the same manner as the houses are
roofed in North Africa. The two-storied
central portion housed the family and its
guests. Here were the living hall and the
ample dining-room. The wings were given
over to stables, to shops and to store-rooms,
for these ranchos were self-sufficient. An
adobe wall with a heavy wooden gate closed
the great patio.

"At Santa Barbara the town house of the
De la Guerra family provides another in-
teresting example of early design. It is one
story and retains the patio, not, however,
closed in. A portion of the house is still in-
habited by the family, while the rest, care-
fully restored, is incorporated into the
delightful group of shops called El Paseo.
Not far away, near Fillmore, is the Rancho
C a m u 1 o s, popularized by Helen Hunt
Jackson as the birthplace of Ramona, and
long the property of the Del Valle family.
This house differs from the others in that
its floor is raised a considerable distance
above the ground.

"Farther north, one finds a stronger
American influence. Not content with the
handiwork of the natives, wealthy rancheros
and successful townsmen imported window
sash, wood trim and finish lumber from the
Atlantic coast. Inasmuch as most of the
ships sailed from Boston, these things were
Georgian in design, and their incorpora-
tion into Californian work produced the
Monterey house, called from the town of
that name. Monterey houses are scattered
along the coast from San Luis Obispo
northward, and an excellent example is the
Castro House at San Juan Bautista. The
Monterey house was usually two-storied,
with a projecting balcony along the entire
facade at the second-floor level. The bal-
cony often had turned spindles in the railing
and was always of wood. Wood shakes or
shingles replaced the tile roof of the South,
and double hung windows with small lights

[Turn to Page 104]

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ARCHITECT

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1921

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ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

July, 1928

woodwork culminates in a grill that com-
pletely hides the choir, and in the center of
all is the Ark. This bows out in a wide
curve, and is closed by two rounded sliding
doors. In front of it there are huge hang-
ings of amethyst velvet, embroidered with
the golden crown symbolic of the Torah and
the lions representing the tribe of Judah.

High above the choir and bronze organ
front, there is a rose window, corresponding
to an identical one at the opposite end of
the Temple. These windows are built
around great bronze menorahs that are the
framework of the art glass, stained in var-
ious shades of blue. These menorahs can be
lit at night, so that the windows are suf-
fused with a soft, warm glow.

The ornamentation of the walls is simple.
There are series of symbolic medallions be-
tween the window arches and in the choir
arch, bearing the shield of David and the
various signs of the tribes of Israel as des-
cribed in the forty-ninth chapter of Genesis.

More than 700 persons can be seated in
the main auditorium and almost 200 in the
gallery. The main floor seats are set in con-
verging semi-circles so that each directly
faces the pulpit. The floor slopes down-
ward, giving each member of the congre-
gation a perfect view. These seats are
something entirely new in church equip-
ment. Although upholstered and shaped
exactly like an opera chair, with arm rests
and lift-up seats and backs curved to fit
the body, a hood has been added that ex-
tends across the backs and fills the interven-
ing spaces between chairs so that it gives the
entire row of chairs the appearance of
straight pews. The ecclesiastical effect is
not lost, and at the same time the comfort of :
the opera chair is retained.

The architects were Morris H. White-
house and Herman Brookman, associated,
and John V. Bennes and Harry Herzog,
consulting architects. F. W. J.

Other Photos on Pages 69, 71 and 7.5

GARDEN VIEW, HOUSE OF MR. HARRY A. GREEN, PORTLAND, OREGON

Herman Brookman, Architect

•Woe '

(WILDING FOR PERMANENCY

by Charles H Chene

Consultant in CTify J^h

HIS is the planning age. A new
era is upon us — we have all sensed
it. America confidently enters it,
now become the richest nation on
I earth, with higher standards of living than
man has ever known before, with a potential
strength and courage vaster than any of us
can comprehend, and withal new duties and
responsibilities upon this and coming gen-
erations, that brook no little plans, no tink-
ering, no dalliance with halfway measures.
City builders, architects, engineers of the
country, this urban age faces you with stern
responsibilities.

Look well to your planning! A greater
age than has been, is here. Build nobly!
Hold to high ideals! Above all, remember
that man must have the joy of living, the
real pursuit of happiness which, after all,
is only truly satisfied by a highly esthetic
environment, as well as by sound social and
economic conditions.

City planning is futile which does notkeep
ever first in mind its human purpose and
objectives. At this, our twentieth National
Conference, it is more than time that we
brought the country's attention back to those
great ideals and, above all, those esthetic
considerations of city planning which in
succeeding generations will be the thing
that our time is most judged by. Too long
have we talked about the dry, mechanical
processes of planning; too little have we
emphasized the importance of the beautiful.
Economic, social and esthetic COnsidera-
fAbstract of a paper read at the 20th National Conference on City
Planning Dallas, Texas, May 8, 1923.)

tions are inseparable in any complete plan-
ning for the best urban life, or even for the
best country life. It is true that this confer-
ence in preceding decades found it neces-
sary to emphasize economic and social con-
siderations in order to have city planning
established on a firm basis. The old "city
beautiful" slogans and campaigns of twenty
or more years ago lacked the solid economic
and social foundations necessary to make
them succeed, and we had to soft-pedal
them until better public understanding of
all three phases of city building was
achieved. Now the country has caught up
with us. In fact, the country is ahead of us;
beauty has become the watchword of busi-
ness and industry; city planners lag behind.
Wake up, city planners, or you will soon be
cast aside for leaders with better grasp of
the public demands of our time.

Every item of the city plan (or master
plan, as it is now often called for cities,
counties or regions) must take the esthetic
into account. A complete master plan of
any area is generally understood to include
the following major parts:

Part I — The major traffic street plan.

Part II — The comprehensive zoning plan and
ordinance, limiting use, height and bulk of buildings;
and other protective property regulations.

Part III — The transportation plan: railroad ter-
minals, viaducts, grade separations, port and harbor
developments, aviation fields, rapid transit, local sur-
face cars and bus lines.

Part IV — The comprehensive school, playground
and recreational system plan.

c~y/p

ARCHITECT
AND ENGINEER.

July, 1928

Part V — The comprehensive park system plan, with
connecting parkways.

Part VI — The plan and program for better housing
of people, including both housing codes and construc-
tive housing schemes.

Part VII — Plan for public architectural groups,
civic centers, educational and other buildings.

Part VIII — Plans and ordinances for the general
improvement of the great run of private architecture,
of environmental conditions, and increase of the
amenities of life.

There are fundamental esthetic consider-
ations which must be taken into considera-
tion in each of these important parts of the
master plan.

A major traffic street plan which neglects
or overlooks the necessity of maintaining
important vistas, of purposely shifting over
to make opportunity for location of im-
portant buildings and groups "on axis," of
providing for arcading or of harmonious
block treatment of down-town architecture;
of group planning in residence as well as
business districts, is no true solution of the
city plan.

Zoning ordinances and building codes
have more effect on architecture and land-
scaping than any other agencies. The glor-
ious new architecture of New York, caused
by the New York zone ordinance in its set-
back provisions for light and air, is one
profound esthetic result of the city building
of our time. Few people know that these
regulations were deliberately worked out by
some of the greatest architectural thinkers
of our time, who had the esthetic im-
portance of such regulations well in mind,
at the same time as the economic and social
objectives of zoning.

One of the greatest blights of our cities,
one of the biggest and hardest problems to
be solved, is that of the disfigurement and
upset to surrounding property caused by
railroads and other transportation agencies.
Great economic losses result, with depress-
ing and deteriorating influence upon the
poor creatures of humanity who generally
drift to the depreciated neighborhoods
along railroad rights-of-way. There is also
the great loss of time and inconvenience to
whole cities by misplaced or outgrown

yards, terminals and other facilities, that
proper co-operation and planning, on the
part of public and carriers, could make
wholesome, esthetic and compatible with
the reasonable amenities of life.

And so through all the items of the master
plan the human equation — that subtle thing
that reflects and controls men's souls, the
esthetic — can and must be provided for.

Webster says simply that by the esthetic
we mean the appreciation of beauty. Let
us accept beauty as including necessarily
truth, perfection, fitness, color, harmony,
and generally, symmetry of form appro-
priately and attractively used.*

Architecture and planting, or the land-
scape art, build and clothe most all of the
physical developments about us. They are
the services of man most directly affected
by city plans or master plans.

In judging good architecture, (and here
I would again add landscaping as well) as
we have often said, there must be an essen-
tial quality of charm, that may be called
the soul of the structure. More profoundly
and importantly does this apply to the great
master plan of a city, county or region.
Every such plan must have distinct char-
acter and charm, to properly fulfill its
purpose. It must express the soul, the char-
acter and civilization of the people of the
area it covers. How many city plans achieve
or even strive for this essential quality of
charm?

Gordon says that esthetics is a science,
because it pursues the methods of science.
This should give comfort to those engineers,
lawyers and others so gun shy of the word
"art," so fearful the courts will not "sus-
tain" it. "A rose by any other name would
smell as sweet/ Let us not quarrel over
nomenclature, provided humanity receives
its due.

Evidences are aplenty that the new age,
the planning age, is upon us. Social values
are being readjusted to demand beauty and
order, as well as health and convenience.
Herbert Hoover has well stated the situa-
tion :

(♦See Raymond: Essentials of Esthetics, pp. 34-36; and Bo.-an-
quet : History of the Esthetic.)

July, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

"That enormous losses in human happiness and in
money have resulted from lack of city plans which
take into account the conditions of modern life, needs
little proof. The lack of adequate open spaces, of
playgrounds and parks, the congestion of streets, the
misery of tenement life and its repercussions upon
each new generation, are an untold charge against our
American life. Our cities do not produce their full
contribution to the sinews of American life and char-
acter- The moral and social issues can only be solved
by a new conception of city building."

An interesting story is told of Henry
Ford, that some five or six years ago he said
he would not give five cents for all the art
the world had produced. Yet the past year
sees Ford employing the best artists, and
achieving a most beautiful car. Humanity
1 will be served, and the esthetic has come
into its own in America's largest industry.

The relator goes on to say:

"We passed from the hand to the machine, we

enjoyed our era of the triumph of the machine, we

' acquired wealth, and with wealth, education, travel,

1 sophistication, a sense of beauty ; and, then we began

to miss something in our cheap but ugly products.

Efficiency was not enough. The machine did not

satisfy the soul. Man could not live by bread alone.

1 And thus it came about that beauty, or Avhat one

conceived of beauty, became a factor in the production

and marketing of goods."

Recent decades allowed the machine too
much emphasis in our art, our literature,
our lives, even in our city plans. Well rid
of the so-called machine age, we can enter
upon the new era of the planning age with
great benefit, with relief in our minds and
hearts. Higher and more human ideals are
bound to prevail.

And now comes from Henry Ford a re-
markable interview, in which this greatest
1 industrialist of our time says much the same
thing — that we are entering the planning
age, when machinery alone will not suffice
to meet man's needs and demands in this
country:

"The whole country is in flux," he is quoted as
saying. "We have reached our present point without
plan, but to go much further we need the opening of
I the country on so broad a basis that the government
must aid — not in finances or in managing, but in
helping so to plan that the barriers to individual action
may be removed. And, unless we take this in hand

quickly, we may find our progress rather suddenly
blocked. That is a very real danger. We are faced
with the alternative of use or decay."

The esthetic considerations and require-
ments of the city must be soundly tied in
with the social and economic program.
Some of these definite objectives or ideals
to be obtained, may be mentioned:

1. Plan for beauty. Deliberately and
carefully, every item of the master plan
must be thought of, from its inception, with
regard to the effect, the beauty, that it will
produce.

2. Plan for color. Human nature reacts
sharply to color, which may be cheerful,
pleasing, extraordinarily stimulating, but,
as yet has been debased, desecrated most
inhumanly, incontinently defiled, and
purely because of carelessness, in most com-
munities. Color can make or destroy even
the best architecture; it can retrieve much
of the worst. Color planning in cities will
some day be as important as street planning.

3. Plan for individual character. Every
city, county or region has something its
very own, of life, subtle character, indivi-
duality. This is most precious. To preserve
and enhance it is the prime duty of every
planner.

4. Plan generously. The new age, the
flying age, now upon us, opens demands of
space unthought of, but which, however,
must be met. The great communities of the
past were those that planned on a large
scale and built to a big mould. Now time
and space have been annihilated. Industry,
housing, even business, are certain to spread
out over tremendous areas. We need wide
streets, squares, parks and playgrounds.
Vision and wise planning are required as
never before. The Chicago Plan remains
the greatest in the country, because of the
generous scale on which it has provided for
the future.

5. Plan architectural control of all build-
ings, signs and physical appearances. The
general architecture, mass and appearance
of all buildings, private as well as public,
is essentially a matter of public concern.
Enormous depreciation and waste result
from the present unregulated system of
building.

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

July, 1928

6. Plan to maintain the ''town picture.1'
The community is entitled to preserve the
outward characteristics which develop as
a result of God-given natural beauty or of
its being a community. The city needs pro-
tection from disfigurement, and the preser-
vation of old buildings, of natural beauty,
and architectural monuments. Many of the
older communities of Europe have long
protected these things. We have much to
be proud of and preserve, in our old
colonial buildings of the eastern seaboard,
and in our Spanish colonial inheritance in
California and the southwest, if we keep
them inviolate.

America must build better cities. We are
a rich nation, but a tawdry one in appear-
ance. Our station in civilization demands
and requires a better dress, our progress in
education and culture insists upon a better
environmental condition for our children
and our children's children.

Remember that the architecture we leave
behind us is the chief measure of our civili-
zation. We must act promptly to insure
that in the future, at least, no more such
tawdryness, no more such ugliness, such
lack of color, shall be tolerated in new
buildings.

To bring out how far American com-
munities are falling behind we rated a few
of the principal cities last year, according
to the percentage of good architecture and
good environment they seemed to offer.
Some additional ratings are now given. We
believe a frank and yet reasonably liberal
board of inquiry would have to report on
these cities as follows:

Per Cent

Dallas, Texas 6

Fort Worth, Texas 6

St. Louis, Mo 7

Chicago, 111 8

Oakland, Calif 10

San Francisco, Calif 11

Boston. Mass 12

Los Angeles, Calif 12

New York City 12

Philadelphia, Pa. 15

Washington, D. C 25

London, England 9

Contrast with these some of the cities and

suburban communities that have established
definite architectural control:

Per Cent

Roland Park, Baltimore °o

Forest Hills, Long Island 95

Shaker Heights, Cleveland 80

Country Club District, Kansas City 75

St. Francis Wood, San Francisco 95

Palos Verdes Estates, Los Angeles 95

Nantucket (100 years old) ! 95

Yorkshire Village, Camden, N. J .90

Paris, France 85

Amsterdam, Holland... 85

Santa Barbara, Calif 40

Most of the architects seem to think these
figures are, if anything, too high. The
Architectural Club of Los Angeles voted to i
give San Diego a rating of only 3 per cent,
but I think this extreme.

The seriousness of the situation lies, how-
ever, in the fact that the percentage of new
buildings, really esthetically good, is not inr
creasing. In some cities it is even decreas-
ing— the building inspectors tell us they
are getting fewer plans today than formerly,
by men trained to produce good design.

Thus city planners are now called upon
to take increasing responsibility. A few
have always realized their obligation for
the esthetic, but their number is pitifully
small. Now times have changed the
responsibility can be shirked no longer.
False and short-sighted ideals must be
dropped, our planless planning commis-
sions revitalized. Some of them only need
funds. Others should be fired.

We need many more trained men in city
planning; men with an understanding and
practical working knowledge of esthetic
values, as well as of economic or social
problems, or the law. Much more use
should be made of the trained architects
and landscape architects of the country;
their present influence is too small — largely,
it is true, because of their lack of civic-
mindedness.

No public authority should pay out any
money, nor should any city planner accept
any money for the making of a city plan or
any part of it, which does not fully take
into account the fundamental esthetic con-
siderations here mentioned.

uly, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND LNCINEER.

See Article on Page 61

CONGREGATION BETH ISRAEL SYNAGOGUE, PORTLAND. OREGON

MORRIS H. WHITEHOUSE AND HERMAN BROOKMAN, ASSOCIATE ARCHITECTS
JOHN V. BENNES AND HARRY HERZOG, CONSULTING ARCHITECTS

July, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENCINEXR,

HOUSE OF MR. HARRY A. GREEN, PORTLAND, OREGON

HERMAN BROOKMAN, ARCHITECT

July, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

HOUSE OF MR. HARRY A. GREEN. PORTLAND. OREGON
HERMAN BROOKMAN, ARCHITECT

[uly, 1928

AUCHITLCT

AND LNCINEER,

HOUSE OF MR. HARRY A. GREEN, PORTLAND, OREGON

HERMAN BROOKMAN, ARCHITECT

July, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENCINEER.

Terra Cotta by N. Clark & Sons

TOWER THEATER, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA

S. CHARLES LEE, ARCHITECT

ARCHITECT
AND ENGINEER.

July. 1928

.■bwIIjL ^

i i

PLANS, TOWER THEATER, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA

S. CHARLES LEE, ARCHITECT

July, 1928

unp,

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

Marble Columns and Wainscot, Vermont Marble Company

TOWER THEATER, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA

S. CHARLES LEE, ARCHITECT

ARCHITECT
AND ENGINEER,

July, 192S

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DETAILS FOR A MARBLK STAIRWAY ON A CONCRETE FOUNDATION

[iily, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

Padilla Company Photo

TOWER THEATER, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA

S. CHARLES LEE, ARCHITECT

1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

GARDEN VIEW, RESIDENCE OF MR. W. S. HART, SACRAMENTO

DEAN & DEAN, ARCHITECTS; F. N. EVANS, LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT

July, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

GARDEN VIEW, RESIDENCE OF MR. W. S. HART, SACRAMENTO

DEAN & DEAN, ARCHITECTS; F. N. EVANS, LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT

ARCHITECT

AND ENCINEER,

PATIO AND LOGGIA, RESIDENCE OF MR. J. S. COLLBRAN, BERKELEY

EDWIN LEWIS SNYDER, ARCHITECT

July, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

July, 1928

pajT fLooD Plan

PLANS, HOUSE OF MR. J. S. COLLBRAN, BERKELEY

EDWIN LEWIS SNYDER, ARCHITECT

}uU, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

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July, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

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\ND ENGINEER,

July, 192i

MIOHBOR.HOOD house

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PLAN, NEIGHBORHOOD HOUSE FOR ASSOCIATED CHARITIES, SANTA BARBARA

SOCLE, MURPHY & HASTINGS, ARCHITECTS

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

ARCHITECT

AND LNCINEER,

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MY EUROPEAN IMPRESSIONS

CO Clausen'fl^rc/)i/ecfAJJ'at)€Frcmcisco

N THE central part of Rome
stands the church of Santa Maria
della Concezioni, conducted by
theCappuchini Monks. Thebuild-
ing is very old, having been founded in
1624 and architecturally, is of little conse-
quence. Among the few paintings in the
church only one is of any particular note.
This is of St. Michael vanquishing Satan,
by Reni.

The Cappuchini Monks clothe them-
selves in brown frocks, go barefooted and
never shave their beards. They are devout
to the extreme and at short intervals, upon
the tolling of the church bell, gather to-
gether and chant in the most weird manner.

One is liable to be disappointed in a visit
here until conducted to the crypt below and
then comes a shock that will wrack the
nerves of even the strong hearted. The
monk leads you through a series of
burial vaults decorated in a grewsome man-
ner with the bones of about 4000 departed
Cappuchinians. Each vault contains a grave
from Jerusalem. There
covered w i th earth
are arches built of
grinning skulls; archi-
tectural structures of
various designs all ex-
ecuted to represent
different parts of hu-
man anatomy; walls
with frescoes, panels
and curved lines made
of the human skele-
ton.

T h e old f r i a r

■

CRYPT. CAPPCCHIM (Hl'RCIl, ROMP

seemed quite proud of this work and re-
marked trrat some day perhaps his bones
would add to the further decoration of
the place.; He handed us a set of photo-
graphs of." the place for our approval to
purchase. 'The picture'shown here was se-
lected from this collection.

I endeavored to classify this architectur-
al design and concluded to call it "Renais-
sance de ta Morte." The old monk smiled
and said that although he never yet had
heard it called such, he Considered the name
well taken.

The great^ humorist Mark Twain once
visited this place and atthat time remarked
that there would be stirring times there
if the last trumpet should blow and the de-
parted on£s, returning suddenly should get;
hold of the wrong leg in the confusion and
the wrong skull, and find themselves limp--
ing and looking through eyes that were
wider apart or closer together than theyi

were used to.

It was a relief to
get out and shake oft
the gloomy effects of
the place by calling
at some of the side-
walk cafes along the
Corso whereupon
copious libations of
"Cinzano" helped to
divert o u r thoughts
from the horrors of
the Cappuchini an
vaults.

DESIGNING A GADDLN
in tkc SPANISH SPMT

by Frederick. N Lvaas

G°e//ow ^$JIQ>4

[HERE is a pleasure for the de-
signer in working out grounds
and garden in the Spanish style.
There is a free hand something in
Ce choice and disposition of plant material,
i well as in the simple character of garden
;atures, which fascinates. The type de-
lands a certain grasp of essentials but at the
ime time it allows a seeming abandonment
f detail. It is as though in contrast to a
mcentration upon ornament such as would
e called for in designing an Italian garden,
ne were asked to proceed in the manner of
poster artist. There are to be broad spaces
>f high light and of shadow. There is force
modified by simplicity.
The garden of Southern Europe is not
lways simple in plan or form, but the
arden features usually are simple and
old, of a form and shape which can be
iken in at a glance, special interest being
iven to such features by color in the use of
ile. Color, too, is
;iven by flowers,
nd strong accents
>y the use of strik-
ng plants in strik-
ng positions. The
)lacing of plants
n the Spanish
garden has in it a
laphazard sugges-
:ion. This is due
o the filling in be-
ween the princi-
3al plants, or the
iccent plants, with
nany minor ones.
3ne of the plea-
sures to the visitor
s the discovery of

FOUNTAIN, GARDEN OF W. S. HART, SACRAMENTO

these casually placed plantings tucked away,
to be come upon by accident, as a rose bush,
a few aloes, or a brilliant geranium clam-
bering up the wall.

It is this casual quality in the Spanish
garden — this permission which it reserves
unto itself to do the spur-of-the-moment
thing in its planting which makes this old
world garden one of the most interesting
and at the same time one of the most diffi-
cult gardens to "do" in the proper spirit.
It is exactly along the line of thought which
recognizes that it is much more difficult to
create a woodland scene than to make a pre-
sentable formal garden. The former de-
mands concealment of the very art which
is employed. The Spanish garden demands
this thing more than anything else. It must
appear casual; at the same time it aims at
definite effects of creating "atmosphere" or
"spirit." It must be orderly in its casual-
ness and not desultory or aimless.

Referring to the

garden shown,
plants used about
the front entrance
of the house are
yucca, rosemary,
dracaena, cactus,
oleander, and so
on, with the well-
It n o w n hen-and-
chickens, low jun-
iper, and alyssum
at the edge. In the
beds about the
wide brick pave-
ment surrounding
the fountain curb
in the garden are
hedges of the Eng-

100

c~y/r
ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

July, 192

lish privet, cut low. This is the evergreen
having the color of boxwood, and when it
is repeatedly trimmed it takes on an entire-
ly dwarf habit of leaf. Loquat, oranges,
lavender, roses, and mahonia are planted
with flowers in the beds. Tall-stemmed Jap-
anese palms rise at the center, while Italian
cypress like gate posts or pylons, stand at

shadows from tree or vine through whicl
scattered light falls across a step or seat,
simplicity in general detail, and yet pos
sessing a marked richness of vegetation
these are among the points which th
garden of the Saracen, and indeed th.
Spanish Colonial garden type in our owi
country, suggest as our guide if we wouli

GARDEN OF W. S. HART, SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA

Dean & Dean, Architects

F. N. Evans, Landscape Architect

entrance points. The gardener is encour-
aged to fill in, wherever there is space, with
plants that will give plenty of color, but
not to pull out growing things that he does
not know on the ground that they may be
weeds. Zinnias, petunias, or again Shirley
poppies or marigolds are put in now and
then when opportunity offers.

Color, the highlight of a fountain basin
or other detail, the glint of dripping water,
the soft red of pavement or flower pot, deep

emulate them. Individual types of garden
are they, which invite us to come straight-
away out of the cool darkened house t
enjoy the full sunshine of mid-day.

Wayside Architecture
"AKE-SHIFT eating and soft drink con
traptions that mar the beauty of ou

highways, should be replaced by more at
tractive stands, in the opinion of engineer
of the National Lumber Manufacturers

July, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

101

Association. The prospective owner of a
wayside refreshment stand and gas station
10 longer need rely on his own ingenuity as
m how he throws together a few boards or
sheets of corrugated iron to provide his
place of business. His problem is solved
through the interest of Mrs. John D. Rocke-
feller, Jr., of the Art Center, New York.

ment stands and gas stations. The first prize-
in the refreshment stand and gas station
group was won by Henry Ives Cobb, Jr.,
of New York.

The third competition was announced re-
cently and offers prizes for the first fifteen
stands that are built from the prize-winning
designs. This contest should stimulate the

GARDEN, RESIDENCE OF W. S. HART, SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA

Dean & Dean, Architects

F. N. Evans, Landscape Architect

Several competitions have been held re-
cently to stimulate architectural attention
to this new type of service building, and in
the initial contest, prizes were awarded for
photographs and plans of wayside stands
already built.

The second contest was opened to archi-
tects for original designs of stands that
would improve present conditions. It was
divided into two sections, one for refresh-
ment stands only, and the other for refresh-

building of well planned, attractive re-
freshment stands.

Copies of the bulletin containing sketches
and floor plans of the prize winning designs
in the competition are available on request
from the National Lumber Manufacturers'
Association, Transportation Building,
Washington, D. C, or Clare Winger, Sec-
retary of the Wayside Refreshment-Stand
Competitions, Art Center, 65-67 East 56th
Street, New York City.

ARCH ITFXT

AND ENGINEER.

SINCE 1905

An illustrated monthly magazine of Architecture, Engineering and
Allied Arts and Crafts.

The publishers disclaim any responsibility for statements made in
the advertisements of this magazine. Member of the Western
Business Papers Association.

Yearly subscription in advance to all parts of the United States,
$3.00 ; Canada, $4.00 ; Foreign, $4.50 ; Single Copies 50 cents.

Publication Office :

1662 RUSS BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO

Telephones Douglas 1828 - 1829

Vol. 94

JULY, 1928

No. 1

Color and More Color

the shoulders of the arches are inset with
Mosaic panels.

"The second, third, and fourth stories are
finished in a light blue, of about robin's egg
hue. Mosaic panels at intervals in this sec-
tion of the exterior provide ornamentation.
Above the fourth floor, up to and including
the fifteenth floor, the building is faced with
a salmon-colored brick. The five top
stories, including the penthouse story, are
faced with terra cotta of five different
shades, blue predominating. The architec-
tural style is designated as Modern French.

"The Mansard roof is covered with cop-
per. Chemical treatments are to be used to
hasten oxidation, which will, of course, turn
the copper a soft green color."

Surely this must be a fascinating building
with enough color to satisfy the most
fastidious.

/pi lOLOR in architecture has taken the East
Li I by storm, according to F. W. Fitz-
patrick, who has been called upon to design
several apartment buildings with exterior
walls highly colored. This is following a
trend that has been in evidence on the
Pacific Coast for some time, particularly in
home design. Now the fad has spread to
commercial and public buildings and the
opportunities of the terra cotta and tile
manufacturers are seemingly without end.

The use of color in designing exterior
walls is explained by architects as a means
of securing interesting facades without hav-
ing to resort to overhangs and deep reveals
to obtain the relief of highlights and
shadows. In commenting further upon the
use of colored materials, one architect
declares that color adds warmth and life to
a building and this is undoubtedly true.

Here is a brief description of the color
treatment to a 19-story Chicago apartment
house recently completed from plans by
B. Leo Steif, architect:

"The first story, containing ground floor
shops, is finished in a dark French blue
terra cotta. Bronze medallions are inset at
intervals as ornamentation against the dark
blue. The principal street entrances to the
shops have archways of a moderately sub-
dued green terra cotta. Above the entrances,

102

Should Architects Advertise?

INCE the subject of architects' advertis-
ing is receiving so much attention
from members of the profession, Pacific
Coast architects will undoubtedly be in-,
terested in the following which appeared i
in the last issue of the Monthly Bulletin of
the Illinois Society of Architects, Chicago:

A report was published in the March number of
the Monthly Bulletin, from the Michigan Society of
Architects, upon the subject of advertising. This re-
port urges that architects ought to advertise both fori
the sake of the profession and for their personal advan-
tage. The report takes the position that we have not
advertised because we have clung to an overworn
tradition called ethics. It then proceeds to ask win
we do a long list of other things which are equally
bad or worse.

In answer to the contention that we do not advertise
because of ethics: A paper appeared in the Journal in
February or March which endeavored to show that
advertising, for architects, is a piece of business folly
and that, if it is successfully done, will accomplish
nothing more than to build up an additional expense,
leaving us all on equal terms until someone is clever
enough to think up a new scheme. The contentions
of this paper were offered for criticism to a very suc-
cessful merchant and heavy advertiser. His conclusion
and advice was that architects would very soon ruin
themselves if they got drawn into advertising or would

July, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

10.*

spend endless money before anyone found out, really,
how to do it.

In answer to the charges which this report makes
of common practices: Examples can be found of all
these things, but they are not common practice by all
architects. Many of them are things of which the
Institute disapproves and advises against. Some of
them are of no consequence, but are set forth in the
report in such a way that they have a very bad sound.

The whole list of misdemeanors, some of which are
real and some of which are largely imaginary, are set
out in such a way that a reader, unfamiliar with the
facts, would suppose that they were all things recog-
nized and approved by the Institute. This is not fair
argument.

If advertising is a good thing, those who believe in
it should come to conventions and fight for wrhat they
'believe to be right. It is not a convincing argument to
say that because certain abuses exist, other things
should be allowed.

Abram Garfield, Chairman,
Committee on Practice, A. I. A.

Notes and Comments

MOMING out frankly on the proposition
1 that the hiring of a good architect, and

engineer if necessary, is the only way to
safeguard the owner's interest and make
sure that he gets the sort of a structure he is
paying for, the National Surety Company
of New York, has advised all its agents to
insert in their local publications an adver-
tisement directed toward the home owners
and lenders of money on private construc-
tion work, and urging consultation with
reputable architects before building.

This attitude publicly taken by the surety
company is particularly significant and has
been widely and favorably commented up-
on by architects and engineers.

Other organizations, including several
realty firms, are following the example set
by the National Surety Company, and it
looks as if the architect at last is destined to

come into his own.

* * *

Seattle architects are doing things. The
newer buildings are vastly more interesting
than the older ones. The L. C. Smith

Building, never distinguished for its beauty,
is no longer the dominating shaft in the
city's skyline. Other high buildings arc
looming and one or two projected ones will
soon cast their shadows on the Smith Build-
ing. The new Municipal Auditorium is fin-
ished and was dedicated by the Kiwanians
last month. The hall seats 7500 persons and
cost something more than $1,000,000. It is
unlike most auditoriums of its size in that
the exterior walls are stuccoed instead of
veneered with brick and terra-cotta. The
architects appear to have given the people

a lot of building for their money.

* * *

How I WISH some public spirited resi-
dent of California would give this state a
show place like Mr. Butchart's sunken gar-
dens just outside the city of Victoria, B. C.
Mr. Butchart made his money selling ce-
ment. He has built himself a beautiful
home in the center of sixteen acres of radi-
ant blooms. His fourteen gardeners have
grown almost every known variety of plant
life. Rustic bridges, walks, garden furni-
ture, water falls, fountains and lakes lend
their enchantment to the gardens which the
generous owner has thrown open to the pub-
lic. The show place of Victoria, it is the
mecca of thousands of delighted tourists
who carry home with them memories of a

flowerland surpassed nowhere in the world.

* * *

The TREND of architects to Mexico in-
creases each vacation season. There is much
there of interest to California architects and
outside of Spain the border country has be-
come a favorite objective point, both for
study and play. W. H. Ratcliff, Jr., archi-
tect of Berkeley, recently returned from a
visit to Mexico City, Guanajuato and Chi-
huahua, which he considers the three most
interesting cities, architecturally speaking,
in Mexico. In these three cities, Mr. Rat-
cliff says, much of the primitive atmosphere
is gone, although they still have the horse-
drawn cab and street car. The modern
buildings are copied to a more or less ex-
tent from those built by the early Spaniard.

Mr. Ratcliff deplores the fact that there
is so little religious devotion in the many
interesting churches in the country, due, he
says, to the government's edict that no for-

104

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

July, 192

eign priests shall be permitted to live in
Mexico and no Mexican priest may officiate
without first registering with the govern-
ment, a requisite the Pope declines to rec-
ognize.

''Archaeological activities to date," says
Mr. Ratcliff," have not been conducted with
any great vigor and the remains of the Az-
tec civilization and previous civilizations
which were so ruthlessly destroyed by the
early Spaniards have not been investigated
to any considerable extent. It is possible for
the traveler to find without any great exer-
tion many relics of the Aztec civilization in
the plowed fields near the pyramids and
other monuments, although it is necessary to
obtain a permit from the Mexican govern-
ment to take these trophies out of the coun-
try."

* * *

Three hundred students in Louvain re-
cently sided with the American architect,
Whitney Warren, and caused a demonstra-
tion that shattered to pieces the pillars of a
balustrade that Rector La Deuze wished to
have substituted for the architect's because
the latter favored an inscription reading in
part: "Destroyed by German Fury." The
students, it seems, were in sympathy with
the architect and refused to accept the Rec-
tor's contention that the inscription would
serve merely to revive war hatreds. The
new library, which was restored with funds
subscribed in this countrv, was dedicated
July 4. F. W. J.

CALIFORNIA ARCHITECTURE

[Concluded from Page 59]

served instead of the Latin casements. As
in the South the material was adobe.

"Of commercial and civic buildings of
the early period, not much can be said.
They were usually of such a temporary
nature that they have not withstood the
ravages of time, or their locations were
such that they gave way before the march
of commercial progress. One of the few re-
maining examples is the customs house at
Monterey, a simple building of restrained,
rather classical lines.

"The influence of these various forms o
the early Californian style is still strong
but it is undergoing a remodification at th<
hands of architects who are returning to thi
original sources in Spain, Italy and Nortl
Africa. California is past that period wher
misguided designers tried to adopt th<
Franciscan missions to present-day needs
The missions were religious buildings, buil
for a definite purpose, and their details and
ornament, when applied to modern multi
storied hotels, are about as appropriate ai
the buttresses and finials of Chartres woulc!
be in a similar place."

ARCHITECT TURNS POET

Everybody in the profession — in Northern Californi;
at least — knows that James T. Narbett, architect o
Richmond, is a designer of no mean ability. Few
however, are aware of the fact that Mr. Narbett i:f
poetically inclined. Here is his latest verse, indues
by the recent Republican convention at Kansas city
Kansas City; grand convention;

Grand Old Party meeting there ;
No dark horse to cause dissension,
Everything is clear and fair.

When they found "He did not choose to

Run" for office one term more,
They were puzzled whom to turn to

Run our country as before.

Here comes California's delegation.

Banners flying "we are for
Herbert Hoover" head our nation,

For a term of four or more.

California's choice creates disorder ;

Mellon arrives to lend an oar ;
Speaker Moses raps for order,

Demands attention from the door.

T hen McNab in great oration.

To oratory heights did soar;
Names our Hoover Man of Nation,

"Be our President four or more."

From great Stanford's School of Learning,

Graduate in Engineering Lore.
To world service always turning;

Served well our countrv during war.

Hoover with his team-mate Curtis,

Farmers need not worry more ;
Curtis out from State of Kansas,

Continued prosperity four and more.

My, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

105

flO STUCCO,

M/ex .sroHjt .

3H/H<iJ.£ OP

oTne/t covex/NC
H££t>£o ocrn/oM
And no PuitTMAi»Ci
/A/sioe— £»sur anp

'GOfOf/Jt MO/LT, DPY AM*
J P~IP.£Pf OOP .ABSOLUTS
f INSULAT/OM-TH£ 6£»r
AND L£AST COSTLY
3TA.U<ZTUA£

SO PAP D£v'3£D

trQUTSlOe. OP WALL

iNTCRLaUUNG-OMNNLL CONSTRUCT/ON

PAT£NTS TO f.WF/TZp/iTFttGK

*?/3 CTHLIPXCM STP<££"T
£H//}/VSTO/V. {L\U.

■ IHSIO£ OP WALL fi

ehlhr&£d Plan or myall op phat'T/o/*

PSAT/J-&. OC/T3/D£CCHP)lM£LS

f)NO INSIO£ D CHANNELS WITH OUTSiOE
t£ F/LLEA.S ANO lNJIO£ pFILLEAS

CAN S£ OP ALAIN o/l AS/NPOPCPA
concxpts, ox Asoxsros ,GYAja*r.
<Z£.l/T£ WOOD Of OTN£lt AULAS (ano
C£/*£A/t\sh££T NI£TALS £7Z.£nC.
ANP AS WtLL AOAPT£0 FOX CUXTAlN tvz9i.il ANO AAX-

T/7JOMS of AiAeonoaf sxrscAAAjFss as so At fmctop/£s

"stoma f*~
WHE*E^MM*.& THIS SPACE S£CONl£S

A B£A A/AC COLUMN ST FILL/AiC IT
WITH CONCA£T£ - A3 AT D-G

WALLS AHO PA/fT/T/ONS NIHY SEOP
ANY THICANfSS 0£Stg£P.£/iOM J"

TO lo'op MO££ /NCHES, 8T MA/C/MG

TH£ Pl/fMC£i TH£ fi£QUIS/7£ D£PTn.

POP ILLU3TPAT/ON THIS WALL /S

SHOW* 3 "tH/CX . TH£ N/H/N OtfT£K

AND INNEP CHANNPLS C A NO D APE

2.'o"n/0£ ANO THE P/LLEXS /3*' VYIOE N/AT£PIPU IN TN£NI. SO THAT TINO

AND Hi LONG AS STopiES AA£ HIGH . Ai£N MAY EASILY HAHOLJ? AND PLACS

S'.o"~ lO.o" OP NtOX£ . AS PBOWXPt THtSNf.

CHANNEL S TO d£ MADE TN£
TMCKNELS or CONCPETE NEC£SSAPY

Fop th£ sTAt/cruxe - Bar no waste-

P/NC HOMS.S AND Tm£ NONTSjLA <TCJTTA<Zi

NOVEL CHANNEL CONSTRUCTION DEVISED BY
CHICAGO ARCHITECT

By FREDERICK JENNINGS

O Consulting Architect F. W. Fitzpatrick of
'Chicago is attributed the paternity of the
skyscraper. If he was not the very first to
hink of it he certainly was among the first, and that
;oes back to 1884. We know that he was an early
idvocate of the stepped-back building, now made

He has devised, or participated in devising, many im-
portant building details, hollow tile, automatic sprink-
lers, etc.

Today he surprises the building experts with
another patent just allowed him by the United States
Patent Office on a somewhat revolutionary, but none

•bligatory in any efforts skyward in New York, Chi- the less important, mode of construction.
:ago and the other important cities. He was first to Of course, as in all systems, there are many details,

>ropose tire prevention in this country and has been different ways of accomplishing the desired result and

n the forefront of building activities for fifty years. so on, but, briefly, and devoid of patent-office and en-

106

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

July, 192*

gineering technicalities, the basic principle of this, Mr.
Fitzpatrick's latest invention, is the use of an inter-
locking channel in wall, roof, floor and several other
forms of construction.

We can consider here and now only his wall or
partition channels. They can be of sheet metal, con-
crete, fibre, gypsum or other plastic material having
any bearing and tensile value. Concrete would be
the most general application ; a fine grade of concrete
whose coarse aggregate would be crushed stone or fine
gravel, or where it is essential to have extra light chan-
nels, a pulp, celite or asbestos may be part of the con-
crete. It is pressed into molds that shape the concrete
into long channels, a couple of feet wide and as long
as the story is high and with flanges of such depths
as may be required by the thickness of partition
needed.

These channels are interlocked, as shown in the
accompanying plan, fastened together and to ceiling
and floor and so form an outer wall or inner partition
(and floors, roofs, etc., not here considered or de-
scribed).

By this mode of construction it is claimed that two
men may lift the sections into place and fasten them,
building a room in a day. And when they are done,
the room is done, too. No stone, brick, stucco, or
other wall-covering is needed nor advised under any
circumstance for the inside. The air space insulates
the wall. There are vertical joints every two feet or
so apart to be "pointed" and puttied, then a coat of
water-proof paint, or of "marblecote" or other finish
may be applied outside, covering and concealing joints,
and papering or paint doing likewise on the inside,
and the building is ready for occupancy. No sloppy
plastering (for it absolutely does away with any
plastering) to keep the house damp for weeks, no
cracking of walls, shrinkage, or swelling, and no
expensive wood forms and delays for "setting" of
concrete.

Pipes and wires can be run in the wall spaces; or,
where a column is desired, that space is filled with
concrete and the column is made.

If a very elaborate exterior or interior wall is de-
sired, a model of the ornament is placed in the mold
and the channel face is made, at next to no cost, as
ornamental as any artist can devise. Or, by the same
simple process, the outer facing of channel may be
powdered granite or any other such material desired.
Columns in fireproof buildings may be formed with
these channels instead of wood forms, and they stay
in place after concrete is poured ready for ornamental
facing.

There are scores of uses for these channels. Tlu
tall and costly skyscraper may have its curtain wall-
most elaborately decorated out of these channels. als<
all its partitions; a factory built entirely of them; a
palatial home or workmen's cottages, foundations and
all. It is universal and intended to accommodate am
purse, equally adaptable to all forms of building.
costs less than ordinary wood construction and can
be made anywhere with no expensive machinery re-
quired.

bOOL REVIEWS

Estimating Building Costs, by William Arthur. (Third
revised and enlarged edition.) Scientific Book Corporation,
15 E. 26th Street, New York, publishers. Price $2.00.

A concise handbook for material men, builders, con-
tractors and building tradesmen, containing a splendid
collection of material data arranged for quick reference
and covering all classes of construction. It embraces
chapters on excavating and piling; concrete; brick-
work ; plastering, millwork and glass ; roofing ; heating
and plumbing.

Stair Builder's Guide, by Morris Williams. A treatise
on stair construction of the simplest and most complex forms.
Scientific Book Corporation, 15 E. 26th Street, New York,
publishers. Price $2.00.

A very interesting and well thought out manual on
an important phase of construction, since stairways
can make or mar a house. The chapters are thirty in
number and contain such headings as: Straight Flight
and Platform Stairways; Tangents; Wreath Rail
Bevels ; Laying Out Rails for a Stairway Containing
Complicated Plan Curves. Each chapter contains a
wealth of information on this interesting subject and
every imaginable type of stairway is included.

The Clay Resources and the Ceramic Industry of
California, by Waldemar Fenn Dietrich. California State
Printing Office, Sacramento, publishers.

A remarkably fine handbook on an ever-important
subject, issued by the California State Division of
Mines, containing maps, graphs, photographs and
sketches and embracing a wide field of intensive re-
search. To be obtained at the Ferry Building Division
of Mines, San Francisco.

Proceedings of the American Concrete Institute — 24th
Convention. Published by the Institute, 2920 West Grand
Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan. Price $10 to non-members.

Should be of great value to the constructional en-
gineer, architect and concrete contractor. Covers a
vast amount of data and contains excellent maps, plans
and photographs.

FULL COMMISSION

William Mooser, architect of San Francisco, will
receive his full 10 per cent commission for preparing
plans and supervising construction of the courthouse
at Santa Barbara, his application for a writ to compel
the county auditor to allow his claims for fees having
been granted by the superior court. Mr. Mooser's
original contract with the county supervisors was for
preparations of plans and specifications at a fee of 6
per cent. A supplemental contract provided for super-
vision at 4 per cent additional. The cost of the new
courthouse is estimated at about $1,500,000.

BRANCH BANK BUILDING

Albert F. Roller, architect in the Crocker First
National Bank Building, San Francisco, is completing
plans for a branch bank building to be erected on the
southeast corner of 18th and Castro Streets, San Fran-
cisco, for the Hibernia Savings and Loan Society. Con-
tracts have lately been let by Mr. Roller for a splendid
mausoleum in San Jose. Mr. Roller is preparing plans
for a one-story Class "A" store building on Broadway
near 18th Street, Oakland, for the Guaranty Building
and Loan Society. The estimated cost is $125,000.

DESIGNING SCHOOL BUILDINGS
A number of school buildings in various parts of
the state are being designed by Edwards & Schary,
architects, Underwood Building, San Francisco. These
include a $50,000 grammar school building at Chula,
Monterey County, California, and several new build-
ings and additions to existing school houses in San
Mateo and Burlingame.

DESIGNING COLLEGE HALL
William C. Hays, architect, First National Bank
Building, San Francisco, is completing working draw-
ings for the new Giannini Hall to be built in connec-
tion with the agricultural college group on the Uni-
versity Campus, Berkeley. A construction contract has
been awarded to the P. J. Walker Company.

OAKLAND APARTMENTS
Plans have been completed by H. C. Baumann, 251
Kearny Street, San Francisco, for a fifteen-story apart-
ment building at Bellvue and Straton Avenues, Oak-
land, for the Lakeview Building Corporation. The
improvements will cost $600,000.

ARCHITECTS MOVE

John I. Esterly has moved his offices to 208 Robert
Hovvden Building, 337 Seventeenth Street, Oakland.

Melton V. Mowbray, Jr., architect, has moved to
3924 Twenty-first Street, Oakland.

Harbin F. Hunter has removed to 633 Rives-Strong
Building, 112 West Ninth Street, Los Angeles.

A. F. Rosenheim has moved to 608 Chamber of
Commerce Building, Los Angeles.

J. W. Maxwell has moved from Pacific Grove to
the Iris Apartments, 2142 Fifth Street, San Diefio.

Thayne J. Logan has moved to 761 Old Orchard
Lane, Portland, Ore.

A. H. Knoll has moved to the Hearst Building, San
Francisco.

GRANTED CERTIFICATES

The following applicants were granted architects'
certificates at the last meeting of the State Board of
Architecture, Southern District: Vincent Palmer,
5419 West Sixth Street, Los Angeles; William M.
Thomas, 109 Commonwealth Avenue, Los Angeles;
Henry S. Mackey, 85 North Madison Street, Pasa-
dena; Walter L. Moody, 417 North Maryland Ave-
nue, Glendale ; Albert E. Hansen, Route 1, Box 1181,
Montrose, and Herbert J. Mann, 1030 Wall Street,
La Jolla.

At a meeting of the State Board of Architecture,
Northern District, the following was granted a cer-
tificate to practice architecture in California : Carl
Kingsley Lawrence, 5321 Lawton Avenue, Oakland.

At the meeting of the State Board of Architecture,
Northern District, June 26, the following were granted
certificates to practice architecture in this State: Clif-
ford Norman Franklin, 2526 Van Ness Avenue, and
George Wayland Travis, 426 41st Avenue, San
Francisco.

Certificates to practice architecture were granted by
the California State Board of Architecture, Southern
Division, June 19, to the following: Herbert G
Powell, 926 N. Electric Avenue, Alhambra ; Alfred
K. Kellogg, 1411 Bond Street, Los Angeles, and Sam-
uel E. Lunden, 2101 Galbreth Road, and Henry S.
Mackay, Pacific-Southwest Building, Pasadena.

SACRAMENTO MARKET BUILDING

Kaufmann, Sahlberg & Stafford are preparing plans
for a $200,000 market building to be built at Granada
Way and Alhambra Boulevard, Sacramento.

107

108

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

July, 1928

DEFINES "IRRESPONSIBLE CONTRACTOR"

C. T. Malcom of Walnut Creek, member of North-
ern California Chapter, Associated General Contract-
ors of America, has been awarded first prize in the
competition for the best definition of an "irresponsible
contractor" instituted by W. A. Bechtel of San Fran-
cisco, national president of the A. G. C. Mr. Malcom
won for himself a cash prize of $50 and for his chap-
ter a prize of like amount. Here is his definition :

"One who takes a job for which he is not experi-
enced, or for which he has not suitable equipment and
sufficient capital to finance, or at a price which does
not insure to him a reasonable profit."

The committee of award in its report suggested the
definition might be made stronger and clearer if
amended to read as follows :

"An irresponsible contractor is one who takes a con-
tract for which he is not experienced, or for which he
has not the suitable equipment and sufficient capital to
finance, or at a price which does not insure to him a
reasonable profit, or who lacks integrity."

STATE BOARD REAPPOINTMENT

Reappointment of five members of the California
State Board of Architecture and the selection of a
new man for a sixth vacancy has been made by Gov-
ernor C. C. Young.

Frederick H. Meyer and Albert J. Evers, both of
San Francisco, were renamed as members from the
northern district, while W. J. Dodd, A. M. Edel-
man and John Parkinson, all of Los Angeles, were
reappointed to the southern district. John C.
Austin of Pasadena was selected to succeed Myron
Hunt, also of Pasadena, in the southern section.

MR. WITMER HONORED

David J. Witmer, architect of Los Angeles, has
been selected for permanent chairman of the general
committee which will represent the building industry
and other interests in the revision and codification of
the Los Angeles city building ordinance which has
been undertaken by the Building and Safety Com-
mission.

ARCHITECTS NAMED ON COUNCIL

At a meeting of Los Angeles District, State Asso-
ciation of California Architects, Southern Section,
held in the Chamber of Commerce Building, June 26,
Elwin Norberg and George Gable, architects of Los
Angeles, were elected to represent the district on the
state advisory council of the Southern Section. Rich-
ard C. Farrell presided at the meeting.

CONCRETE APARTMENTS
Messrs. Cramer and Wise, I. W. Hellman Build-
ing, Los Angeles, have awarded a contract for the con-
struction of a five-story reinforced concrete apartment
building at Franklin Avenue and Gramercy Place, Los
Angeles, for W. R. Adam. There will be 177 rooms
and an 80-car garage, the building to cost $350,000.

TWELVE-STORY BANK BUILDING

Curlett & Beelman, architects, Union Bank Build-
ing, Los Angeles, have been commissioned to prepare
plans for a twelve-story Class "A" bank and office
building for Samuel Kress, George R. Dexter and
associates. The location is on the northeast corner of
Hollywood Boulevard and Vine Street, Los Angeles.

PLEASANTON THEATRE

Miller & Warnecke of Oakland have prepared
plans for a reinforced concrete moving picture theatre
at Pleasanton. The estimated cost is $20,000. This
firm has also made drawings for an English type resi-
dence to be built in St. James Wood, Oakland, for
Alexander Wickland.

TO HAVE ITS OWN BUILDING

The Butte Electrical Equipment Company will
shortly have its own building on Folsom Street, west
of 16th Street, San Francisco. It will be 60x100 feet
and is being constructed by the Butte Construction
Company, of which C. Felix Butte is manager.

OFFICE BUILDING ADDITION

The K. E. Parker Company of San Francisco has
been awarded a contract by C. W. McCall, Oakland,
for the construction of a five-story, Class "A" addition
to the Robert Dollar office building, California Street,
San Francisco.

$50,000 APARTMENT BUILDING
Plans have been revised by Henry C. Smith, 785
Market Street, San Francisco, for a three-story frame
and stucco apartment building to be erected in the
Richmond district for C. A. Can. There will be thir-
teen two and three-room apartments.

SAN LORENZO SCHOOL
W. H. Weeks, San Francisco, Oakland and San
Jose, has been commissioned to design a fireproof school
building at San Lorenzo to replace the building re-
cently destroyed by fire.

July, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

109

PERSONALS

Allen Ruoff lias moved his office to Suite 1 103
Story Building, Los Angeles.

Robert M. Farrington lias moved from 200 N.
Beverly Drive, Beverly Hills, to 1313 Wilshire Boule-
vard, Beverly Hills.

G. A. APPLEGARTH, architect of San Francisco, re-
cently enjoyed a trip to the Canadian Rockies. He
was accompanied by Mrs. Applegarth.

William Knowles, Oakland architect, was a re-
cent visitor to British Columbia en route for Europe.

Announcement is made of the dissolution ot the
partnership of Quintin & Kerr, architects. Scott
Quintin will continue the business of the firm with
offices in the Weber Building, Alhambra, and Kockritz
Building, Del Mar. Tom Kerr will practice archi-
tecture at Vancouver, B. C.

Leonard L. Jones, architect of Los Angeles, an-
nounces the opening of new offices at 2504 West Sev-
enth Street, Los Angeles.

APARTMENT BUILDING

New work in the office of Messrs. Irvine and Eb-
betts, Call Building, San Francisco, includes a three-
story frame and brick veneer apartment building on
North Point Street, San Francisco, for M. Jorgensen ;
a three-story stucco and brick veneer apartment build-
ing at 24th and Mission Streets, San Francisco, to
cost $80,000, and a three-story Spanish type apartment
building at 26th Avenue and Fulton Street, San Fran-
cisco, for T. I. Strand.

BANK BUILDING AND RESIDENCE
The H. H. Winner Company, 580 Market Street,
has recently completed plans for a bank building at
Cambria, near San Luis Obispo, for the Cambria
Bank ; also a two-story frame and stucco residence to
be built on Baker Street, San Francisco, for John
Fabriss.

COUNTRY RESIDENCE
Plans have been completed for a large Italian type
country residence at Hillsborough, San Mateo County,
for S. Waldo Coleman. Clarence A. Tantau is the
architect.

BURLINGAME RESIDENCES
Plans for several attractive bungalow homes in Bur-
lingame have been prepared by Russell B. Coleman,
1132 Cambridge Road. Burlingame.

LONG BEACH EXPOSITION

A-l Pacific Coast lumber for structural framework,
hardwall plaster for exterior finish, white canvas laid
on Summerville trusses for roofing, and the expert
workmanship of skilled mechanics under the direction
of experienced contractors and builders, are responsible
for the amazing rapidity with which the buildings ot
the Pacific Southwest Exposition at Long Beach are
being completed. The entire design is the handiwork
of Hufjh R. Davies of Long Beach, official architect
and member of the American Institute of Architects,
under whose supervision the work proceeds.

Hand-textured red tile is used for the roofs of
arcades, making artistic contrasts to the gray-white
and apparently massive exteriors. There are over fifty
buildings under construction, of which twelve are large
exhibit palaces and the balance state and foreign nation
structures.

The use of canvas for roofing serves the double pur-
pose of ventilation and perfect day-time lighting. At
night elaborate electrical floodlight installation, sup-
plemented by over 250 light stands and numerous
searchlights, will almost literally transform night into
day. Arrangements are under way for the installation
of a billion candlepower electric beacon, a duplicate of
the one now installed in New York City.

The motif of the buildings is classed as Tunisian.
It is an adaptation of the old Moorish creations, which
later were reproduced by the Spaniards in the early
days of California and today have an extensive vogue
throughout the Pacific Southwest.

The landscaping follows the Oriental fashion. In-
side the great squares will be sparkling fountains and
limpid pools dotted with exotic water plants. Strange
birds of fantastic plumage will disport themselves.
Twenty-five thousand shrubs and trees are being
planted on the exposition grounds.

ADDITION TO FACTORY
A contract has been awarded to Barrett & Hilp,
918 Harrison Street, San Francisco, for approximately
$200,000, to build a three-story, reinforced concrete
addition to the Simmons Company factory at North
Point and Bay Streets, San Francisco. The old build-
ing on the site will be razed.

TWELVE-STORY OFFICE BUILDING
Plans are being prepared by Messrs. Allison and
Allison, Hibernia Building, Los Angeles, for a $2,-
000,000 office building to be built on the northwest
corner of Fifth Street and Grand Avenue, Los An-
geles, for the Southern California Edison Company.

110

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

July, 1928

complTiTionj

World's Fair Poster
Prizes totalling $4000 are offered for the five best
poster designs for the World's Fair to be held in
Chicago in 1931. The first prize will be $1500; the
second, $500; third, $250; fourth, $150; fifth, $100.
Artists and designers of all nationalities and whereso-
ever residing, are eligible. The competition will end
September 15, 1928. The awards will be announced
not later than January 1, 1929. Details, including pro-
gram, may be obtained by addressing Dr. Robert B.
Harshe, Director The Art Institute, Chicago, 111.
Daniel H. Burnham, architect, is a member of the
Poster Contest Committee, and Jules Guerin of San
Francisco will be one of the judges.
* * *

Brick House

To bring together an interesting collection of well-
designed school buildings in which common brick has
been used for the exteriors, is the announced purpose
of the third annual common brick competition to be
held under the patronage of the Pacific Northwest
Brick and Tile Association.

"Skillful design and ingenious disposal of various
brick patterns, joints, bonds and textures" probably
will determine to considdable extent the rating of the
various designs submitted in the contest.

A total of $2100 in prizes is offered. The competi-
tion is open to two classes — buildings having (1) more,
(2) less than 700,000 cubic feet. Prizes for each
class are the same: First prize, $500; second, $250;
third, $100; four honorable mentions, $50 each. A
grand prize of $500 will be given to the best building,
regardless of class in which it is entered.

Good photographs, floor plans and cubic footage are
all that the architect must submit to compete. Entries
may be made until November 6, 1928. Details may
be obtained from the Association's office in the Arctic
Building, Seattle.

FLAT BUILDING
Messrs. Clausen & Amandes, Hearst Building, San
Francisco, have completed plans for a two-story flat
building to be erected on Toledo Way, near Pierce
Street, San Francisco, for Oscar Buhlinger. The
same architects have prepared plans for extensive alter-
ations to the undertaking parlors on Valencia Street,
near 18th, San Francisco.

NEW MANAGER

W. S. Sneathen, formerly assistant manager of the
Standard Fence Company, is now manager of the
Page chain link fence and wire works departments of
Michel & Pfeffer Iron Works of San Francisco. They
maintain experienced fence erecting crews and are in a
position to give prompt and efficient service on fence
and wire work installations.

REDWOOD CITY SCHOOL

Plans have been completed by Messrs. Gottschalk
& Rist and Alfred I. Coffey, associated, Phelan
Building, San Francisco, for the construction of the
second unit of a high school group at Redwood City,
consisting of a gymnasium, manual training building,
cafeteria and music hall. The improvements will cost
$250,000.

SUSANVILLE ARCHITECT BUSY

Ralph D. Taylor, architect of Susanville, Lassen
County, California, reports that his office is busy on
plans for a gymnasium at Alturas, Modoc County, an
elementary school in Shasta County, a postoffice build-
ing at Lakeview, Oregon, and an addition to the Su-
sanville High School.

WOMAN'S CLUB BUILDINGS

Plans have been completed by Messrs. Wolfe &
Higgins for a two-story woman's clubhouse for the
San Jose Woman's Club. The building will cost
$35,000. Miss Julia Morgan, San Francisco architect,
has been commissioned to design the new Women's
Club Building at Berkeley.

FIFTEEN-STORY APARTMENTS

Plans have been completed by Douglas Stone, archi-
tect, 354 Hobart Street, Oakland, for a $600,000 fif-
teen-story, steel frame and concrete apartment build-
ing for E. Tropp. The location is at 2110 Pacific
Avenue, San Francisco.

RESIDENCE WORK
Frederick H. Reimers, 1624 Franklin Street, Oak-
land, is busy on plans for a number of high-class resi-
dences to be built in the East Bay section. Plans have
been completed and bids taken for an English house
for G. B. Abbott and a Spanish house for Remi Knighl

SOClLlY an) CLVB MEETINGS

ANNUAL BANQUET
Three hundred architects and representatives of
various branches of the building industry of Los An-
geles attended the sixth annual banquet of the Archi-
tects' Building Material Exhibit, in the Architects'
Building, in Los Angeles, June 19. Miss M. G.
Schmidt, director of the exhibit and the leading spirit
in promoting the Architects' Building to provide a
permanent home for her exhibit, acted as hostess of

j the evening. There are now 180 separate displays in
the exhibit.

J. C. Edwards of the William Simpson Construc-
tion Compam, builders of the Architects' Build-

1 ing, was toastmaster. The members of the Building
and Safety Commission of Los Angeles, who were
honor guests, were introduced by Mr. Edwards. The
speakers were: W. J. Dodd, architect; Miss M. G.
Schmidt; Dean Weatherhead, head of the School of
Architecture of the University of Southern California;
A. M. Edelman, member of State Board of Archi-
tecture; Pierpont Davis, president of the Southern
California Chapter, A. I. A.; Thomas Sawyer, Pacific
Coast manager of Celotex Company ; Eugene Parker
of the Batchelder Tile Company; Myron Hunt, archi-
tect; B. W. Cadwallader, Cadwallader-Gibson Com-
pany; Seward Simons, manager of Clay Products In-
stitute, and Clyde H. Potter of the Southern Counties
Gas Company.

The following architects were present : Arthur L.
Acker, George Adams, D. C. Allison, J. E. Allison,
George Hales, A. F. Rosenheim, J. W. F. Binderheim,
J. J. Backus, A. Godfrey Bailey, William Barber, H.
Barker, Ernest C. Batty, Henry E. Bean, Charles M.
Hutchinson, Herbert L. Booth, E. J. Borgmeyer, Saul
Brown, Leland A. Bryant, E. J. Baume, Carl Boiler,
Harry W. Charlton, O. L. Clark, William M. Clark,

. Roland E. Coate, Edgar H. Cline, Stiles Clements,
Royal Dana, Pierpont Davis, Gordon B. Kaufmann,
H. Roy Kelley, Arthur Kelly, E. C. Kent, Richard D.
King, T. C. Kistner, John P. Krempel, Clinton B.
Koyler, William E. Kleinpell, Arthur G. Lind-
ley, H. A. Linthwaite, William J. Dodd, S. H.
Dunford, William F. Durr, Robert DeWitt, L. A.
Parker, Harry L. Pierce, Charles F. Plummer, T.
Franklin Power, Lloyd Rally, Alfred W. Rea, George
A. Roalfe, F. L. Roehrig, A. B. Rosenthal, Eugene
Weston, W. H. Wheeler, H. H. Whiteley, Carleton
M. Winslow, Henry F. Withey, David J. Witmer,
Loyall F. Watson, William Lee Woollett, John Wool-

lett, A. C. Zimmerman, Frank L. Stiff, J. W. Smart,
C. F. Skilling, Arlos R. Sedgley, William R. Erskine,
W. J. Saunders, Palmer Sabin, W. W. Eager, A. M.
Edelman, Rudolph Falkenrath, L. L. Fentress, C. E.
Finkenbinder, Harry Friedman, Arthur R. Hutcha-
son, Frederick Hust, Myron Hunt, A. W. Hawes,
W. A. Hudson, A. E. Harvey, Harry C. Hartley, W.
P. Major, Al F. Mantz, Norman F. Marsh, Mott M.
Marston, A. C. Martin, E. G. Martin, L. D. Miller,
Armand Monaco, Karl W. Muck, Arthur C. Munson,
A. S. Nibecker, Jr., Raphael Nicolais, Kemper Nom-
land, C. E. Noerenberg, S. Tilden Norton, Sidney W.
Orme, George Gable, E. R. Jeffery, F. R. Schaefer,
John C. Austin, F. M. Ashley.

CRAFTSMANSHIP EXHIBITION

The Northern California Chapter of the American
Institute of Architects, assisted by the San Francisco
Chamber of Commerce, is organizing an exhibition of
fine craftsmanship in all materials and articles con-
nected with building in San Francisco. Certificates of
Award will be issued to those firms or individuals
whose work is considered meritorious by a jury of ar-
chitects.

The exact dates during which the exhibition will be
held have not been fixed, but it will occur some time
during August or September. All firms desiring to
enter the exhibition, however, should address the Com-
mittee of Awards, Northern California Chapter,
American Institute of Architects, in care of the San
FVancisco Chamber of Commerce.

In 1927 the local chapter of the American Institute
of Architects successfully held an exhibition of the
work of Northern California architects in the De
Young Museum in Golden Gate Park. This exhibi-
tion will be held every alternate year, and it is pro-
posed to hold the honor awards for craftsmanship on
the intervening years, of which the present exhibition
will be the first.

CHAPTER AND CLUB MEETING

Southern California Chapter, American Institute of
Architects, and the Los Angeles Architectural Club,
were guests of the School of Architecture of the Uni-
versity of Southern California at a joint meeting on
the evening of June 5- The meeting, which was held
in the patio of the School of Architecture on the
university campus, was the regular monthly meeting
of both organizations.

Ill

112

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

July, 1928

Pierpont Davis, president of the Southern California
Chapter, congratulated the school on being elected to
membership in the Association of Intercollegiate
Schools of Architecture, which places the school of
architecture of that institution on a par with the lead-
ing universities of the United States. The Association
of Intercollegiate Schools of Architecture meets in con-
nection with the annual convention of the American
Institute of Architects each year, and it was at this
convention that the University of Southern California
was elected to membership.

C. M. Baldwin, professor in the school of archi-
tecture, and a group of students presented a number
of one-act plays as the entertainment of the evening.
The students furnished and served the dinner.

TACOMA ARCHITECTS' OUTING

The annual Architects' outing at Tacoma took
place Saturday, July 7. The Tacoma members met
those from Seattle and elsewhere at the Washington
Masonic Home at Zenith, one-half mile south of Des
Moines, arriving at about 2 p. m. For the trip from
Seattle John Graham very generously provided his
yacht, the Blue Peter, and members and their wives
enjoyed the water trip immensely. Lunch was served
on the yacht.

After looking over the Masonic Home at Zenith
the party proceeded to Tacoma for dinner at Point
Defiance Park.

EIGHT STUDENTS GRADUATED

The Department of Architecture of the University
of Washington has just completed its fourteenth year,
which has been a most successful one. The total en-
rollment for the past year was 130 students, divided
among the four classes, and there have just been gradu-
ated eight students with the degree of Bachelor of
Architecture. For the past three years the Depart-
ment has been a member of the Association of Col-
legiate Schools of Architecture.

The faculty of the Department consists of Harlan
Thomas, Professor in charge ; Arthur P. Herrman and
Lance E. Gowen, Assistant Professors ; John T. Jac-
obsen, Lionel Priese and Richard Pierce, Instructors.
Instruction in structural engineering is given by Pro-
fessor Charles C. May, of the College of Engineering;
in modelling, by Dudley Pratt; freehand drawing,
Morgan Padelford ; specifications and office practice,
Charles H. Alden, and plumbing and sanitation, by
Merlin J. Hauan.

Pacific Coast Standard Time
From the Light Socket

By J- F. Thomas
F. A. Thomas Company, Inc.

j\ I N a. c. clock has been developed that derives its
linX motive power and regulation directly from the
110-volt alternating current lines. Its development
follows the invention of a simple little 110-volt
synchronous motor which has made possible the utiliza-
tion of the lighting current for time keeping, as dis-
tributed by public service companies. The speed of this
motor, and consequently of the clock in which it is
installed, depends upon the number of alternations or
impulses of the current per second. These alternations

or impulses are regulated by a master clock in the
central power station of the public service company.
Therefore all clocks containing this motor in the ter-
ritory covered by that power company must keep
exactly the same time, because each impulse which
starts from the power station reaches every part of the
entire area of distribution. This type of clock keeps
accurate time because the master clocks by which they
are regulated are corrected daily by wireless signals
from the United States Naval Radio Station at Arl-
ington, Virginia, the source of government official
time. There is no service charge as the power com-
panies furnish the time as part of their service.

These clocks require no winding, oiling or regulat-
ing, nor do they require a local master clock, batteries
or charging equipment. Any 110-volt A. C. outlet
is a control outlet. This makes them very easy to install
and especially suitable for use in public buildings,
schools, hospitals, banks, factories, etc. A complete line
of hundreds of different models has been developed
for both business and home use.

For school and factory use, a program clock d riven
by this same type of motor has been developed to auto-
matically operate the bell, buzzer or siren circuits.
For large systems where a number of clocks are in
[Turn to Page 114]

July, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

113

OFFICE IN SAN FRANCISCO, ALL ALUMINUM FURNITURE

ALUMINUM OFFICE FURNITURE

A most recent development in all-metal office equip-
ment is aluminum furniture. Aluminum chairs, waste
baskets and costumers are made of special high tension
alloys having the strength and durability of steel, but
retaining the light weight, characteristic of aluminum.
Aluminum chairs, upholstered in the finest leathers,
offer the utmost in comfort, beauty and utility and are
the first metal chairs of representative design to be
considered practical. These chairs, waste baskets and
costumers are made of natural wood finishes as well as
plain colors, such as olive green, dark maroon or white
enamel.

The trend toward metal furniture in the office
equipment field, in hospitals, clubs and hotels, has
created a demand for aluminum furniture such as
chairs, waste baskets and costumers in obtaining a
practical installation.

Aluminum furniture is manufactured by the

Aluminum Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pa., with
offices in the Rialto Building, San Francisco. This
furniture may be obtained through leading dealers on
the Pacific Coast.

The illustration shown on this page is the first all-
metal office installation on the Pacific Coast and pic-
tures the office of Oliver B. Lyman in the New Call
Building, San Francisco.

Other interesting installations of this aluminum fur-
niture may be seen in sales offices of the Aluminum
Company of America, or in the display rooms of the
leading office equipment dealers.

TO STOP SPRAY PAINTING

Evidently spray painting has not proved satisfactory
since Senator Copeland of New York City has intro-
duced a bill in the Senate to prohibit the use of spray
painting machines in the United States and District of
Columbia. The bill has been referred to the Senate
Committee on Education and Labor.

114

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

July, 1928

PACIFIC COAST STANDARD
TIME

[Concluded from Page 112]

use, an automatic resetting device is furnished, which
functions in case of power outage, and automatically
resets all clocks on that system to the correct time
without any manual attention.

The motor used in these clocks is a 2-watt single
phase synchronous type, which is probably the smallest
motor ever made for practical power application. Its
current consumption is about seven cents per month.
The design is such that all moving parts are encased
in an air-tight housing, and running in lubrication.
They will undoubtedly run for a great number of years
without any attention.

On the Pacific Coast this type of clock can be used
on any A. C. line from Los Angeles to the Canadian
border, all the different power companies now being
under frequency regulations.

Some of the advantages of the Telechron system
are: (1) No local master clock is required; (2)
Time is always correct; (3) No storage batteries v,r
charging equipment with attendant upkeep are re-
quired; (4) Resetting equipment functions only after
an interruption, consequently requires a minimum of
care and attention; (5) System can be entirely auto-
matic in its operation; (6) Service expenses reduced
to a minimum; (7) Installation is exceedingly simple.

SPECIFICATION BOOK

Several prominent architects contributed their ad-
vice in the preparation of a new "Specification Book"
which the Bonded Floors Company has published for
the benefit of those using the company's various
products.

Among the features worthy of special mention in
this booklet are complete individual specifications,
"skeleton" patterns, blue-print details and the indexing,
the latter making it possible to easily locate any de-
sired information in the book. The pocket in the back
cover will be found useful for filing miscellaneous data
on floors, such as clippings, small literature, etc. The
set of "cross-index cards," which supplements the filing
folder in which the book itself is filed, is another con-
venient feature.

VITEX PRODUCTS

The Plant Rubber & Asbestos Works, 537 Brannan
Street, San Francisco, has recently installed Vitex gas
vent and flue pipe equipment for the Pacific Gas &
Electric Company and the installation is reported to

have proved most satisfactory. Vitex products are said
to assure perfect gas vent, flue pipe and warm air duct.
Increased efficiency and economy are guaranteed where
these products are used.

GAIN OF ROOFING PRODUCTS

Asphalt shingles and roofing products are steadily
gaining in popularity throughout the Pacific Coast
territory, according to N. L. Brinker, director of sales
of the Los Angeles Paper Manufacturing Company.
Mr. Brinker has returned from a tour of the North
Coast districts, where he said he found business pro-
gressing briskly despite the rainy weather.

"Buildings and residences with asphalt roofing and
shingles in distinctive colors are rapidly increasing in
number," said Brinker.

"They lend a prosperous, well-kept appearance to
the various communities in which they are located.
And the best part of it is, they don't have to be re-
newed and touched up with a fresh coat of paint every
vear or two."

BUILD UNIQUE BRIDGE

An interesting development in the field of welding
is an arc welded ribless steel railroad bridge, the first
of its kind to be built. It is being erected on the line
of the Boston & Maine Railroad at Chicopee Falls.
Mass., and will be practically a one-piece structure
since every joint will be welded solid. LJsual weak-
nesses, due to movable joints and rivet holes, are
thereby eliminated. It is stated that as a result of
designing the bridge with welded connections through-
out, only 80 tons of steel are needed, whereas 120
tons would have been required if the job were riveted.

STEEL JOISTS

The Genfire Steel Company, Youngstown, Ohio,
has just published a new pamphlet called "Steel
Joists," which gives complete information, including
loading tables, about two new types of this modern
form of construction — the plate girder and T-bar
joists. These books are intended for the use of archi-
tects, contractors and engineers and will be sent to
them without cost, when asked for on their letter-
heads.

COLORED CLOCKS

The vogue for color in furniture has at last reached
clocks. Wall and shelf clocks in forms of today and of
yesterday are now enlivened with bright reds and blues
and yellows. Tall clocks have succumbed to a gayety
of hue suggested by the brilliant lacquer work of
Colonial davs.

This Department is edited primarily, not as a review and criticism of other magazines, but to inform readers of The
Architect and Engineer of the contents of those which they may not regularly see. The tables of contents as given are
therefore not necessarily complete. Matter deemed negligible has been omitted. Items preceded by an asterisk (*) are to
some degree conspicuous for interest or merit. Matter preceded by the sign (t) has appeared in The Architect and Engi-
neer The editors' comments are in small type, indented.

ARCHITECTURE

June, 1928

TEXT

i *American Architecture Today. By Lewis Mumford (il-

ustrated).

This is the second of a short series analyzing and criti-
cizing our modern architecture in several important
phases

PL A TES
Modernistic Show Room and Offices (8 illustrations with
neasured drawings).
Architectural News and Photographs (12 illustrations).
New York Public Library (from three-tone rendering by
r. T. De Postels).

The Sub-Treasury of New York (from a pencil drawing
>y T. T. De Postels).

^Philadelphia Electric Company Building. John T. Win-
irim. Architect (7 plates).

• University of South Carolina Law Building, Columbus,
5. C. Edwards <S Sayward, Architects (2 plates).

An Architect's Camera Notes in Canada (13 small illus-
rations).

*Some Churches of Southern California. Carleton Monroe
Tinslow, Architect ; Frederick Kennedy, Jr., Associate.

House of Fred Dolan, Scarsdale, N. Y. Eugene J. Lang,
irchitect (4 plates and plans).

ARCHITECTURAL FORUM

June, 1928

TEXT

The Problem of Building a Bank. By Phillip Sawyer,
Architect.

The Fundamentals of Bank Planning. By Alfred Hopkins,
hchitect.

Recent Banks by Davis, Dunlap & Barney, Architects. By
Parker Morse Hooper.

The Architecture of Banks, by Frederic C. Hirons.

Three Banks by Walker & Gillette.

Banking Screens. By Charles A. Holmes, Architect.

Materials and Cost of Bank Interiors. By Walter Charles
loss.

The Lighting of Banks. By Walter Sturrock and C. E.
f'eitz.

Noise Problems in Banks. By Clifford M. Swan.

Bank Vault Construction and Equipment. By Frederick S.
lolmes.

Security Vaults of Reinforced Concrete. By H. R. Hows-
veil.

Electrical Protection for Banks. By Dugald A. Shaw.

The Heating and Ventilating of Banks. By Perry West.

What the Banker Thinks of His Architect. By C. Stanley
raylor.

Specifications for Bank Buildings. By Lewis W. Foster.

Structural Frames of Banks. By A. G. Malcolm.

Supervision of Bank Building Construction. By Gardner
u. Coughlen.

PL A TES

All of the illustrations in this number are of bank build-
ngs and equipment and include the proposed Central Union
['rust Building, New York, Russell Pope, Architect; Federal
leserye Bank, New York, York & Sawyer, Architects;
Greenwich Savings Bank, New York, York & Sawyer, Ar-

chitects; Royal Bank of Canada, Montreal, York IS Sawyer,
Architects ; First Bank and Trust Company, Ithaca, York &
Sawyer, Architects; Bowery Savings Bank, New York, York
<S Sawyer, Architects; Branches of Security Trust and Sav-
ings Bank, Compton, California, A. C. Zimmerman and
Rudolph Meier, Architects; Bank of America, New York,
Trowbridge & Livingston, Architects; Mechanics' Savings
Bank, Hartford, Conn., Benjamin W. Morris, Architect;
Branch of Federal Reserve Bank, Atlanta, Warren Knight
fif Davis, Architects ; Bank of Nova Scotia, Ottawa, John
M. Lyle, Architect; Putnam Trust Company, Greenwich,
Conn., Morgan French & Company, Architects; California
Security Loan Building, Pasadena, Wallace Neff, Architect;
Federal Land Bank, Louisville, D. X. Murphy & Brother,
Architects; Danbury National Bank, Danbury, Conn., Phil-
lip Sunderland and Edmund Watson, Architects; American
State Bank, Saginaw, Michigan, Robert B. Frantz and James
A. Spence, Architects; South Brooklyn Savings Bank,
Brooklyn, McKenzie, Voorhees and Gmelin, Architects ;
Branch of Bank of California, Portland, A. E. Doyle &
Associates, Architects ; Federal Reserve Bank, Boston, R.
Clipston Sturgis, Architect; Federal Reserve Bank, Cleve-
land, Walker & Weeks, Architects; Liberty Title and Trust
Company Building, Philadelphia, Dennison tS Hirons, Archi-
tects; Federal Trust Building, Newark, Dennison & Hirons,
Architects; Pacific National Bank Building, Los Angeles,
Morgan, Walls & Clements, Architects; San Diego Trust
and Savings Bank Building, William Templeton Johnson,
Architect; Canal Bank & Trust Company, New Orleans,
Emil Weil, Inc., Architect; Guardian Trust Company, De-
troit, Smith, Hinchman iS Grylss, Architects.

THE AMERICAN ARCHITECT
June 5, 1928
TEXT
Early Architecture of St. Louis — 1764-1900. By Louis La
Beaume, F. A. I. A. (33 illustrations).

Sixty-first Annual Convention American Institute of Ar-
chitects, St. Louis.

The Civic Improvement of St. Louis.

Practically the entire issue is given over to describing
and illustrating some of the more interesting architecture in
St. Louis, together with notes on the recent A. I. A. Conven-
tion and the address of President Medary.

THE AMERICAN ARCHITECT
June 20, 1928
TEXT
The Problem in Designing Modern Shop Fronts. By
Walter F. March (IS illustrations).

"Maralago," Estate of Edward F. Hutton, Palm Beach.
By Ir-vin L. Scott (23 illustrations with plans).

Bruges. By Samuel Chamberlain (7 pencil sketches).
La Casa Bonita Apartment House, Canton, Ohio.
Foundations of the Cleveland Union Terminal Tower
Building.

PLA TES
Insurance Building, New York, Buchman iS Kahn, Archi-
tects.

Life Insurance Tower, Seattle. Lawton k Moldenhour,
Architects.

115

116

QS2
ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

July, 1928

House of Dr. Hollis Dann. Jul. us Gregory, Architect.
Kent Automatic Parking Garage, New York. Jar dine,
Hill & Murdoch, Architects.

THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD

June, 1928

TEXT

The new Building of the Beaux Arts Institute of Design.
Dennison if Hirons, architects. By Phillip L. Goodwin
(with plaster model studies in color, a perspective drawing
and plans ) .

Ornament from the Platonic Solids. By Claude Bragdon.
Willard Straight Hall, Cornell University. Delano &
Aldrich, architects. By Herbert Croly (7 photographs and
plans) .

The design is expressive of organization and policy,
the fraternal and humane object which its founder
had in mind.
*In the Cause of Architecture. By Frank Lloyd Wright
(4 photographs).

Carl Milles, Sculptor and Architect. By Kineton Parkes
(7 photographs of Mr. Milles' work).
PLA TES
'Residence of Charles K. King, Mansfield, Ohio. Clarence
Mack, Architect (5 plates and plans).

"Residence of Mrs. Richard Fudger, Los Angeles. Roland
E. Coate, Architect (5 plates and plans).

Residence of Mrs. C. A. Woodcock, Glens Falls, New
York. Tooker and Marsh, Architects (3 plates and plans).
A small house in Atlanta, Ga. Lawrence Funk, Architect
(2 plates).

Residence of Mr. and Mrs. A. Harris, White Plains, New
York. Herbert Lippmann, Architect (1 plate and plan).

Measured Drawings of Early American Architecture —
Virginian Details.

*Proposed Design for a House to Be Built on a Hillside —
Pastel rendering by Francis Keally.

Pen and Ink Drawing. By C. Evans Mitchell.
Soft Ground Etching. By Ernest Thorne Thompson.
Pencil Sketch. By Le Roy E. Kiefer.

THE ARCHITECT
June, 1928
TEXT
Interesting Interiors.
A Reaffirmation of the Classic.
The Fatherly Architect — III.

The Liability of an Architect for Preparing Defective
Plans and Specifications. By Leo T. Parker.

Some interesting points of law, of value to the
practicing architects are given.
Peter Harrison, Early American Classicist. By Rexford
Ne<un omb, A . I. A .

PLATES
Avon, Old Farms, Avon, Connecticut (a Preparatory
School for Boys). Theodate Pope, Architect (18 illustra-
tions ).

*Phillip G. Cochran Memorial M. E. Church, Dawson,
Pennsylvania. Thomas Pringle, Architect (3 plates).

*Residence of T. Fenton Knight, La Canada, California.
Henry Carlton Newton and Robert Dennis Murray, Archi-
tects (2 plates).

Residence of William Lawrence Bottomley, Brookville,
Long Island, ff'illiam Lawrence Bottomley, Architect (6
plates).

Residence of Woodbury S. Tooker, New Rochelle, New
York. Laurence M. Loeb, A reinfect (2 plates).

PENCIL POINTS
June, 1928
TEXT
*The Travel Sketches of Francis Keally. By Rayne
Adams (with interesting portfolio of pencil sketches).
Drafting for Landscape Work. By Eugene Clute.
Facts and Figures of Automobile Travel in Europe. By
George S. Dudley.

The Mitre Plane in Shadow Casting. By Lawrence Hill.
The Countrv Architects' Practice in England. By J. E.
Reid.

PLATES
*Proposed Design for a House to Be Built on Level
Ground — Pastel rendering by Francis Keally.

WESTERN ARCHITECT
Mav, 1928
TEXT
Modern Danish Architecture. By L. Marnus,
Modern Parisian Shop Front. By Keith G. Reeve.
Color in Architecture. By Rexford Newcomb.
The Passing Show (Public Building Architecture, Mime
phases of setbacks). By Arthur T. North, A. I. A.
PLATES AND ILLUSTRATIONS
Mansion, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Unitarian Church, Copenhagen, Denmark. Carl Brum-
mer, Architect.

Danish Steamship Building, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Emanuel Monberg, Architect (4 plates).

Herring's Pavillion, Tivoli, Copenhagen, Denmark (2
plates).

Color plates by F. W. Fitzpatrick.

CHAPTER COMMITTEES FOR 1928

The following committees have been named by the
Washington State Chapter of the American Institute t
of Architects for the year 1928:

Civic Design — David Meyers, chairman ; Sidney S. '
Bergseth, R. O. Clippenger, B. Marcus Priteca, L.
E. Gowen.

Competition — Sherwood Ford, chairman ex-officio;
Frank L. Baker, Herbert A. Bell, J. Lister Holmes,
Donald Thomas.

Education — Harlan Thomas, chairman ; Carl F.
Gould, George Gove, Arthur P. Herman.

Institute Affairs — Carl F. Gould, chairman ; Charles
H. Alden, E. T. Mock, Andrew Willatsen.

Legislation — Louis Baeder, chairman; W. G. Brust,
Earl N. Dugan, Paul D. Richardson.

Ordinances — Fred Stephen, chairman ; John A.
Creutzer, Frank Fowler, Frederick Lockman. F. A.
Narramore, Carl Siebrand, G. W. Stoddard.

Professional Practice- — James H. Schack, chairman ;i
A. H. Albertson, John Graham, Arthur L. Loveless. •

Public Information and Bulletin — Joshua H. Vo-
gel, chairman; Charles H. Alden, Roland E. Borhek.
Paul D. Richardson, James H. Schack.

Ways and Means — John Graham, chairman; A. H. \
Albertson, B. Marcus Priteca, James H. Schack.

Advertising — Arthur L. Loveless, chairman ; J. Lis-
ter Holmes, Edwin J. Ivey.

City Planning — Harlan Thomas, A. H. Albertson.
Charles H. Alden.

Membership — Clyde Grainger, chairman ; Roiand
E. Borhek. Robert F. McClelland. H. A. Molden- !
hour.

Program — Arch Torbitt, chairman; William J.
Bain, Roland E. Borhek, Daniel Huntington, J. P-
Jones.

Q£S

ARCHITECT

\ND ENGINEER.

AUGUST 1928

New home of John Bodger & Sons Company at El Monte, the largest and most modern 6eed plant in the

world. It was constructed with Monolith Plastic Waterproof Portland Cement,

Eenry J. Rinnert, Construction Engineer

Stucco Walls That Are
Waterproof Clear Through

/prvJT is not enough to put a thin coating of waterproof material on
^^the OUTSIDE of a wall. If such a wall is porous on the INSIDE

it will suck up moisture from the ground, just as a lamp wick

sucks up oiL

This can never happen when the stucco plaster is made with
Monolith Plastic Waterproof Portland Cement. Monolith walls
are waterproof CLEAR THROUGH. That is because the water'
proof properties are built into each minute particle during the
process of manufacture.

Monolith walls not only keep out water but are highly re
sistant to oils, acids, alkalis and other corrosive liquids. Monolith
Plastic Waterproof Portland Cement is therefore indicated for
all purposes where unusual strength and freedom from absorption
are required

MONOLITH PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY

13th Floor, A. G. Bartlett Bldg., 741 Monadnock Bldg., 1207 Public Service Bldg.,

LOS ANGELES SAN FRANCISCO PORTLAND

Plant at Monolith* California

August, 1928

The ARCHITECT and ENGINEER

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*CELLizing has the highest moisture-
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As a matter of fact, *CELLizing improves
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Colonial plank floors may now be figured
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1360 Jones, an exclus-
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Apartment

Wm. Edward Schirmer,
Architect;

Harry S. Scott, o-wntr;

Chas. W. Heyer, Jr.,
Contractor.

Installation: 200 Color
Shantung Luxor Window-
Shades.

30 The ARCHITECT and ENGINEER August. 1928

A Beautiful Building Gains Charm From Correct Shading

LUXOR Shades
Specified for this
New Bay City
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ISING majestically, high on one of

i the hills overlooking the bay, stands

1360 Jones — another of San Fran'

Cisco's beautiful apartments equipt with

LUXOR window shading. ^[Specified

by Architect Schirmer, LUXOR was

the result of the owner's request for

the finest shade material possible to

obtain. It was likewise the finish'

ing dress to an interior and extep

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and builders are keenly inter'

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A 7\[ew Uol\er Advisory Service

Proper color harmony and details of correct installa-
tion are important to every builder. To obviate unwise
selection and often incorrect hanging, window shades
should have the architect's supervision, both as to selection
and method of installation. An Advisory Service to
Architects has been established at the offices of William
Volker fe? Company. We invite you to call upon us for
whatever information you may require. Send today for
our color book of modern window shadings for your files.

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Simply Pin this Memo to your Letterhead and Mail to Either Office
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ARCH ITLXT

AND ENGINEER,

Since 1905

VOLUME 94

AUGUST, 1928

NUMBER 2

CONTENTS

COVER PICTURE— Westminster Presbyterian Church, Sacra-
mento. Dean & Dean, Architects. Wood Block by
Howard Simon

FRONTISPIECE— Mission Santa Barbara

From an Etching by Henry Chapman Ford

United Artists Theater, Los Angeles 35

E. A. Evans

The Millman and Architect 39

Emory Stanford Hall, A. I. A.

Westminster Presbyterian Church, Sacramento 41

Ellsworth Johnson

The Green's Eye Hospital, San Francisco 45

Frederick H. Meyer, Architect

Acoustics of Motion Picture Theaters 50

F. R. Watson, University of Illinois

An Outdoor Theater for the Thacher School, Ojai

Valley, California 53

Emerson Knight, Landscape Architect

Proposed State Park at Coyote Point 59

Guy W. Hayler Consultant City Planning,
Burlingame

The Architect and Preliminary Estimates 61

Walter J . Dixon

Two Bank Buildings 65

Hcnrv F. Withrv, Architect

Editorial 100

With the Architects 105

Society and Club Meetings 109

PLATES AND ILLUSTRATIONS

United Artists Theater Building, Los Angeles

Walker and Eisen and C. Howard Crane, Architects

35, 36, 37, 67, 69, 71

House of Robert Fasken, Ross, Calif 40

John K. Branner, Architect

Westminster Presbyterian Church, Sacramento

41, 42 73, 75, 77, 79

Dean & Dean, Architects

Green's Eye Hospital, San Francisco 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49

Frederick H. Meyer, Architect

Outdoor Theater for the Thacher School 53, 54, 56, 57, 58

Marine Bank Building, Santa Monica 81, 83, 85

Henry F. Withey, Architect

First National Bank, Artesia, California 87, 89

Henry F. Withey, Architect

Chapel, City and County Hospital, San Francisco 91, 93

C. H. Sawyer, Architect

House for Lloyd Frank, Portland, Oregon 95

Herman Brookman, Architect

House for Dr. Thos. M. Joyce, Portland, Oregon 97

Herman Brockman, Architect

Published on the 18th of the month by

The Architect and Engineer, inc.

1662-3-4 Russ Building., San Francisco, California
W. J. L. KIERULFF, President

FRED'K. W. JONES, V. Pres. and Editor

Contributing Editors — W. C. HAYS, B. J. S.
CAHILL, JOHN BAKEWELL Jr., San
Francisco; CARLETON MONROE WINS-
LOW and C. H. CHENEY, Los Angeles;
C. H. ALDEN, Seattle, Wash.

Professor JOHN W. GREGG, Landscape Architecture

EMERSON KNIGHT, Associate

Eastern Representative:
F. W. HENKEL, 306 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111.

L. B. PENHORWOOD, Secretary

C. O. CLAUSEN, Foreign Travels

F. W. FITZPATRICK, Eastern
Correspondent

T. RONNEBERG, Engineering Problems

EDGAR N. KIERULFF, Special
Articles and Book Reviews

Southern California Representative:
R. D. BUNN, 410 Architects' Building, Los Angeles

►

The ARCHITECT and ENGINEER

August, 1928

Malabry (.'our/ Bail ding, 671 North Michigan Ave., Chicago, Philip B. Maker, Architect

Making Old Buildings New
With Indiana Limestone

' I ' HE Malabry Building shown above is an example of
-*- the extremely practical use to which Indiana Lime-
stone may be put in remodeling work . . . with excellent
results. 'I his structure was originally three old brick resi-
dences, which were remodeled into one building and the
front faced with Indiana Limestone. Thus at moderate
cost the owner now has a building of modern type.

I he up-to-the-minute production methods of Indiana
Limestone Company have made Indiana Limestone both
moderate in price and entirely practical for remodeling
projects, and for medium-price construction of all sorts.

There are increasing opportunities for the architect to
use this fine, light-colored natural stone in such buildings

as stores, apartments, residences, for fire houses and other
civic structures. The business world now appreciates as
never before the decided commercial advantages of hav-
ing buildings faced with Indiana Limestone. Stone fac-
ing not only attracts tenants, but is genuinely economical
because of the absence of upkeep cost. Banks and mort-
gage houses regard the permanence of Indiana Limestone
with favor. Thus financing is often made easier.

We will gladly supply you with examples of other
medium-cost projects in which Indiana Limestone was
employed. If you have some particular kind of job in
mind, please indicate its nature. Address such corres-
pondence to Dept. 770, Service Bureau, Indiana Lime-
stone Company, Bedford, Indian".

INDIANA LIMESTONE COMPANY

Qcneral Offices: Bedford, Indiana

Executive Offices: Tribune Tower, Chicago

ETCHINGS OF THE FRANCISCAN

MISSIONS OF CALIFORNIA

By Henry Chapman Pord

PUBLISHED I

No. 8 — South Facade, Mission of Santa Barbara

(FRONT VIEW APPEARED IN JULY NUMBER)

This is unquestionably one of the most interesting and

popular Missions in California. It was established
under the presidency of Padre Lasuen, who, in 1785,
assumed the labors of Serra. The Mission was formally
dedicated December 4th of that year, although the first
mass was not celebrated until the sixteenth, at which
time Governor Pages was present. Santa Barbara
Mission is situated on a picturesque site at the foot of
the Santa Inez Mountains and within the city limits
of Santa Barbara. The original church, built of adobe
with a tile roof, ivas destroyed in the earthquake of
1812. The present cement stone edifice was completed
in 1820. The main front is ornamented with six half
columns that support a triangular pediment relieved by
a few statues of saints. Considering that it was the
work of uneducated Indians, directed by a priest, the
structure co?nmands more than ordinary interest.
There were neither architects nor good workmen at
that time so that a serious criticism of the edifice would
be ill-advised. The earthquake of 1925 did some
damage to the towers of the Mission Church but the
massive walls and fachada were undisturbed.

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ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

fOL. 94

AUGUST, 1928

No. 2

VNITED ARTISTS THEATER

LOS ANGELES

URPRISINGLY few people quire and even demand that their enter-
have any conception of the tre- tainment be presented amid surroundings
mendous strides that have been having decorative features and embellish-

made during the
>ast decade in the matter
f catering to the public's
aste in entertainment. The
atter has, by force of neces-
ity, long since been com-
nercialized and advanced
b a state of well-organized
nd efficient industry — a
cience — if you please.

Each year witnesses the
ntry of some new form of
musement or manner of
iresentation of same, con-
eived and executed for the
3le purpose of furnishing

variety of pleasure for the
American public. These
'eople, all extremely well
ersed in the many sources
f varied amusements, can
o longer have their ap-
atites appeased by mere
ntertainment alone. In ad-
ition to being furnished
nth amusement, they re-

UNITED ARTISTS THEATER

ments of the highest order,
and that appeal to their dis-
criminating eye, their sense
of value and their aesthetic
taste as well .

Recognizing the increas-
ing demand for quality on
the part of the American
public, and appreciating
the fact that a fitting atmos-
phere must be provided in
order to satisfy their needs,
the United Artists Corpo-
ration conceived the form-
ing of a national chain of
theaters with magnificent
edifices in principal cities
of the United States.

The immensity to which
this science of entertain-
ment, if we may call it such,
has grown, may be some-
what visualized when we
consider that the initial
capital outlay for establish-
ing this contemplated chain

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

August, 1928

of theaters involved the sum of some thirty fact that a roof sign of tremendous pro-
millions of dollars in property, buildings portions was demanded, surmounting the
and equipment. entire mass. While at first this problem
Forming one of the first links in this seemed to be a thorn in the side of a pleas-
chain came the United Artists Theater of ing solution, in the final analysis these ob-
Los Angeles, and Messrs. Walker & Eisen stacks became a help indeed in arriving at
of Los Angeles, in association with the a highly satisfactory treatment,
office of C. Howard Crane, of Detroit, The general composition of the Broad-
were engaged as the architects. This theater, way facade consists of 11 bays formed by
executed in the Spanish Gothic style generously proportioned masonry piers ex-
throughout, towers above the skyline of Los tending from the grade to the highest point
Angeles with the exception of one building of the facade and terminating in finials of

only — the new City Hall,
and viewed from distant
environs of the city, it
may be easily distin-
guished from its com-
panion buildings.

The theater is situated
on an inside lot having
a frontage of 150 feet on
South Broadway with a
depth of 150 feet to an
alley. The rear 110 feet
of this site is occupied
by the theater portion
proper with a spacious
lobby extending from the
auditorium to the Broad-
way street frontage.

As is usual in develop-
ments of this character,
the Broadway street

FOYER, UNITED ARTISTS THEATER
LOS ANGELES

interesting design. Mod-
eled heads representing
the various luminaries of
the motion picture world
serve as motifs in the
formation of these finials
and spring, as it were,
from forms symbolizing
the Muses in niches of
intricate detail at the
base of each pier. The
masonry piers, forming
the three bays at the cen-
ter of this facade, were
carried to a height neces-
sary to accommodate the
mechanical equipment,
and are repeated on the
sides and rear above the
roof, thus producing a
tower effect above which

frontage to a depth of forty feet, with the the roof sign is extended,
exception of the theater entrance, is occu- This roof sign assumed the shape of a
pied by an office building having the first hollow square, extending to a height of 50
story portion divided into stores and a feet above the roof with the structural
building entrance lobby; the upper twelve frame concealed by a highly ornate pressed
stories forming the executive offices of metal facing of Spanish - Gothic detail.
the Texaco Corporation. The exterior, with Thus, this entire roof sign, at first consid-
its interesting and intricate embellishment ered an obstacle, becomes a necessary part
of Spanish-Gothic detail, is faced entirely of the architectural treatment, its tapering
with architectural terra cotta treated in two finials and lacey crestings serving as a per-
color tones and textured to produce an feet means of transition between the solid
effect assimilating the characteristics of the structure below and ethereal space above,
weather-worn surfaces of old Spain. This sign in general color tone matches the
A problem presented itself in the treat- adjoining terra cotta while the grille work
ment of the exterior in the disposition of between the piers and the finials and crest-
certain roof structures required for the ings are treated in decorative gilts and
mechanical equipment for the office portion colors.

of the building, and the decorative treat- The theater entrance itself dominates the

ment was still further complicated by the entire lower three stories of the building,

August, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

being in the form of a well proportioned
arc h containing delicate tracery and colon-
ettes within and being surmounted by a well
proportioned label mold and finial of inter-
esting detail, all composed upon a lace pat-
terned field executed in two colors. Span-
oral sections at the various floors through-
>ut the typical stories are faced with a

ing, ornamental plaster canopies, finished
in old gold and silver, have been provided
from which colorful drapes are suspended.
This arch treatment is repeated on the other
axis of the lobby by means of large cano
pied and draped mirrors.

The walls and ceilings of the lobby are
in textured plaster with all ornamental

CEILING DROPS, UNITED ARTISTS THEATER, LOS ANGELES
Walker and Eisen and C Howard Crane, Architects

larker tone of terra cotta, thus accentuating
he vertical dimensions and the building
leight.

The theater lobby has a highly decorative
groined and vaulted ceiling and a floor of
andom size quarry tile with decorative
nserts. On the axis of the theater entrance
- balcony landing of interesting ornamental
ron detail has been provided behind which
•ccurs the principal opening into the mez-
zanine and balcony foyers. Above this open-

wainscots and other embellishments exe-
cuted in imitation travertine.

The main auditorium is treated in Span-
ish-Gothic detail. The proscenium arch,
having a width of 48 feet and a height of
32 feet, is provided with heavy ornamental
plaster canopy behind which rich drapes
fall in graceful folds with concealed lights
to emphasize the color scheme. Organ
screens at either side of the proscenium
arch are in the form of highly ornate grilles

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

August, 1928

of heavily-ornamented plaster finished in
dull gold and silver and treated in the same
manner as the foyer openings and pros-
cenium arch.

Along the walls of the auditorium and
adjoining the main ceiling, large drops of
ornamented pierced plaster work have been
provided to accommodate lighting equip-

been applied to the ceiling dome by setting
directly in the plaster and suspended there-
from are thousands of crystal pendants.
Around the perimeter and at the base of
the dome concealed lighting equipment has
been installed to display this mirrored ceil-
ing to its best advantage.

On either side wall of the auditorium

LOBBY, UNITED ARTISTS THEATER, LOS ANGELES
Walker and Eisen and C. Howard Crane, Architects

ment and to serve as additional architec-
tural embellishment; all finished in dull
gold and silver.

The most striking part of this main audi-
torium is the ceiling itself, made in the
form of a gigantic sun - burst and sur-
rounded by intricate Spanish tracery. A
novel effect has been obtained in connection
with this dome by the employment of cir-
cular mirrors in varying sizes. These have

there are large murals symbolic of the spirit
of the motion picture guiding the destiny
of the many famous players connected with
the United Artists Pictures. These murals
were posed for by the various screen lumi-
naries whose speaking likenesses are shown.
Two balconies have been provided; one
in the form of a mezzanine loge section and
the other the main balcony having a seating
capacity of 900 people.

August, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

The
Ml LI, MAN AND ARCHITECT

liy Emory Strut ford Hall. A. I. A.

HK mil
preter.

man is the architect's inter-
If the translation carries the
;pirit as well as the letter, all is well. If

O
-'C LIBFV

according to the character and culture of
their creator. Good mouldings in the hands
of good craftsmen speak with smoothly
polished elegance. Flowing graceful curves,
the product of knowing skillful draftsman-
ship, die in the horning when consigned to
the hands of mere measuring compass oper-
ating mechanics.

PROSCENIUM ARCH, UNITED ARTISTS THEATER, LOS ANGELES
Walker and Eisen and C Howard Crane, Architects

ie translation is literal and without spirit,
le result is mediocre. If the translation is
either literal nor according to the spirit,
ie results are bad. Bad work is the mur-
erer of good design. Splendid craftsman-
lip is wasted work when expended on poor
esign. Art and craftsmanship must march
and in hand.

Mouldings are the language of architec-
ire. They express culture or coarseness

Building is an art, not merely an occupa-
tion, and those that live thereby must have
fancy, must feel form.

Beautifully proportioned panel work
may be called the poetry of architecture.
The gentle cadence, varied in rhythmical
succession of smooth surface and moulded
divisions, adds homely comfort, but blis-
tered veneer, split rails and open jointed
connections is discord of such frightful

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

August, 1928

nature as to make a room fairly howl with
distortion indescribable. On the other hand,
awkwardly proportioned panel work ren-
dered in a displeasing color scheme spoils
the best of craftsmanship.

If mouldings are the language of archi-
tecture, carvings are the peroration — the
final touch that makes talk tell. We labor
in vain when we throw our very souls into
the final emphasis of a carved cap or panel
if the craftsman does not go farther than
the charcoal and pencil. The craftsman
must catch the spirit and must climb to get

greater heights — heights towards which the
draftsman may look but which he cannot
scale. What possibilities there are in a
block of wood, a chisel and an inspired
soul!

What is there to all of this? Simply that
we are mutually dependent. The architect
cannot get along without the millman and
the millman cannot get along without the
architect. Let us take counsel together to
the end that here may be a better mutual
understanding of the spirit and purpose of
design. — Chicago Chapter Bulletin.

L. C. Rcringrr, Photo

HOUSE OF MR. ROBERT FASKEN, ROSS, CALIFORNIA
John K. Branner, Architect

AVESTMJNSTER PRESBYTERIAN
CHVRCH'SACRAMENTO

ycDy GJuworw Johnson

ROBABLY the most interesting
problems in architecture are those
in which the interior elements
naturally expressed give sufficient
contrast in size and possibility of arrange-
ment that their adjustment naturally creates
a beautiful exterior without recourse to ap-
plied "architecture." It is quite the reverse
of the almost universal idea of laymen, that
one takes the first convenient shape of any
proportion and somehow creates beauty by
applying "doorways" and window "motifs."
Public buildings supply the chief oppor-
tunities for this kind of design. All build-
ings of this sort function to a certain extent
as places of assembly.
And as this feature be-
comes more dominant
the architectural pos-
sibilities increase cor-
respondingly until it
would seem that nature
had ordained that
man's greatest works
of art should be, not
expressions of domes-
ticity or even of his
commerce, but rather
of his essential gre-
gariousness — his places
of amusement, govern-
ment and worship.

The first two of these
have little of the emo-
tional. They are lim-
ited to the expression
of a beauty and mag-
nificence purely mate-
rial. But in churches
and temples is an op-
portunity for emotion-

PATIO, WESTMINSTER CHURCH, SACRAMENTO
Dean & Dean, Architects

al mystic beauty. So in such a problem
an architect, if his normal mysticism has
not been expressed and warped, finds his
greatest stimulus. Because it is so essen-
tially a thing of the soul, the possibilities
are as fully present in a small chapel as in
a large cathedral.

Westminster Presbyterian Church, facing
the upper end of Sacramento's business dis-
trict across Capitol Park, might be classi-
fied (if the term were really proper to Pres-
byterian churches) in the small cathedral
class. The church itself, fulfilling the eter-
nal functions of worship and preaching, is
given the prominent position. The educa-
tional and social equip-
ment, which varies so
with the theories of
each generation, are
built around the
church on the less con-
spicuous east and south
sides.

The church is of the
Protestant auditorium
type of plan. This
seemed naturally to ex-
press itself in a dome.
(The dome is only
rudimentary in the in-
terior as a higher one
was discouraged by
authorities on acous-
tics.) Because the main
approach to the church
is screened by a row of
tall trees in the park,
it was useless to raise
the dome to a point
where it would tell
from any great dis-

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

August, 1^28

: t .-—v. o

Vs "VC

. ■•

PENCIL SKETCH, WESTMINSTER PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, SACRAMENTO
Dean and Dean, Architects

CHAPEL, WESTMINSTER PRESBYTERIAN

CHURCH

Dean & Dean, Architects

AUDITORIUM, WESTMINSTER PRESBYTERIAN

CHURCH

Dean & Dean, Architects

August, 1^28

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

tance. So a tower was balanced against the
dome giving a feature that can be seen for
some distance above the trees. But its base
is so screened by the church and other
buildings that when one approaches close
enough to see the church, the tower takes
a minor place and the emphasis falls on the
church and the dome.

The limitation of funds necessitated as
simple a construction and treatment as pos-
sible. The result was reinforced concrete.
The composition called for little decoration
other than emphasis of the main entrance
and a few minor accents elsewhere. The
simplicity of the treatment is closely related
to modern secular work in California, but
the domed Greek cross plan seemed to lead
naturally to the Byzantine. So, the archi-
tects worked deliberately in that style.

The decorative work is in precast cement,
vigorously and freely modeled. General
drawings of the requirements and photo-
graphs showing examples (and occasional
sketches of particular elements) were sup-
plied to the modeler who worked it all out
directly in the clay with the aid of the
architects1 criticisms. All the exterior walls,
including the modeling, are covered with
whitewash which reflects light from various
sources and becomes alive with changing
color, emphasizing the texture of the plas-
ter.

The usual daily entrance is between the
church and chapel, through cloisters that
surround a flag paved court with plants and
an ornamental well head, a sort of with-
drawing from the busy world.

The church offices are centrally placed
but the pastor's study is apart — on the sec-
ond floor where are grouped the rooms less
apt to be in daily use.

The interiors are simply treated — light
colored textured plaster with plain wrought
iron stair and balcony rails. In the pastor's
study there has been an attempt to simplify
the chaos of filing cases, etc., by building
them in behind paneled doors combined
with the bookcases. The men's club room
is a high room with a wood ceiling and ex-

posed wood trusses. The ladies' parlor is
large but more domestic in scale with one
end paneled in redwood around a cast stone
fireplace.

The chapel is primarily for midweek
prayer meetings and small weddings, while
flanking it are several small rooms suitable
for adult classes. The design is so simple as
to be almost elemental. The whitewash of
the walls and the dome over the apse are
given color by the wood ceiling and the
brick floor. There is a table placed altar-
wise at the east end, paneled, with some
elaboration of detail. Above this hangs a
fine copy of Hoffman's "Christ in Gethse-
mane."

The design of the church is very direct,
—a large dome-vaulted central space with
short barrel vaulted arms and an apse. The
nave and transepts have balconies supported
by arcades. The parapets are decorated with
panels and the columns of the arcades have
cushion caps. In both, there is a variety of
patterns, all adapted from Byzantine pre-
cedent.

There is an elaboration of detail in the
paneled choir screen and rail in front of
the presbyter's platform with emphasis on
the pulpit and the central seats. The ar-
caded organ grilles opening on either side
of the apse are elaborately detailed.

In spite of the screen and grilles it seemed
a necessity to the architects to have a focal
point both in the architectural and religious
sense. The religious position of the Presby-
terian church gave no opportunity for a
table or altar that could fill the architec-
tural need in so large a presbytery. So with-
out an altar, a dossal was hung on the axis
of the choir apse, between the organ grilles.
It is red and gold "Fortuny Cloth" with a
calvary cross of applied red velvet with
outlines and borders of gold galoon. Its
simplicity of design and its richness of color
attract the eye, while the elaborate pattern
of the background gives a beauty to be
studied. Thus it holds and rests the eye and
continues to impress on the congregation,
whether they are consciously receptive or
not, the central truth of Christianitv.

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

August, 1928

fU GREENS EYE HOSPITAL

SAN FRANCISCO
jQy srec/eric^ft jffeyer Jlnckitect

PIPP1

UT in the western part of San
Francisco, where Bush street
climbs over the crest of the hill
at Octavia, stands a row of mag-
nificent old eucalyptus trees. For decades,
as the growing city surged up and around
and far beyond their roots, they cast their
shade upon a fine old mansion whose stately
rooms and broad verandas and quaint old
garden spoke of the opulence of a day long
past. It was the Bell homestead; the fami-
liarly known "House of Mystery."

Progress, with its insistent demands, has
spared those trees but they cast their shade
now upon a beautiful new home that speaks
just as much of hominess and comfort and
hospitality as did the old mansion in its
early day. It is the Green's Eye Hospital,
dedicated exclusively to the treatment and
care of eye patients.

But the low, spacious building in its
verdant garden setting, with its overhang-
ing mottled tile roof, its deep buff walls
pierced by a series of friendly arched win-
dows judiciously ornamented, and its rich-
ly ornate Romanesque portal that invites
one to enter, speaks little of hospitals but
rather of quiet dignity and comfort sur-
rounding a conservative hotel.

The site occupied is a corner one and
the L shaped building has been so placed
than an approach may be made from either
street, up through a lovely terraced semi-
formal garden to the entrance lobby located
in the angle formed by the juncture of the
two wings. Here, in this spacious octagonal
room, with its warm colored tile floor, its
polychrome walls, its richly ornamented
and stenciled ceiling and dignified furnish-
ings, one first glimpses that attractive, color-

UTILITY E.C5JM.
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/TEEILIZIMG em.
HIE/CT DIE// 4 WOES

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jccovd ri oo& pl /t/y

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

August, 1928

GARDEN VIEW, GREEN'S EYE HOSPITAL, SAX FRANCISCO

FREDERICK H. MEYER, ARCHITECT

August, 1928

cJAo,

ARCHITECT

AND ENCINtXR.

ENTRANCE HALL, GREEN'S EYE HOSPITAL, SAN FRANCISCO
FREDERICK H. MEYER, ARCHITECT

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

August, 1928

ful and homelike atmosphere that pervades
the whole building.

Just beyond the entrance lobby is an inner
lobby upon which opens the public office
and also corridors leading into both wings
of the building. The Octavia street wing
is devoted almost entirely to the reception

are a series of small treatment rooms, dex-
terously planned to permit of the maximum
of intercommunication. Also in this wing
are the thoroughly equipped laboratory, the
X-ray department and rooms for special
examination and treatment.

In the Bush Street wing is a complete

ENTRANCE HALL LOOKING WEST, GREEN'S EYE HOSPITAL, SAN FRANCISCO

Frederick H. Meyer, Architect

and the treatment of the day patients.

Here are found two waiting rooms, quiet
and dignified, and pleasantly overlooking
a well landscaped garden.

Occupying the entire end of the wing are
the five major consultation rooms, com-
pletely equipped with everything pertain-
ing to ophthalmology, even to electrically
controlled darkening shades on the win-
dows. Bordering the consultation rooms

optician's department with its waiting
room, fitting room, offices and shop com-
municating with the main optical workshop
on the floor below. Also in this wing are
suites for the matron and internes, emer-
gency room and amply large drug dis-
pensary.

The second floor of the building has been
devoted entirely to hospital service. There
are private rooms, each with its own bright-

August, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

ly colored tile bath, and small wards of two,
three and four beds. Here also, in the
rooms and corridors, is the cheerful, home-
like feeling dominant. One sees no "hospital
white," but in its place bright, harmonious
colors in the walls, in the tile and linoleum
floors, in the woodwork, in the drapes and

On the ground floor of the building and
entered directly from Bush Street is located
a part-pay dispensary or clinic with its
waiting room, consultation and treatment
rooms, and its own drug dispensary. The re-
mainder of the ground floor is occupied by
the main kitchen and other service rooms.

CONSULTING ROOM, GREENS EYE HOSPITAL, SAN FRANCISCO
Frederick H. Meyer, Architect

pictures, in the furnishings and even in the
utilitarian lighting fixtures that have been
designed to conform with the general
scheme. The usual diet kitchen, nurses'
station and utilities are centrally located to
serve the rooms.

In connection with the second floor is the
surgical suite with two operating rooms of
standard size and equipment and connected
with sterilizing, wash-up, and work rooms.

There are many things of technical inter-
est that have entered into the construction
of this new building, one in particular be-
ing the very complete radio installation.
Every bed throughout the building has
a radio outlet nearby and even the lob-
bies and waiting rooms are similarly
equipped. This feature is of inestimable
value in an institution devoted entirely to
eve cases.

AC OVS TICS
of MOTION PICTVRE THEATERS

v Diversity of Illinois

j|HE necessity for adjusting the
acoustics of motion picture the-
aters has not arisen so often nor
so seriously as in the case of
churches and other auditoriums. This is
because motion pictures are usually accom-
panied only by organ music, which does not
present so great an acoustical problem as
speaking. In some cases, however, in addi-
tion to the motion pictures, there are songs
and speaking numbers, educational ad-
dresses or other features, so that it becomes
increasingly important that such theaters
be adjusted to have good acoustics. There
is also to be considered the development of
the talking motion picture, which depends
markedly for its success on a room properly
designed for speaking.

The acoustics of rooms is a subject of
modern development and became an acute
problem when large auditoriums were built
with steel and hard plaster constructions.
As a result, only a few architects are in-
formed concerning the scientific progress
in the subject not only because the develop-
ment is comparatively recent (since about
1900) but also because the published ac-
counts of acoustics are not easy to under-
stand, involving as they do an exponential
equation, and because of the aversion of
architects to being obliged to consider a
new element in the already complicated
problem of buildings with an additional
expense.

Active progress in the acoustic adjust-
ment of rooms has been stimulated by com-

Dr. Watson is Professor of Experimental Physics, University of
Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.

mercial companies who have developed
various products that have acoustic merit
in greater or less degree and who present
the matter by modern sales methods to the
parties involved. It appears important at
the present time to set forth discussions of
the subject that are based on scientific in-
vestigations and yet which are simplified
as far as possible for the information of the
layman who is confronted with the neces-
sity of acoustic installation.

What is desired for ideal acoustics is that
the sound reaching an auditor in any part of
a room shall be of suitable loudness and
distinctness for comfortable hearing with
an elimination or control of echoes, rever-
beration, "dead spots," and other faults.
To a great extent, it is possible to secure
such ideal conditions; and it is the purpose
of this paper to explain some of the funda-
mental actions of sound and to show how
motion picture rooms may be adjusted so ■
as to have good acoustic properties.

Sound travels out in spherical waves
from a speaker or a musical instrument
with the great velocity of 1120 feet per sec-
ond at ordinary temperature, about as fast
as a rifle bullet. As a result, sound will
be reflected back and forth about 30 times
a second between walls of an auditorium
40 feet apart. Because of these rapid reflec-
tions, an auditorium of usual size is filled
with sound in a small fraction of a second,
thus insuring a loudness in every part of the
room.

A speech sound, such as any one of the
words uttered by a speaker that requires

Mgust, 1928

cy/P

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

about one-tenth of a second for its com-
pletion, thus travels 112 feet before the
word is finished; so that, in the open air, a
speaker would be at the center of a sphere
|)f 112 feet radius that would be filled with
he sound of the word. In an auditorium,
he sound waves would be reflected several
imes in traveling 112 feet, so that instead
)f a sphere there would be overlapping
nindles of sound traveling in every direc-
tion and completely filling the room with
'he sound of the word before the speaker
inishes saying it. In the open air, the utter-
ances of a speaker progress with practically
tto distortion, and perfect acoustics are ob-
tained. In a room, however, the reflected
ound joins with the direct sound and has
large possibilities of distortion. A study of
[he action of the reflected sound is thus the
post important consideration in obtaining
food acoustics in a room.

When sound arrives at a wall or ceiling,
t is reflected, absorbed, and transmitted in
rarying amounts depending on the nature
)f the reflecting surface. A hard plaster
vail, for instance, reflects 95 per cent or
nore of the incident sound and therefore
bsorbs but little; whereas a layer of hair-
elt one inch thick may absorb 50 per cent
yith a correspondingly smaller reflection.
The following table gives the absorbing

alues of common materials:

Table 1.
Absorbing Coefficients of Common Materials

Coefficient per sq. ft.
• pen window (absorbs all sound falling on it) 1.00
[lairfelt one-inch thick 0.55

laster walls 0.025 to 0.034

Mass 0.027

Concrete 0.015

arnished wood 0.03

arpets 0.15 to 0.25

Individual Objects Absorbing Units Each

.udience (per person) about 15 sq. feet of

clothing 4.70

^Tood seat 0.20

Inspection of this table shows why a
oom lined with plaster, glass, and wood is
everberant — the surfaces absorb but little,
nd the sound may be reflected 200 to 300
imes before it becomes inaudible. The use
f carpets, hairfelt, and similar materials
icreases the absorption and furnishes the
leans for controlling the reverberation in

room.

Absorption may also take place when a
wall vibrates under the action of sound
The pressures and rarefactions of the sound
waves exert a sort of push and pull effect
on the wall, and while each effect is small,
the total effect may be large as many as
200 to 2,000 pushes and pulls per second
for ordinary sounds, depending on the fre-
quency. The absorption in this case is due
to the transformation of the sound energy
into mechanical energy of vibration.
Wooden seats in rooms may often be felt
to vibrate when music is played.

As already explained, the sound energy
in a room will persist too long if the sur-
faces are not sufficiently absorbing. The
continued reflections under such circum-
stances prolong the sound and produce
what is called a reverberation. Speech is
then distorted and music does not have the
qualities desired by musicians. To control
these defects, it is necessary to install a cal-
culated amount of absorbing material and
to have the reflecting walls of suitable shape
and in selected positions.

An all important question arises as to the
amount of sound-absorbing material that
should be installed for good effect, and this
has been answered by obtaining the opinions
of auditors regarding auditoriums already
possessing good acoustics. The reverbera-
tion depends also on the loudness of the
sound and on the volume of the room;
larger rooms with the reflecting walls far-
ther apart will have a longer reverberation.

In the adjustment of the acoustics of mo-
tion picture theaters, two types of room
may be considered. First, there is the sim-
ple case where the room is long, narrow,
and rectangular, with a fairly low7 ceiling,
and in which the only sound to be consid-
ered is the usual organ music. Good acous-
tics usually result in such a room if the
space about the organ is free from heavy
plush curtains and other absorbing material
and if at least a fair sized audience is pres-
ent. The organ music is beneficially re-
enforced by the nearby surfaces and on
passing to the auditors is absorbed by their
clothing, so that a pleasing acoustic effect
follows. With only a few auditors present,
howrever, there is not enough sound-absorb-

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

August, 1928

ing clothing to reduce the reverberation,
and the music will not sound so well. For
such a case, absorbing material can be in-
stalled, preferably on the ceiling, with good
effect.

If the theater is used for speaking and
music, as well as for motion pictures, it
becomes more imperative to consider the
acoustic conditions. This type of room,
which is usually larger than the first room
considered, would require the adjustment
described in detail earlier in the paper. A
calculated amount of sound-absorbing ma-
terial, depending on the size of the room,
should be installed on carefully selected
surfaces to give the best reverberation,
while special stage walls and ceiling might
be arranged to increase distinctness of
speaking. It should be noted that the audi-
ence constitutes a varying sound-absorbent
that must be reckoned with. In some cases
the absorption of the audience is the great-
est item in the room. In the correction of
acoustics, the practice is to install enough
material to make a room independent to a
great extent of the audience.

What is desired in talking motion pic-
tures is as accurate a reproduction as pos-
sible of the original sound. There appear
to be two steps in accomplishing this ob-
ject: first, to make a record that accords
with the original, and, second, to produce
this record under conditions that give the
best acoustic effect. Good results in record-
ing sound have been obtained in specially
designed rooms. Heavy draperies and other
absorbing materials are installed on the
walls and ceiling, thus reducing the reflec-
tion so that the sound coming directly from

the speaker or musical instrument produces
the main effect. It is the reflected sound
that joins with the direct sound and pro-
duces distortions. By greatly reducing the
reflection, the conditions for perfect out-
door acoustics may be approximated. Ex-
traneous sounds are prevented from enter-
ing the room by special walls made rigid
and heavy.

The best reproduction of the sound
should take place in a room adjusted for
good acoustics in the same manner as for
a speaker, as described earlier in the paper.
That is, it is only necessary to consider that
the speaker or musician is replaced by the
instrument reproducing the recorded sound
and that the intensity and character of the
reproduced sound is practically the same
as the original.

The important requirements for good
acoustics in a room may be enumerated as
follows :

1. The sound in a room should have suffi-
cient loudness, a condition that is brought
about by reflection from the various sur-
faces of the room which re-enforces the
direct sound. If the speaker or musical
instrument produces a weak sound, no ar-
rangement of the room will increase the
loudness except by the use of an electric
loud speaker.

2. The reverberation or persistence of
sound should be controlled by installing an
amount of sound-absorbing material in pro-
portion to the volume of the room.

3. Speaking should be distinct. For this
purpose, it is desirable to arrange the re-
flecting surfaces near the speaker and to
apply absorbing material to selected walls.

Jin. OVTDOOR THEATER {or
fhe THACHER SCHOOL

Ojai ValW, California
My femerjon J^h6t~Jgpdfca6e Jlrcht

N that comparatively little known
yet very beautiful and seques-
tered nook of California, the Ojai
Valley, is situated one of the most
interesting and widely appreciated schools
ifor boys in our country. Sons from families
of innate culture, scattered over the United
States, travel far to attend this school, due
jto its manifold advantages and the splendid
caliber and ability of its teachers. It is un-
der the direction of Sherman D. Thacher,
who has carried this character building in-
stitution through a strong development and
fascinating history. In a conversation with
'Barreda Sherman, a graduate, now resident
in San Francisco, it
has been learned that
'this school was found-
ed in 1898 by Sher-
man D. Thacher. It
is a boarding school, a
preparatory school to
equip boys for college,
having an attendance
averaging about
sixty, the boys rang-
ing from fourteen to
eighteen years of age.
Each boy has his
horse, in order to

benefit by the healthful exercise and enjoy-
ment of saddle riding. The country abounds
in splendid mountain trails. The individual
instruction is of a high order and every ad-
vantage is utilized in order to live and learn
in the open air.

Among many excellencies of housing,
planning and equipment which reflect the
careful thought upon which all the conduct
of this school proceeds, one of the most de-
lightful to the visitor of aesthetic sensibil-
ities, is the outdoor theater. Here centers
much of the recreational life of the school.
The writer feels that this theater is the finest
small structure of its type thus far produced

in the West. So many
of its features are of
interest that it has
seemed worthy of
presentation to
a wider audience.

Mr. Thacher, in
letters to the writer,
has given vivid de-
scriptions of the ori-
gin and character of
the theater. Quoting
his letter, June 1, 1928:

I "IP r

E STAGE, OUTDOOR THEATER, OJAI VALLEY

Author's Note — The writer Is par-
ticularly indebted to Nelson Partridge
Jr., of San Francisco, a graduate of
the Thacher School, for bringing to
his attention this delightful theater.

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

August, 1928

STAGS

GROUND PLAN

OUTDOOR THEATRE

FOR. THL

THACKER SCHOOL

IN TftE

GROUND PLAN OF OUTDOOR THEATER

THACHER SCHOOL, OJAI VALLEY, CALIFORNIA

August, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

"The theater originated in this way:
We had been giving plays in the school
living room and dining room very incon-
veniently, and one of the teachers, A. M.
Wolfenden (a graduate of the University
of California and now a teacher in the Ber-
kelev High School) started out with one of
the boys to find a location where we might
build a little theater. They came back to
me with the report that they had found a
\ er\ charming little canyon shaded by trees,
where they thought an outdoor theater
might be arranged. I immediately gave my
unqualified approval, and Mr. Wolfenden
went ahead with the workmen on the place,
to turn the rocks flat side up and introduce
a number of others and to lay them out in
tiers and curving rows on one side of the
little creek bottom, at the same time level-
ing up a piece on the other side of the little
canyon for the stage. The work went on as
the men had time for it for a number of
months, and as soon as it was ready it was
immediately put into active use. Mr. Wol-
fenden continued to make improvements,
and after he left us I have made them at
various times, very much enlarging the
stage, and, during the past summer, build-
ing the little memorial stone bridge to take
the place of a broken down rustic struc-
ture."

A series of questions were put to Mr.
Thacher by the writer, regarding this out-
door theater, to which he has replied by
letter, as follows : "The construction of this
theater was begun in the school year of
1907-8; and it was immediately used that
year for our commencement exercises and
they have been held there ever since. We
give a play (two performances) each year
in March and April. We have our athletic
rallies there and our Hallowe'en perform-
ances. Once we have had a band concert
and once a chamber concert, and we have
had Negro singers also.

"For night illumination we have electric
lights along the picturesque trail by which
it is approached through the brush and
rocks and trees, and the stage is illuminated
by footlights and by tw7o or three lights in
the branches of the trees. The curtain is
dropped by a switch which puts out the

lights illuminating the stage and throws
lights into the faces of the audience, pro-
ducing instant, complete obscurity on the
stage.

"No place is set aside for the orchestra,
though it would be very easy to place it at
the front of the auditorium or in the very
little runway of the creek (about ten feet
wide and three feet deep, between stage and
auditorium), or in a little space to the east
of the stage. We have never used an orches-
tra as we have usually given plays involving
slight changes of scenery and hence brief
intervals. Moreover, our dramatic players
are apt to be members of the orchestra.

"We do nothing whatever in the way of
scenery except such as is absolutely re-
quired. We never put in a door, for in-
stance, unless it is necessary to slam it or
jump behind it or otherwise use it as an
exit; we simply go out into the darkness.
And we indicate parlor, breakfast room,
library, gymnasium, the Forest of Arden,
the deck of a ship, with only the scantiest
paraphernalia; and the properties, too, are
kept down to a minimum.

"The plays we have given have seemed
to be unusually successful, though amateurs
are necessarily confused by the invariable
compliments and lack of criticism. Occa-
sionally people are so bold as to say that a
play is better done than professionals do it.
That is not always flattery, for there are
certain plays that professionals have always
seemed to me to do very badly — except the
great professionals.

"The plays that we have given from 1911
to this date are as follows:

Rostand's ROMANCERS

SHE STOOPS TO CONQUER

THE IMPORTANCE OF BEING EARNEST

THE AMAZONS

Pinero's THE SCHOOLMISTRESS

THE PRIVATE SECRETARY

STOP THIEF

THE MAN FROM HOME

BELIEVE ME XANT1PPE

THE MAN WHO STAYED AT HOME

THE MAN ON THE BOX

THE DICTATOR

SEVEN KEYS TO BALD PATE

AS YOU LIKE IT

CAPTAIN APPLEJACK

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

THE RIVALS

THE ADMIRABLE CRICHTON

"The seating capacity seems to be about
300. I put it that way because it all de-
pends on how far away from the stage and
on how uncomfortable rocks the late arriv-
als choose to sit. I would emphasize the
fact that this is a very small theater and our

STAGE, LOOKING NORTH, OUTDOOR THEATER, THACHER SCHOOL

audiences are limited to the boys and the
few parents who live near enough to attend
and the people of the Ojai community, in-
cluding the Eastern visitors at our hotels."
After studying carefully the group of
photographs so kindly furnished by Mr.
Thacher, the writer feels that the concep-
tion of this theater, which has been left as
nearly as possible in a natural state on two
sides of a little canvon, is of such excellence

proaches the ideal in construction at the
left end, as viewed from the audience,
where the units of stone are large and bold.
The disposition of the natural boulders
at the rear of the stage gives the impression
of a series of isolated spots. They might be
pulled together to express more force and
unity. There are also some footlights which
seem to be too much in evidence. They
could, no doubt, be skillfullv and subtly

August, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

concealed, so as to preserve the otherwise-
undisturbed, wild magic of the California
hillside, with its rugged elements of stone,
trees and shrubs. The auditorium seems to
be remarkably well executed, indicating joy
in and sympathy for the problem of solving
its arrangement and proportions. The lover
of nature will respond to the sense of in-

have faith in their becoming men and citi-
zens of an unusually high type. These boys
full of zest, under the influence of such a
gathering place, during hours of recreation,
can be inspired by the happy union of na-
ture and art. Under the healthful stimulus
of the pungent mountain air, they will build
lasting memories of camaraderie, and eleva-

TDOOR THEATER, THACHER SCHOOL

vitation in the theater as a whole, and be
moved with a sincere desire to visit the
place and experience the inspiration which
a drama or music will give there.

Let us pause to reflect on the significance
of a theater of this kind, in the lives of the
promising boys who attend this school.
With but few exceptions, it is certain that
parents who take pains to select such an
institution for the education of their sons,

tion of feeling and of thought. Thus will
this fine structure contribute to the realiza-
tion of the high aspirations of the parents.
California possesses many sites for such
intimate, open-air playhouses, having nat-
ural amphitheater formation, endowed with
good acoustics and great beauty, which are
still undiscovered and untouched, but wait-
ing— to enrich and enoble the men and
women who are to come.

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

August, 1928

AUDITORIUM, LOOKING SOUTH, OUTDOOR THEATER, THACHER SCHOOL

^OHMEPJBr/*'

AUDITORIUM, LOOKING SOUTHEAST, OUTDOOR THEATER, THACHER SCHOOL

PROPOSED STATE PARK

AT COYOTE POINT

Consa/fanf C/fv 'Pfanninq^-'&urjjnqame

NDER legislation recently passed
by the State of California, a State
Park Commission has been form-
ed and is now proceeding with a
state-wide park survey directed by Freder-
ick Law Olmsted, nationally known land-
scape architect.

In order to determine the most suitable
park sites to acquire, the Commission held
a public hearing in San Francisco on March
19th at which various proposals were pre-
sented. It is the intention of the Commis-
ision to put forward a bond issue of $6,-
000,000 to be voted upon at the November
elections and if carried, the approved
[sites will be bought, providing that equal
amounts of the public or private money
are matched against the state contribution
jin the purchase of the individual sites.

One of the most important projects laid
before the Commission was the proposed
State Park at Coyote Point on San Fran-
Icisco Bay. This project was the result of
studies made by the City Planning Com-
mission of the City of Burlingame, Cali-
fornia, and was sponsored by Mayor Fred-
erick Beer of San Mateo and Dr. John W.
Leggett, Chairman of the Burlingame City
Planning Commission. Coupled with this
official approval is the support of local
:ivic organizations over a wide area.

Coyote Point is located almost centrally
bn the western side of San Francisco Bay,
n San Mateo County, and is within the in-
corporated limits of the city of San Mateo.
Three cities actually adjoin it with a popu-

lation of about 40,000 and the city of San
Francisco with a population of over 700,000
is only 17 miles to the north.

It is a natural park site, a geographical
and scenic landmark and has a grove of
attractive trees well worthy of preservation.
Part of the site was formerly used as an
amusement park and was patronized by
over one million people in three months
in 1922. Owing to the fact that it is easily
accessible over flat roads without ferry
travel to a great populous center, there is
every reason to believe that it may become
one of the most popular public pleasure
grounds in California. Not only is it cap-
able of catering to every recreational pur-
pose but the shore line is a natural bathing
beach and the only one on the western side
of the bay. It also stands high above the
water level and affords magnificent views
of the adjoining country and across to the
Alameda shore with the mountain ranges
as a background.

The area of the Point itself is about 60
acres and the park site about 500 acres. The
entire stretch of the bay frontage has no
public park or reservation and is now
wholly in private ownership. With the
rapid development of industrial enterprise,
it seems likely that this proposed State Park
may soon be the only access the public will
have for recreation on San Francisco Bay.

The new Bay Shore highway, running
down the Peninsula, comes directly to the
proposed park, and thus gives it access over
one of the States' newest and most import-

59-

<//2e.

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

August, 1928

ant arteries. Some idea of the enormous
automobile travel now existing on the Pen-
insula may be gauged from the State Traffic
census of January, 1928, which showed as
high as 20,000 vehicles in one day and an
increase of 15 per cent per year being re-
corded. In addition to this traffic, the San
Mateo- Hay ward bridge across San Fran-
cisco Bay, now being erected only a mile
and a half from the park site, will bring
an additional accession of trans-bay travel.
The factors of topography, highways,
traffic, bridge transportation, etc., link the

planning of adjacent cities and developed
areas with the proposed park site and whilst
excellently answering these conditions it
also meets future requirements on a well
designed basis.

The awakened interest of California in
launching a great movement to conserve
and safeguard its natural and scenic ad-
vantages, is nowhere more significant than
in this important project to create a State
Park on the shores of San Francisco Bay ';
within the shadow of her crowded and
colorful city of San Francisco.

LOOKING TOWARD THE BEACH, PROPOSED
STATE PARK, COYOTE POINT

EUCALYPTUS GROVE IN PROPOSED
STATE PARK, COYOTE POINT

*fke ARCHITECT
and PRELIMINARY ESTIMATES

J^ PaArfDi.

NE of the circumstances which
make the architectural profes-
sion rather difficult to enjoy con-
jj sistently is the not infrequent
difficulty that the layman has in under-
standing that the architect has only partial
control over the cost of any building which
he is designing. The client undoubtedly
has in his mind the thought that he can go
to his architect and have him show various
samples of his work with the costs plainly
marked, so that the client may choose what
he wants in the same manner that he can
go to the stores and buy goods.

This is an age of quantity production,
quick turnovers and national distribution.
The cost of a fountain pen is the same in
one part of the country as in another. It is
a standard product. The costs of a Ford
vary only in accordance with the variation
of freight rates. The price f.o.b. Detroit is
not subject to fluctuations from month to
month as is true in the building industry.
We are accustomed to making purchases
knowing in advance the price and qualities
of the goods we buy. It is natural that in
having a house designed we are apt to fol-
low the same system. However, when it is
a question of the cost of a house, which
exists only in the imagination of the pros-
pective owner and his architect, the system
does not apply.

Although cloth, automobiles, furniture
and almost all the articles we use today are
produced in quantities and sold nationally,
houses or other buildings are still produced
in much the same manner as they were in
the middle ages — by hand — one at a time
and sold locally. Now when the client, who
is being carried along by all the forces of
modern civilization, is suddenly confronted
with this perplexing problem the result is
not always pleasant either for him or for

7XO/2^

the architect who seems always to be blamed
for all the trouble.

In no department of architectural work
is there more cause for misunderstanding
than in that of furnishing preliminary esti-
mates with regard to the cost of a building
at the time when the preliminary sketches
are being drawn. When there is practically
no complete knowledge of the amount and
the kinds of labor and materials required
to erect a house or other building which is
being designed, the owner expects an archi-
tect to be able to tell what the cost will be.
It is natural for him to think this, for, wher-
ever else he goes, when sketches or models
of work are presented for consideration,
there is always a price set for the work rep-
resented. Why is it that this is not the case
with regard to the practice of an architect?

The question of cost enters into almost
every undertaking. Only in very rare in-
stances are things purchased regardless of
cost. An architect would be as impatient as
anyone with a system that made it possible
for him to view various designs of fabrics
which he desired for the purpose of decor-
ating a room, but which gave him only a
vague idea as to how expensive they were.
He would want to know how he could judge
as to the action he might take unless he had
some very definite idea as to cost. The
owner not unnaturally would want to know
the same thing, and, owing to his experience
in other lines of work, would expect that
the architect be able to state the cost of a
building operation at the time he presents
his sketches.

To take a specific instance. A client wants
to build a house. He feels that he can carry
a $10,000 investment. He may have in mind
a house which was built before the World
War dealt everything on this planet an un-
settling blow. The house may have been

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

August, 1928

built in a part of the country where living
costs were less and labor comparatively
lower than in a metropolitan district. He
will realize, of course, that there has been
an advance in costs since the war, and that
a building in one locality may cost more
than the same building in another locality,
but his ideas in this respect are somewhat
vague. At any rate he feels that he should
be able to have a seven-room house built
with two baths, an attached garage and spe-
cial trim for $10,000.

Now, if he were purchasing an auto-
mobile he could go to the sales rooms of
the various automobile manufacturers and
learn the prices at once of the different
kinds of cars, and if he has a thousand dol-
lars to spend he will soon learn that it
would be impossible to buy a powerful 6-
cylinder, sport model at that figure. He
will accordingly moderate his desires and
will purchase a lighter car which will cost
less than the one he may want.

But with regard to a house, conditions
are different. He will go to the architect,
and tell him that he wants a $10,000 house
in which there are seven rooms and all the
other requirements. The architect has not
been trained to look at the client in the
pitying manner of a salesman and say, "My
dear sir, our seven-room houses cost not less
than $15,000. Our six-room houses are cost-
ing around $10,000. Of course, if you care
to look at those I will show you some sam-
ples. " No. The architect will probably
warn his client that he will be unable to
have a house built at his figure. Then he
will probably start to make some sketches.

Realizing that the client's desires are
more than can be obtained for the price he
has in mind, the architect will make the
rooms as small as possible. As soon as the
client sees the sketches he at once demands
larger rooms. The architect again warns
the client, but to no avail. The sketches
are redrawn and finally accepted as a basis
for working drawings.

And then the most difficult part of the
situation arises, for when working draw-
ings are completed they are sent out for
estimates and the lowest bid exceeds the

figure which the client has in mind bv
about 30 per cent.

The client is naturally angry. He has
wasted time in considering plans, which he
cannot use without making almost impos-
sible financial sacrifice. He has had to pay
the architect for services of which he is un-
able to make any use. He feels that he has
been led into a situation for which he is in
no way to blame, but which makes him
appear ridiculous. Of course, he blames
the architect.

The architect will point out that he
warned the client at the beginning that the
house would cost more than the figure he
had in mind, that when the sketches were
drawn the client insisted on having them
made for a larger house, and that when the
specifications were written expensive mate-
rials were insisted upon. Where, indeed,
does the blame lie?

There is probably no solution to the
problem that will prove satisfactory, but
much difficulty may be avoided if it is im-
pressed upon clients that costs are sure to
increase in direct proportion to an increase
in cubic contents. Also, if an architect can
obtain reliable information from which he
can calculate the cost per cubic foot of the
type of structure that he is designing, he
may be able at least to show his client ap-
proximate estimates, which must be, how-
ever, only at best a guess.

This method of calculating the cost of a
building on a basis of cost per cubic foot
is about the only method the architect has
of estimating, unless he acts as contractor
himself, which is against approved prac-
tice. At times when there is but little varia-
tion in labor conditions and material prices,
certain types of work can be estimated with
fair degrees of accuracy.

Architects who are familiar with school
work can estimate the cost of a school
building without drawing a line, if they
are informed in regard to the amount of
instruction area required. As floor heights
are more or less standardized in buildings
of this type, the total cubic contents of a
building can be estimated, and as architects
who are doing this type of work know about
what schools cost per cubic foot the cost

August, 1^28

ARCHITECT

AND LNCINEXR,

can be estimated with a certain degree of
accuracy. This is also true with small city
buildings, garages, stores and like types of
work, but such estimates are not apt to be
very accurate in house work.

It is not always possible to even deter-
mine approximately the cubic contents of a
building until the sketches are at least
roughed out. As soon as this is done, how-
ever, and the contents determined, it is wis-
dom on the part of the architect to attempt
to make a preliminary estimate based on
such unit costs as he is able to obtain from
similar buildings in that locality and from
his own records of unit costs and then in-
form the owner as to what the amount to be
spent for the building will probably be.

Most every architect keeps a pretty close
office record of his past jobs after they have
been built in order to obtain an accurate
cost per cubic foot record. He then uses
that past record as a general base in figur-
ing future work of a like type, using his
judgment of the present cubic cost by guess-
ing the increase or decrease per cubic foot
by market conditions and labor conditions.

So as a final summary: He can do no
more than determine the cost of a build-
ing he is planning on other than a cubic
foot basis and frankly tell the owner that
such an estimate is of the approximate na-
ture, and that no one will know what the
cost of a building will be until working
plans and specifications are made and bids
have been received wThich will act as a basis
for a signed contract.

WHY SHOULD ARCHITECTS
ADVERTISE?

«' jm IHERE is only one prime reason,'1
=1 | says an architect-writer in the Bul-
letin of the Illinois Society of Architects,
"and that is to create business and most of
us acknowledge that we are to a very large
extent business men as wrell as professional
men.

"The question may be asked, 'Won't we
get the business without advertising?' And
the answer might be either 'Yes1 or 'No.'
We are all familiar with the confusion that
exists in the minds of manv as to the line

of demarcation between architect and
builder, the niche that each fills. Publicity
will set that right.

"Docs the public know it would be better
off to have the services of an architect?
A few do. Let's tell the others.

"We are a very small group of the total
population, a rough average being one
architect in every ten thousand of popula-
tion. This in itself tells its own story about
public lack of undertanding. Then, also,
the nature of our work is very different
from the average business and little under-
stood.

"I do not know yet what the best form of
advertising would be and I rather imagine
that there are few who do.

"We have the recent experiment of the
Pittsburgh architects who tried paid pub-
licity. Their work is described in detail in
the December, 1927, issue of the 'Char-
ette,' published by the Pittsburgh Archi-
tectural Club. They think enough of their
effort to continue it.

"Babson, in Collier's, speaks of great con-
cerns 'which have advanced from humble
beginnings to their present position of
power and profit by the force of tireless
publicity.1 And it is the opinion of those
wrell qualified to know that sporadic adver-
tising is of little avail and that only 'tire-
less publicity1 as Babson says will avail.

"Why should we not be as well known
to the public as lawyers and doctors if wre
set out to accomplish that? It is quite true
that not all of the public builds, but wrho
can single out those who are going to? Can
we not educate those who have the building
desire to 'see an architect first,1 just as nat-
urally as a sick person sees a doctor? Can
we not make it just as instinctive?

"We should come out of our untenable
two-faced position of accepting all sorts of
free publicity and scorning paid ads, and
place honest advertising in those mediums
where it will lose nothing in respect from
those with wrhom we do business but rather
gain. A good ad is far better reading than
a whole page of so-called inspired editorial
matter such as fills certain sections of our
Sunday and other papers, and remains to
a large extent unread.11

MY EUROPEAN IMPRESSIONS

CO ClausenTC^7rc£)i/ec/xJJrcmO'rcmcisco

VI. TOMB OF NOPOLEON

O grander sepulchre exists on
earth than that which shelters
here the ashes of the great Napo-
leon.

As one enters there is a feeling of awe
magnetized by the peculiar faint purple
light cast from the dome above.

In the center is an open circular crypt
where one may look over the marble balus-
trade and see below the sarcophagus which
measures 13 feet by 6J/> feet, with a depth
of 14^2 feet and hewn out of a single block
of Siberian porphyry.

On the pavement around the tomb are in-
scribed names of the battles of Rivoli, Pyra-
mids, Marengo, Austerlitz, Jena, Friedland,
Wagram and Moscovia.

Twelve colossal stat-
ues surround the crypt,
symbolizing t h e prin-
cipal Napoleonic vic-
tories.

Hundreds of visitors
go there daily with a
spirit of veneration so
they may proudly say
they have seen the rest-
ing place of this most
illustrious man.

Here the imaginative
mind can trace the life
of the "Man of Destiny"
as in a dream. You see
him as a poor boy in the
military school at Bri-
enne, ridiculed by his
fellow students; you see
him at Toulon in such
poverty and misery that
he contemplates suicide;
you see him later when
he has his chance to de-

TOMB OF NAPOLEON

fend the Convention against the mobs of
Paris. Here he has his opportunity and
makes good ; he becomes more and more
popular and is promoted to higher respon-
sibilities. France at this time having the
rest of Europe allied against her, rallies
under his leadership and he repulses the in-
vaders. At the age of 26 he is conqueror of
Italy; then comes more brilliant victories
and he is proclaimed Emperor of France at
the age of 33 and soon after crowned king
of Italy at Milan. Finally he is exiled to
Elba but returns in triumph, but only for
the short period of the famous "Hundred
Days"; then Waterloo and St. Helena. Af-
ter six years of exile he
expires at the age of
52. How strange it is,
though, that even after
death he becomes al-
most as powerful as in
life and the magic name
of Napoleon lives on
and on.

Although t h e lonely
grave at St. Helena held
his body for nearly a
quarter of a century, it
was finally moved and
deposited where it now
rests and the great Na-
poleon's wishes are ful-
filled according to his
own request: "It is my
wish that my ashes may
repose on the banks of
the Seine, in the midst
of the French people
whom I have loved so
well."

August, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND LNC1NEXR,

TWO BANK BUILDINGS

By Henry F. I fit hey, Architect

HE building illustrated on pages 87
and 89 is owned by The First Na-
tional Bank of Artesia, California. It was
built in 1925 and is faced with made stone.
It has reinforced concrete foundations, re-
inforced bond beams, steel truss roof fram-
ing, steel sash, concrete vaults and cement
floors, rubber covered.

The interior is finished with canvas cov-
ered plastered walls. The ceilings are en-
tirely of wood and the fixtures and trim are
of American gum. The cost was 52c per
cubic foot, or $13.93 per square foot.

The Marine Bank building of Santa
Monica, also illustrated in the Plate Sec-
tion, was built in 1926. It is a brick
building that provides quarters for the
Marine Bank and five stores on the ground
floor and medical offices on the second floor.
The interior is of steel and wood construc-
tion, with sash of steel and roof of clay tile.
Common brick was used for the exterior
walls which are painted white with some of
the brick (forming windows, trim, etc.) left
their natural color.

The cost of this building was 26c per
cubic foot, or $4.13 per square foot.

Modern Bathroom Accessories

NE four-legged tub, a wash-stand and
a water-closet comprised a complete
3athroom a generation ago. Today so many
additional appurtenances have been added
that a description of a thoroughly up-to-
date bathroom will contain many new ideas
for most builders and planners of homes.

Legless tubs are the most in favor. They
have square bases, may be recessed into an
alcove or placed in a corner or against one
wall, and will prevent the collection of dust
wherever they are set. The tub may be
white or colored, with fine metal or all-
china fitments, and the valves and pipes
may be almost entirely concealed in the
partition.

When women bobbed their hair they dis-

covered the shower-bath. So this feature-
now is regarded as standard for every well-
appointed home. It may be installed in a
separate compartment, with plate glass door
hung in a water-tight metal frame. More
frequently, though, an overhead shower is
installed above the tub, and a plate glass
shield or curtains of waterproof silk or
some less costly material are hung around
it.

In larger bathrooms the water closet is
put in a separate small chamber. Quiet
syphon-jet closets are the best that have
been devised to date. Flush valves may be
used if pressure permits; otherwise a low
tank is the best arrangement.

In addition to the lavatory — which may
be had in any material from enameled iron
to tinted marble — the well-appointed bath
has a dental lavatory.

Such are the indispensables. An added
convenience that many housewives insist on
is a towel-warmer; it consists of nickel-
plated hot water pipes attached to the sup-
ply system, standing on the floor or sus-
pended on a wall, upon which towels may
be dried and brought to a comfortable tem-
perature. In many homes a built-in dress-
ing table appears as a desirable accessory.

The most finished medicine cabinets con-
sist of three panels of etched mirror set into
the wall flush with the surface. Each of
the side-panels opens to disclose the shelves.
Both recessed and projecting styles, of
welded steel, ply-wood or other materials,
are available in a great variety of designs.

Towel bars, hand bars near the shower
and tub, recessed soap dishes, paper holders
and holders for dental accessories and for
tumblers, also add to the convenience of the
bath. Shelves of glass or colored vitreous
china are adjusted above the lavatory, the
dressing table and in other convenient lo-
cations. All these are made in colors and
of materials that harmonize with the other
appointments.

To such extent has this refinement of de-
sign gone that it is possible even to get hooks
for razor stropping, cigaret trays and light-
ing fixtures of the same style. — Valve
World.

■66

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

August, 1928

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DETAILS FOR MARBLE CHECK DESKS FOR BANKS, ETC.

August, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

UNITED ARTISTS THEATER AND OFFICE BUILDING, LOS ANGELES

WALKER AND EISEN AND C. HOWARD CRANE, ARCHITECTS

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

August, 1928

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THEATIE AM OFFICE BUILDING
l«THtMMDlMT*»Jl'"l '

GROUND PLAN, UNH ED ARTISTS THEATER BUILDING, LOS ANGELES

WALKER AND EISEN AND C. HOWARD CRANE, ARCHITECTS

August, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

MAIN FOYER, UNITED ARTISTS THEATER, LOS ANGELES

WALKER AND EISEN AND C. HOWARD CRANE, ARCHITECTS

August, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

Mott Studio, Photo

MAIN FOYER CEILING, UNITED ARTISTS THEATER, LOS ANGELES

WALKER AND EISEN AND C. HOWARD CRANE, ARCHITECTS

August, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND LNC1NEXR.

WESTMINSTER PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. SACRAMENTO

DEAN AND DEAN, ARCHITECTS

ARCHITECT

AND ENCINEER,

August, 1928

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PLANS. WESTMINSTER PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, SACRAMENTO

DEAN AND DEAN, ARCHITECTS

August, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

Frcderick-Burkett, Photo

WESTMINSTER PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA

DEAN AND DEAN, ARCHITECTS

August, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

ENTRANCE DETAIL, WESTMINSTER PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, SACRAMENTO

DEAN AND DEAN, ARCHITECTS

August, 1028

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

WESTMINSTER PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, SACRAMENTO
DEAN AND DEAN, ARCHITECTS

August, 1028

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

MARINE BANK BUILDING, SANTA MONICA, CALIFORNIA
HENRY F. WITHEY, ARCHITECT

August, 1928

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ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

MARINE BANK BUILDING, SANTA MONICA, CALIFORNIA

HENRY F. WITHEY, ARCHITECT

August, 1()28

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PLAN, MARINE BANK BUILDING, SANTA MONICA, CALIFORNIA

HENRY F. WITHEY, ARCHITECT

August, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

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PLAN, FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF ARTESIA
HENRY F. WITHEY, ARCHITECT

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ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

ENTRANCE DETAIL, FIRST NATIONAL BANK, ARTESIA, CALIFORNIA

HENRY F. WITHEY, ARCHITECT

August, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

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August, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENCINELR.

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DETAIL OF WALL, CHAPEL, CITY AND COUNTY HOSPITAL, SAN FRANCISCO

BUREAU OF ARCHITECTURE, C. H. SAWYER, ARCHITECT

August, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

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August, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENCINEER.

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MAIN ENTRANCE GABLE, ESTATE OF LLOYD FRANK, PORTLAND, ORE.

HERMAN BROOKMAX, ARCHITECT

ARCHITECT

AND ENCINEER,

PUMPHOUSE, ESTATE OF DOUGLAS FAIRBANKS AND MARY PICKFORD, RANCHO SANTA FE

L. J. Rice, Architectural Supervisor

Doug and Mary's Ranch House

HEN Douglas Fairbanks and Mary
_Pickford bought extensive acreage in
the rolling hill country that lies inland
from Del Mar, in northern San Diego
county, architects looked for an immediate
and interesting development. And they
were not disappointed, for as a first step in
planning this ideal country home a small
''lake" was formed in a hollow of the hills
and here water that is piped from a series of
wells is held in storage until it is needed for
irrigating the many acres of hillslopes that
have since been planted with Valencia or-
anges, avocados and other subtropical trees
destined for highly specialized commercial
production.

A forest of eucalypti has also been
planted and this is irrigated with water
"lifted" from the lake by other relays of
pumps that are housed in a nearby ravine,
adjacent to and slightly below the level of
the lake. Although designed for strictly

practical purposes, this pump house, in con-
formity with the Spanish Colonial building
program here operative, conveys the im-
pression of a typical ranch home built in
the days of the pioneering Padres.

The thick walls of masonry, surmounted
by heavy beams, insure a secure base for the
enormous weight of the tile roof that has
been cemented upon it. Soil, intermixed
with grass seed, was then scattered in the
crevices of the tiles and the resultant growth
quickly "aged" the appearance of the struc-
ture to meet the most exacting artistic re-
quirements. A sloping rubble wall, ending
in a rim of heavier stone, will provide in-
numerable "pockets" where trailing vines
will be started and this, with the small patio
and its profusion of subtropical shrubbery,
will gradually enhance the decorative as-
pect of the building, for every detail from
its supporting pillars to its equally authen-
tic Spanish shutters, has been carefully con-
sidered from the dual purpose aspect of
practical usage and pictorial charm.

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

SINCE 1905

An illustrated monthly magazine of Architecture, Engineering and
Allied Arts and Crafts.

The publishers disclaim any responsibility for statements made in
the advertisements of this magazine. Member of the Western
Business Papers Association.

Yearly subscription in advance to all parts of the United States,
$3.00 ; Canada, $4.00 ; Foreign, $4.50 ; Single Copies 50 cents.

Publication Office:

1662 RUSS BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO

Telephones Douglas 1828 - 1829

Vol. 94

AUGUST, 1928

No. 2

Better Small House Design

]T is encouraging to note that specu-
BXJ lative builders are now employing
registered architects instead of depending
upon incompetent draftsmen or fly-by-night
contractors. They have finally discovered
that the well drawn and intelligently plan-
ned house sells more readily than the dwell-
ing that is copied from some house furnish-
ing magazine or is designed by a builder or
student draftsman. Charm and atmosphere
are two elusive characteristics which are
not usually found in houses built by in-
experienced designers. And the public now
demands both of these qualities. Further-
more, the plan must be livable. Bright
colored stucco and jazzy ornamentation will
no longer sell a home.

The argument in favor of well designed
houses includes, as we said before, quicker
sales, better prices, and a superior class of
buyers who have financial standing and are
better able to make substantial down pay-
ments and more satisfactory installments.

It is also becoming apparent to the spe-
culative builder that the banks and loan
companies are more willing to finance
houses that are planned by architects. Los
Angeles, Oakland and other Pacific Coast
cities are showing marked improvement in
the type of speculative dwellings now be-

100

ing put up, and it would seem to be only ;
question of time before good architectun
will dominate in the development of nev
residence tracts.

Ugly Buildings Should Go

ETTING in step with beauty" is the
problem now upon us, according t(
Robert W. DeForest, financier and presi-
dent of the American Federation of Arts
who says in the Review of Reviews:

Big business has come to appreciate the cash valui
of research. Huge sums are spent on developing lab
oratories where distinguished scientists carry on ex-
periments of no apparent relation to the product*
of their employers. The physical and chemical proo
erties of these products are made thoroughly known
and constant thought is given to improving the selec-:
tion of materials and the process of manufacture. Thin
capital is generously employed in answering half o\
a question of which part still is left begging. That i<
the matter of attractiveness to the eye and to the touch.
It should be answered only in terms of artistic capa-
city on a par with that of the scientific energy which
is put into making the product right. Here is nc
trifling matter of buying pretty sketches only to have
them botched in the castings and on the lathes; it is
a problem of hard study and thorough experimentation
in finding out the exact capacities of the machines and
divisions may be used to operate six, seven or eight
the materials, and then in working out the best possible
designs under these limitations ... As big business
comes to recognize its dependence on the artist, it is
to be sincerely hoped that the artist will be as quicki
to appreciate these wider opportunities for expression.'

Surveys show that approximately 90 pen
cent of the buildings in our cities are uglyl
and a detriment to our communities. In
fact, 90 per cent of present city construction'
may be classed as temporary building, be-t
cause these ugly structures, as pointed out.
of them in much less than 50 years. This
many times, are sure to be torn down, most
is the greatest economic loss of our time.
Why cannot we grasp the fact that pioneer-
ing days are done — the country is grown
up — although most of us do not seem alive
to it yet.

Man destroys the ugly building or the
ugly surroundings, as fast as he can. Only

August, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

101

beautiful and attractive structures persist.
Europe and older communities are attrac-
tive to us because they have been culling
out for centuries, keeping the good, destroy-
ing the ugly. We will never be grown up
as a nation until we do this as thoroughly
and effectively, for ourselves. — C. H. C.

The Pan American Building

OMETIMES we have to read our
contemporaries from across the sea
to learn interesting things about ourselves.
We find this to be the case in a recent num-
ber of Buildings, published in Sidney, Aus-
tralia, and while we are all doubtless more
or less familiar with the Pan American
building at Washington, we find in the fol-
lowing paragraph, some interesting infor-
mation:

"In Washington is a house with a movable
roof known as the Pan American Building.
It is a hollow square, and over the central
court, or patio, is an immense glass roof,
50 feet wide, which is mounted on roller
bearing wheels and operated by a five h.p.
motor which, by the operation of a switch,
slowly moves this 14^2 tons of glass and
metal skylight until it is all closed in. The
area itself is filled with luxuriant tropical
plants and trees, including a tree from
which tapioca is taken, the date palm, the
banana, and another tree, from which pan-
ama hats are made. In addition to these
two highly honored and brilliantly plum-
aged macaws, a vast number of shiny
headed gold fish also make their abode
here. In warm weather the roof is rolled
back and this tropical garden is flooded
with natural sunlight; but in cold weather
the roof is closed and by artificial heating
apparatus a tropical temperature is main-
tained. The two birds, the fish pool, and
the luxuriant tropical vegetation in this Pan
American building, in Washington, are
amongst the sights of the city. Viewed
from an everyday aspect, an object lesson
is supplied us as to what a little simple
mechanism can accomplish."

Notes and Comments

|I IE DEAN boys in Sacramento con
tinue to add laurels to their already
enviable reputation as designers of dis-
tinctive buildings. Their achievements in
domestic architecture are too well known
to need further comment while their de-
signs for Sacramento and near-by school
buildings have brought them coast-wide
recognition. Now comes the completion
of the Westminster Presbyterian Church
which will undoubtedly stand as one of the
best things Dean and Dean have done. The
fact that church building committees and
pastors from afar journey to Sacramento
just to see this building is evidence of its
importance. A vista of its Byzantine dome
and tower through the foliage of the lovely
State Capitol grounds makes one wonder
if he is not in some quaint old country in-
stead of California. The snow-like white-
ness of the walls and the soft pinkish color
of the roofing tile matched against the mass
of greenery which surrounds the edifice,
form a contrast of striking beauty. And
now -the Dean boys are working on a new
home for the Sutter Club — a Bohemian
organization not unlike the club of that
name in San Francisco, and if their pre-
liminary sketches mean anything at all,
Sacramento is going to have yet another
building of distinction, possibly of even
greater interest than the building we have
just referred to.

UCH comment is reported by a cor-
respondent of the London Daily Ex-
press in Madrid, regarding a statue of a
soldier recently unveiled in an Aragonese
town. It is a statue of Captain Arenas, who
was killed in action, and the cause is owing
to the captain being modelled in the nude.

The sculptor, Coullaut-Valera, an artist
with a style of his own and definite views,
maintains that marble tunics with marble
pocket flaps and buttons are unbeautiful.

Busts of soldiers and statesmen in the days
of Athen's glory were portrayed more or
less nude; and, after all, are not a young

102

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

August, 1928

soldier's throat and shoulders more beauti-
ful than a uniform collar with hook and
eye and epaulets, with buttons and button-
holes?

Opponents of this point of view declare
that Captain Arenas died leading his sap-
pers at the front, therefore in his clothes,
and anyone viewing the statue might sup-
pose he died in his bath.

This argument carries conviction. It is
asked how Napoleon with two fingers be-
tween the buttons of his waistcoat would
look if the sculptor adhered to the lines of
the figure.

HIS has been a record breaking
summer for motoring to the Pacific
Northwest. It is said that for three months
California automobile registration numbers
have been as conspicuous in Portland, Se-
attle, Vancouver and Victoria as the Ore-
gon, Washington and British Columbia
numbers. Writing of Victoria, I fail to
agree with those who go into ecstasies over
the quaintness of that city. After you have
seen the Empress Hotel and the British
Parliament buildings, there is little English
atmosphere to enthuse over. Surely there
is nothing quaint about the business section
of Victoria. Rather the streets are like San
Francisco's before the fire. In fact the same
type of buildings may be found today in
the Latin quarter of San Francisco and in
some of the back streets of Sacramento and
other inland cities of California.

In the residence district, that section
nearest the water, there are some beautiful
old English mansions hidden from view by
high hedges of ivy or holly. But the newer
and smaller homes in other parts of Vic-
toria are dreadfully commonplace. No
architecture, just four walls and a roof and
without interest.

The drive from Victoria to Nanaimo is
a delightful one, winding through an ever-
changing country rich in vegetation, with
sloping hills, sun-kissed streams and miles
and miles of thrifty ferns and vines growing
in profusion along both sides of the high-
way. From Nanaimo to Vancouver the trip
is broken by a charming boat ride in
palatial steamers with comfortable seats,

music for dancing and plenty to eat. The
Canadians call them ferries but they are
nothing like our Oakland to San Francisco
ferries.

Vancouver is getting to be a big metro-
polis with a population of 300,000 achieved .
in a period of twenty-five years. In the last ti
three years one can see some marvelous
changes here. The city has become metro-
politanized. There is bustle, life, jazz, with
American people very much in evidence.
The new buildings are a deal like our own.
The new Georgia Hotel across the street I
from the old Vancouver Hotel is a ten or
twelve-story structure that reminds one of
some of the new hotels in Portland and
Seattle. There are a number of new office :
buildings in Vancouver whose architecture :
has familiar American color. Most of
the bank buildings are of the old style, ,j
monumental, a story or two high and
usually occupied solely by the banking in-
stitution. Branch banks are as numerous >
as in California, in fact every little business
section within the city limits has its branch, ,
reminding one of our own Bank of Italy.

The street cars do a profitable business
in Vancouver and that's more than you can n
say of many of our electric car lines in the
United States. The people use the cars for
pleasure as well as for business. In the
United States we ride in the electrics or
cables only when we have to. Motor cars •
have spoiled us.

Vancouver has a great many stucco >
homes of the modern type and it is no ex-
aggeration to say their architects "know '
their stuff.'1 English, Swiss, Colonial and I
a modified Spanish are reflected in many of i
the new homes and the grounds show care-
ful planning and good taste in the selection i
of flowers and shrubs, all in sharp contrast I
to some of the residence sections of Vic-
toria. F. W. J.

HOTEL ARCHITECT PASSES
Charles Palmer, architect of the first Palmer House,
Chicago, died recently at his private estate at Muske-
gon, Mich., to which he had retired some years ago.
He was a cousin of Potter Palmer, original owner and
builder of the first Palmer House, who died in 1902.

August, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

103

A Plea For More Flowering Trees

ERNER V. McCLURG, architect of Holly-
wood, recently addressed the Architects' League
p that city on "Speculative Building"" and in the

course of his splendid talk made a spirited appeal for
more flowering trees. "The glory of our flowering
trees should he multiplied ten thousandfold," he said.
To quote further :

"The statement that more plants from more climes
will prosper here than anywhere else on earth is par-
ticularly true of the blossoming trees. Where we have
now the glory of one blue jacaranda, let us have a
thousand, and a thousand scarlet eucalypti, and a thou-
sand rose-colored eucalypti, and a thousand golden-
flowering acacias of midwinter ; and a thousand flame
trees, and a thousand coral trees, and a thousand Jap-
anese cherries and a thousand Chinese flowering peaches
and a thousand pink locusts, and a thousand pink
magnolias, and then another thousand, and another.

"Let us not forget the charm of fruit trees in the
garden, too.

"It is nothing against the beauty of a tree that it
gives profit, and food as well. The first spring blos-
soms we have, right at the new year, are the shell-pink
flowers of the common almond. Among the prettiest

of all spring Mowers are the rose colored blossoms of

the feijoa or pineapple guava.

"The sweetest perfumes we enjoy arc distilled li\
the blossoms of orange and lemon. 'I he gayesl autumn
Colors to decorate our houses and gardens are of the
fruits of the persimmon and the pomegranate. The
best medicines we can use arc of the fi^ and apricot.
The most grateful shade we know is of the cool and
stately walnut.

"Show me a developed town with no trees and I
will show you a town to avoid as a home for your
families. Go through districts where want and squalor
and crime and filth are the rule, and you will be lucky
to find even a gaunt specimen of a tree anywhere
about. This is not by chance; the planted and tended
tree is as sure a sign of civilization as a revered flag
or a church spire or a schoolhouse belfry; and the
English, who have carried civilization to every part
of their dominions scattered far and wide about the
earth, plant shade trees almost before they finish their
houses or start their towns.

"Now if you will go home and plant one tree, or a
hundred trees, I shall not then have taken your time
in vain. The little twig you plant today may live
to give shade and beauty and health and comfort for
three or four hundred vears."

A BIT OF SPAIN IN LOS ANGELES
John Byers, Architect

104

ARCHITECT

AND ENCINELR.

August, 1928

ENGINEERS FAVOR REGISTRATION

United action in the movement to secure laws re-
quiring licensing or registration of engineers in the
various states, is sought by the American Association o^
Engineers, in resolutions adopted at the recent annua!
convention, as follows:

Whereas, American Association of Engineers is now
the only all-inclusive national welfare organization
devoted to the interests of the profession, and

Whereas, A single all-inclusive welfare organization
in the engineering profession (as in the medical and
legal professions) can best serve the interests of the
profession and of the individual engineer, and

Whereas, The united effort of American Association
of Engineers and the organization of licensed, regis-
tered or professional engineers is highly desirable and
would be to their mutual advantage, Now, therefore,
be it

Resolved, That it is the sense of this convention
that steps should promptly be taken by this association
looking toward the inclusion of the several societies
of licensed, registered or professional engineers now
formed or forming, and be it further

Resolved, That the National Board of Directors
of this association be and hereby is authorized and
directed to seek ways and means to this end.

Whereas, There is no doubt but that the movement
for the registration of engineers is spreading and that
other laws relating to the activities of members of the
engineering profession are being enacted, and

Whereas, Considerable laxity in the enforcement of
these laws is generally permitted, and

Whereas, Such laws are of no value to the public
unless enforced, be it

Resolved, By the members and delegates of the
American Association of Engineers in convention as-
sembled that a committee of five be appointed to con-
sider and recommend to the next convention methods
that will, if employed, lead to the better enforcement
of such laws.

THE SAN FRANCISCO TELEPHONE BUILDING
By Jas. T. Narbett, Architect

PLUMBING AND HEATING CLUB

The new Plumbing and Heating Club is now or-
ganized and ready to go. This is a representative body
of the plumbing and heating fraternity in the San
Francisco Bay cities and adjacent territory.

The club is purely social, and the members plan to
"get together" and talk over their problems at periodi-
cal lunches on the second and fourth Thursdays of
each month.

The dues of the club have been established at $5.00
per annum, payable in advance. At the August 9th
meeting John Ruckstell, president of National Ac-
counting of U. S. A., spoke on "The Value of Ac-
counting as Applied to Anyone's Business."

Towering high in the sky o'er the City,
Standing guard to its neighbor beside;
A wonderful structure befitting the City,
In approaching, we point to with pride.
Mounting up as a beacon of progress,
Piercing fogs that blow in through the Gate;
A bright guide to flyers above it,
Winging true as a dove to its mate.

Rising high over all of its neighbors
In a field, so conspicuously alone;
The skyline improved by its contour,
Marvelous construction of steel and stone.
Night, its white lighted shaft as a beacon
To Mariners, who ferry the Bay,
When pier lights are dim in the distance,
Its bright towering top lights the way.

Its lofty, white shaft of beauty,
A picture that seems not to tire,
Looking down on a City of refinement
From a structure, designed to inspire.
A monument to the skill of the planners,
Their dream carried out in detail;
San Francisco is proud of its buildings,
The Golden City, the end of the trail.

ARIZONA STATE BOARD

The sixth annual report of the Arizona State Board
of Registration for architects, engineers, land survey-
ors and assayers, shows a total of 600 registrations at
the beginning of 1928. Of these registrations 34 were •'•
architects and 513 were engineers, land surveyors and
assayers. A total of 53 out-of-state registrations were
reported.

During 1927 professional registration was granted
to 34 applicants. "There has been a consistent effort t]
by the board and its supporters among the citizenry,"
says the report, "to elevate the standard of preparation l
and experience by which registrants under the law are :
judged, and at the same time avoid hardships upon men I
of experience and judgment gained by hard work and I
sometimes adversity.

"No flagrant violations of the law as to professional I
practice have occurred and, as a consequence, no prose-
cutions have been undertaken."

Members of the Board of Registration are: George
H. Booth, mechanical engineer, Gila county; Paul E. .
Fernald, civil engineer, Pima county; L. B. Hitchcock,
civil engineer, Maricopa county; L. M. Fitzhugh, ar-
chitect, Maricopa county ; H. V. Kruse, mining en-
gineer, Yavapai county; V. O. Wallingford, architect,
Maricopa county; G. M. Butler, dean of school of en-
gineering, University of Arizona. Mr. Fernald is
chairman, Mr. Booth vice-chairman, and Mr. AValling-
ford secretary-treasurer of the board.

ARCHITECTS HAVE MUCH WORK
One of the busiest offices in San Francisco is thai ol
Messrs. Gottschalk and Rist, Phelan Building, who
report that they are preparing working drawings for
a large country estate at Hillsborough, San Mateo
County, for Lindsay Howard of the Buick Automobile
Agency. A French type house of thirty rooms is being
designed, together with separate garage, chauffeur's
quarters and a concrete swimming pool. From plans
by the same architects, Mr. Howard will also build
polo pony barns, quarters for employees and a private
training track at Beresford.

Other work being planned by Messrs. Gottschalk
and Rist includes a $20,000 home in San Mateo for
Edwin Porter, a stucco residence in Hillsborough for
Elwood Boobar, an English cottage in Palo Alto for
Wilfred Classem and a $60,000 three story frame com-
munity apartment building on Filbert street, San
Francisco, for John Chichizola.

22 STORY APARTMENT BUILDING
Plans have been completed by H. C. Bauman, 251
I Kearny street, San Francisco, for a twenty-two story
Class A apartment building on the south-west corner
of Green and Leavenworth streets, San Francisco. The
owners are the Western Management and Finance
Company, and the estimated cost of the project is
$750,000. The building is to contain a total of eighty
apartments with modern improvements.

TO HAVE SAN FRANCISCO OFFICES

Sears-Roebuck Company, nation-wide mail order
concern, has purchased property at the gore of Mission,
Army and Valencia streets, San Francisco, as a site for
a large office building and warehouse, which is to be
used as the Company's Pacific Coast headquarters.
This firm has only recently completed and occupied a
large distributing building in Los Angeles.

COLLEGE GROUP

Plans are being completed by Edward Eames, archi-
tect at 353 Sacramento street, San Francisco, for the
first unit of a new educational group for St. Ignatius
College at Turk and Stanyan streets, San Francisco.
Barrett and Hilp will take charge of the construction
work. The building will have thirty-five classrooms,
a gymnasium, assembly hall and cafeteria. It will cost
$400,000.

UNIVERSITY Bill. DINGS

Construction is expected to ^) forward short K on
several new buildings at the Universit) <>t California,
Berkeley, including a Science Building west of Cal-
ifornia Hall to cost $1,500,000, George W. Kelham,
architect; an Infirmary Building, east of College ave-
nue, Arthur Brown, Jr., architect; Giannini Hall, W.
C. Hays, architect. A new drill ground and baseball
park is being built west of Ellsworth street, between
Alston and Bancroft Way. This is to take the place of
the old drill grounds on the campus, which are to be
the site of the new Science Building.

COUNTRY HOUSE
Mrs. John Bakewell is to have a new country home
in Woodside, San Mateo County, from plans by Bake-
well and Weihe, 251 Kearny street, San Francisco.
The same architects have completed preliminary plans
for the new Balboa School in San Francisco, for which
an appropriation has been made of $700,000. Bakewell
and Weihe are also the architects of the new addition
to Lane Hospital, San Francisco.

CLASS A HOSPITAL
Claud Beelman, 1019 Union Bank Building, Los
Angeles, is preparing working drawings for a Class A
Hospital of 250 beds, auditorium, operating rooms,
nurses' quarters, etc., for the Caspar Home Hospital.
The location is on the north side of Fountain avenue,
extending from Catalina to Berendo streets, Los An-
geles. The improvements will cost $1,500,000.

THIRTEEN STORY OFFICE BUILDING

The Southern California Edison Company will build
a thirteen-story Class A office building on the north-
west corner of 5th street and Grand avenue, Los
Angeles, to cost $2,000,000. Allison and Allison are
the architects.

CLASS A BANK BUILDING
John and Donald B. Parkinson, New Title Insur-
ance Building, Los Angeles, are preparing plans for a
branch bank building at Beverly Hills for the Cali-
fornia Bank, estimated to cost $500,000.

MUNICIPAL BUILDING

Alfred F. Priest, Fay Building, Los Angeles, has
completed drawings for a six-story Class A municipal
building for the city of Glendale.

105

106

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

August. 1928

DUPLEX RESIDENCE FLATS
Plans have been completed by Clausen and Amandes
of San Francisco for a two-story and basement duplex
residence flat building to be built on Toledo Way,
east of Pearce street, San Francisco, at a cost of
$20,000, for O. H. Buhlinger. The same architects
have completed plans for a Spanish residence at 22nd
and Llloa streets, for A. N. Anderson.

SEATTLE CATHEDRAL
Working drawings are being prepared in the office
of Arthur Brown. Jr., San Francisco, for a $2,000,000
cathedral for St. Mark's Parish, Seattle, Washington.
Only the first unit will be built this year. Mr. Brown
recently returned from Seattle, where he submitted
preliminary drawings to the Building Committee.

$50,000 SEATTLE HOME
Plans have been completed by Dean and Dean, Sac-
ramento architects, for an Italian residence in Seattle
for Thomas Youell. The resident architect will be
Don Clippinger of Seattle. Dean and Dean are also
preparing drawings for the new Elks Club building
at Marysville, estimated to cost $100,000.

OAKLAND ARCHITECTS BUSY

New work in the office of Newsom and Newsom.
Federal Realty Building, Oakland, includes an English
residence on Santa Barbara Road, Berkeley; a Spanish
home on Le Roy avenue, Berkeley; an English dwell-
ing in upper Piedmont, and a house in St. James
Wood for Rugg and Lisbon.

UTILITY DISTRICT BUILDING
James W. Plachek, of Berkeley, has completed plans
for an office building, garage and workshop, which is
to comprise the central division corporation yards of
the East Bay Utility District at Stockton. The build-
ing will cost $25,000.

INFANT SHELTER BUILDING
The San Francisco Infant Shelter is to have a new
home on Ortega street, between 19th and 20th avenues,
San Francisco, a contract having recently been let to
G. P. W. Jensen for approximately $140,000. Louis
C. Mullgardt is the architect.

COMMERCIAL GARAGE
A large reinforced concrete commercial garage is
being designed by G. A. Applegarth, San Francisco
architect, for Thomas Bell and associates. A site has
been secured on Larkin street, north of O'Farrell, San
Francisco.

WINS DUDLEY HONOR PRIZE

Alfred V. de Forest, research engineer for t
American Chain Company, was recently honored
the National Society for Testing Materials which
organization awarded him the Dudley National Medal
in recognition of his achievement in perfecting the non-
destructive test for materials. With the device Mr.
de Forest has developed, it is now practical for any
young woman to sit in front of a machine and by
means of a graph, on which appears a hysteresis loop,
determine instantly whether or not the material pass :ng
in front of her has the slightest defect.

Magnetic analysis is a subject on which dozens of
eminent research engineers have been working tor
years. Now the problem is solved through Mr. de
Forest's sensitive electric galvanometer which will de-
tect a flaw no bigger than a pin-head in the center
of a large steel wheel, and all without cutting or
marring the surface of the metal.

ARCHITECT SEEKS DAMAGES
The London Daily Mail says that Whitney Warren.
American architect, is suing the Louvain University
for violation of contract and artistic rights in connec-
tion with the balustrade on the new library and its
banned inscription. Warren asks that the present balus-
trade be removed and that originally designed by him
be placed in position. Warren claims personal dam-
ages to the extent of $55,000.

SMALL HOUSE PLANS
The Architects' Building Material Exhibit, Los
Angeles, is sponsoring a Small House Plan Service
for the Los Angeles Architectural Club. Included
will be only plans for houses costing less than S/000
and all plans are to be approved by the Architectural
Club Committee.

A Small House Competition is being considered by
the club in co-operation with the Building Material
Exhibit and the Los Angeles Times.

CONCRETE BAKING PLANT

Plans have been completed by Messrs. Blis> and
Fairweather, Balboa Building, San Francisco, for a
large baking plant at Bryant and Alameda streets. San
Francisco, for the International Baking Company. The
approximate cost is $150,000. T. Ronneberg is the
structural engineer and MacDonald & Kahn. the
builders.

August, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENCINEER,

107

PASSING OF WILLIAM R. MEAD

William Rutherford Mead, noted architect, of Mc-
Kim, Mead & White, died in his eighty-second year,
on June 20th in Paris.

Mr. Mead was horn in Brattlehoro, Vermont,
August 20, 1846. He was graduated from the Brat-
tlehoro High School and entered Norwich University
in 1861, remaining there until 1863. In 1909 that
university gave him the degree of Master of Sciences.
In the fall of 1863 he entered Amherst College, heing
graduated with the degree of A. B. in 1867. He re-
ceived the honorary degree of LL. D. from Amherst
in 1902.

After leaving college Mr. Mead began the study
of architecture in the New York office of the late
Russell Sturgis in 1868. In 1871 he went to Florence,
Italy, and continued his studies in architecture there
for a year, afterward spending six months in travel
in other European countries. In 1872 Mr. Mead be-
gan the practice of his profession in New York with
the later Charles F. McKim. The late Stanford
White became associated with them in 1878 under the
firm name of McKim, Mead & White. The firm has
been the architect of many of the most notable struc-
tures in the country, among them being the Agricul-
tural and New York State buildings at the World's
Columbian Exposition, Chicago, in 1893; the Boston
Public Library, Rhode Island State Capitol, the old
Madison Square Garden, since demolished, and the
Columbia Library and other buildings of that univer-
sity. Mr. Mead was a Fellow of the American In-
stitute of Architects.

I' E R SO N \ LS

NOTED FRENCH ARCHITECT DEAD

Alexander Marcel, chief architect of the French
government, died on July 1 in the Neuilly hospital.

One hour before his monument to the dead of the
Lafayette Escadrille was unveiled on July 4 Marcel
was buried in the Montparnasse cemetery.

M. Marcel was a member of the Institute of France,
officer of the Legion of Honor and holder of many
foreign decorations. Among his famous works are the
Senate building at Bucharest, the Rodin Museum in
Paris, the Hippodrome at Ostend and the restoration
of the Royal Belgian chateaus at Ciergnon and Ar-
dennes.

He was second among 250 contestants with his
design for the International Peace Palace at The
Hague.

Si \kks <!v Flanders, Sacramento architects, have
moved their offi< es from the Ochsner Building on K

street to the Forum Building at Ninth and K streets.
This firm is three years old, heing composed of Leon-
and F. Starks and Edward Flanders.

W. J. Saundkrs, formerly located at 219 Laughlin
Building, has moved to 787 E. Pico Street, Los An-
geles.

Appointment of Donald B. Parkinson as a mem-
ber of the Los Angeles Municipal Art Commission has
been confirmed by the city council of that city.

Charles H. Biggar, architect of Bakersfield, has
been named a member of the advisory council of the
State Association of California Architects.

Elliott, Bowen & Walz is the name of a new en-
gineering firm announced in Los Angeles. The mem-
bers are James R. Elliott, Oliver G. Bowen and Ches-
ter E. Welz, all consulting engineers.

Ralph D. Taylor, architect in the Lassen Indus-
trial Bank Building, Susanville, announces that he has
opened a branch office in Alturas and will be pleased
to receive manufacturers' catalogues, building material
samples, etc.

SAN DIEGO THEATER
Plans are being prepared in the office of Weeks and
Day, Financial Center Building, San Francisco, for a
Class A theater and store building to be erected on the
block bounded by A, B, 7th and 8th streets, San Diego,
for Gildred Brothers. The theater has been leased to
the West Coast Theaters Company. It will have a
seating capacity of 3300 and will cost $750,000.

OAKLAND APARTMENT BUILDINGS

Plans are in the office of Leonard H. Ford, 1445
Harrison street, Oakland, for two apartment buildings,
Oakland ; one a six-story structure to cost $90,000, and
the other a two-story frame building at 51st and Des-
mond streets, for F. Gruenweld. Mr. Ford is also
preparing plans for a Spanish type residence in Antioc.h
to cost $10,000.

HOTEL FOR PASADENA
A new hotel, to cost $2,000,000, is to be erected at
Colorado street and Oak Knoll avenue, Pasadena.
The new building, ten stories high, will be built by
the Orndorff Construction Company of Los Angeles.
Marston & Maybury of Pasadena are the architects.

[08

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

August. 1928

FACULTY APPOINTEES
New appointments to the faculty of the Department
of Architecture at the Carnegie Institute of Tech-
nology in Pittsburgh for the coming college year in-
clude Raymond A. Fisher of Swissvale, Pa., and
Kindred McLeary of Columbia. Texas, as assistant
professors; Paul K. Schell of Pittsburgh, as massier,
and James Robertson of Edgewood, Pa., as junior
assistant.

Mr. Fisher is a former student of architecture at
both Carnegie Institute of Technology and the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania. He won the Logist Paris
Prize in 1921. the silver medal of the Beaux Arts
Institute of Design in 1921, and qualified for the
Final Paris Prize in 1922. He has been in private
practice for 13 years.

Mr. McLeary was graduated from the University
of Texas in 1925 with a B.S. degree in architecture.

METAL CONGRESS IN JANUARY
Twelve national technical societies interested in
metals are co-operating with the American Society for
Steel Treating in holding in Los Angeles, the week
of January 14. 1929, the first Western Metal Congress
and Western States Metal and Machinery Exposition.
The purpose of this convention and exposition is en-
tirely educational and is being inaugurated by these
societies because all of them have large representative
memberships in the Western States, and feel that the
societies should be of the same service to the industries
of the west as they are to the industries in the east,
even though this activity will not be self supporting
from a financial standpoint.

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS BUSY
Ellison and Russell, structural engineers in the
Pacific Building, San Francisco, report completion of
engineering plans for a $500,000 hospital for the Sisters
of St. Joseph at Orange, Newton Ackerman of Eureka,
architect; also a warehouse for the Zellerbach Paper
Company, Sacramento, and a steel frame and concrete
church for the Lady of Sorrows, Santa Barbara.
Edward Eames is architect of the latter building.

ENGLISH TYPE RESIDENCE

Plans have been completed by Miller and War-
necke, Oakland architects, for a $60,000 residence in
Piedmont for Mrs. Chester Williams. The house will
have brick veneer, stucco and half timber exterior.
There will be a separate garage and servants' quarters,
and the grounds will be landscaped.

GRANTED CERTIFICATES

The following applicants were granted architects'
certificates at the last meeting of the California State
Board of Architecture, Southern District, July 24:
Laurance W. Hitt. 32 Oak Knoll Garden Dr., Pasa-
dena; William Paul Loveland, 788 S. Grand Ave.,
Pasadena; Glenn Ehvood Smith. 529 E. Colorado St.,
Pasadena; Albert J. Schroeder, 15 S. El Molino, Pasa-
dena; John A. Murrey, 3421L> N. Orange Grove Ave.,
Los Angeles; R. Van Buren Livingston, 208 N. Ave-
nue 52, Los Angeles.

OAKLAND OFFICE BUILDING

Construction will start this month on a fifteen-story
Class A ofEce building at Franklin and 14th streets,
Oakland. The Dinwiddie Construction Company will
be in charge of the work. Plans for the building
are being piepared by Reed and Corlett. Oakland
architects.

MAY BUILD NEW HOTEL
Rebuilding of the Hotel Rafael, which was
destroyed by fire at San Rafael July 29th, is being
considered by W. C. Jurgens, proprietor of the Hotel
Oakland, who holds an option to purchase the Hotel
Rafael property from the L niversity of California.

RENO APARTMENT BUILDING
A two-story Class C brick apartment building is to
be erected at Reno, Nevada, for C. Petersen from
plans by Albert H. Larsen, San Francisco architect.
The building will contain seventeen one, two and three
room apartments.

TAKES VALVE AGENCY
Clarence Drucker, formerly of Lawson «Sc Drucker,
plumbing and heating contractors of San Francisco,
has opened an office at 307 Minna street, having taken
the agency for several prominent valve concerns in
the East.

FIRST UNIT OF SCHOOL
Construction has just been started on the first unit
of a pretentious school program for the San Leandro
School District. The architect for the work is Howard
Schroeder, 354 Hobart street, Oakland.

MARINA BOULEVARD HOME
Plans have been prepared by F. Eugene Barton,
architect in the Crocker Building, San Francisco, for
a 514.000 residence for Lee S. Dolson. The house will
be of the Spanish type.

SOCIETY a** CLV5 MtLTlNGJ

SANDWICHES FOR THIRTY-FIVE

If sandwiches arc provided for only eight people
how are you going to feed thirty-five?

That would be a tough problem for San Francisco
and Los Angeles architects and their lady friends but
it didn't phase the fellows in Seattle. On July 7th
a number of Seattle architects, their wives and some
Stray bachelors joined the annual Tacoma outing.
John Graham took the crowd over in his fast motor
boat, "Blue Peter." There were thirty-five people on
board which seemed a huge number, particularly when
it was found that through some unfortunate mis-
understanding, lunches had been brought for only
eight. As by a miracle, some sandwich bread and
butter furnished by Mr. Graham, also some sliced
ham, a can of sardines, and eight boiled eggs, slipped
out of one of the prepared lunches, each and every
one was supplied with four sandwiches and a cup of
coffee! None of the threats (or promises) to get some-
thing at Des Moines, were carried out. All of which
speaks well for the resourcefulness of certain Seattle
housewives and probably accounts for such well-fed
looking architects in the Northern city.

At 2 o'clock the good ship laid to just outside Ta-
coma, and those who hadn't eaten too much luncheon
trudged a mile up the road to the new Masonic home.
There they were met by a small motoring contingent
from Seattle and a larger one from Tacoma.

After inspecting the building from potato scraper
to lodge roof, most every one wished he could develop
into an old Mason. Someone did suggest that a home
for aged architects should be endowed and built, and it
wasn't such a bad idea at that if it could be designed
in such a way that the aesthetic sense of each could
rest easy.

Later, at Point Defiance Park, a sumptuous feast
was enjoyed.

Mr. Bell served graciously as master of ceremonies
and at his instigation Mr. Vogel talked on uniform
architectural signs and demonstrated his idea of one.
Twas very neat. Later Mr. Gould gave a most in-
teresting account of his convention experiences and
impressions.

Finally, hearing one "toot" from Blue Peter, the
well-fed architects gathered up belongings and wives
and "oot they went" — they dared not keep the cap-
tain waiting.

LOS ANGELES AKtllll ECT1 RAL CL1 B

The regular meeting of the Loa Angeles Archi-
tectural Club was held at the Artland Club on July
17th. Because of the length of the evening's program
all business was deferred. Members were first enter-
tained with a number of songs by Miss Tavernier.

Among the guests were G. D. Clark, secretary of
N. Clark & Son, terra cotta manufacturers of San
Francisco ; A. L. Gladding, of Gladding-McBean Co.,
W. W. Dennis of McNear Brick Co., of San Fran-
cisco, and W. M. Butts, civil engineer and seismol-
ogist. The subjects of both talks harmoniously dealt
with the structural use of brick.

The first speaker, Major Lent of Cleveland, Ohio,
who is Chief Engineer for the Common Brick Manu-
facturing Association of America, was introduced by
Norman Kelch. He treated his subject from a tech-
nical standpoint, beginning with a history of brick
and tracing its uses from the past to its varied uses
at the present time. Authentic data was presented on
tests which were recently made at Washington, the
results of which are now being compiled by the Bureau
of Standards. Stress was laid by Major Lent on the
three elements of good brick: brick, mortar and work-
manship. The immense importance of this last quality
was impressed upon the architects. For it was shown
that the strength of a wall varies over 100 per cent
due to the workmanship on the brick. The talk was
terminated with lantern slides illustrating the uses of
brick.

Major Lent was followed by J. E. Johnson, archi-
tect and traveler, who spent six years in the West
Indies. He continued the discussion on brick with
references to its uses in the Islands in the buildings
constructed by Columbus and his followers. Imported
from Spain, brick was used for all arches and employed
wherever particular strength was needed. But for
more general needs native coral stone was used. Mr.
Johnson then branched off into a travel talk, discussing
the historic buildings of Porto Rico, Haiti and Santo
Domingo. He illustrated his lecture with slides show-
ing detail views of the famous forts, cathedrals and
residences.

The employment service of the Los Angeles Archi-
tectural Club is proving most popular with the drafts-
men, not merely as a means of finding local employ-
ment but as a vehicle through which vacation travel
is facilitated. Calls have come from Yellowstone

109

110

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

August. 1^28

Park, Wyoming; Twin Falls, Idaho; Tucson and
Phoenix, Arizona; and even from Texas.

It is only a few weeks ago that the Los Angeles
Architectural Club opened an office in the new Archi-
tects' Building and since then the membership has
grown by leaps and bounds. A feeling of permanency
is the result of the membership committee's efforts and
the club is now on a healthy and most substantial
basis. That the new office is attractive in appearance
is due to the generous help of Mr. Phillips of Barker
Bros, for the rubber tile floor; to Herman Sachs for
decoration, Ernest Haeckle for beautiful draperies,
and B. B. Bell Co. for the electrical fixtures. But
the room is still lacking in the matter of suitable pic-
tures for its walls. If a few members will donate
originals of an interesting nature the attractiveness
of the office will be greatly enhanced.

In the past eight weeks seventeen new members
have come into the club. They are:

F. L. Marmon, 1536 E. Garvey Avenue, San Ga-
briel.

A. Irving Smith, 219 N. Soto Street.

Maurice Robertson, 75514 Burlington.

F. W. Voigtlander, 1861 N. Gramercy Place.

Harold Maurer, 1338 Kellam Street.

J. Paul Phillips, 1631 Georgia Street.

Gonzalo Villa Hernando, 1022 E. Ninth Street.

George Bivort, 757 Hendricks Street.

Martin Fuller, 711 Freeman Avenue, Hawthorne.

Earl Boehm, 509 N. Berendo.

Mortimer S. Peeble, 3070 Girard Street.

Max Egen, 540 Jackson Street, Culver City.

C. O. Bolton, 4443 Ventura Canyon Avenue, Van
Nuys.

Harry Sherman, 2011 Sheridan Street.

Roy C. Kelley, 959l/2 N. Vendome.

Rene Mussa, 873 Magnolia, Pasadena.

Carl Lehrmann, 1340 S. Union Avenue.

STATE ARCHITECTS' ASSOCIATION
Officers of the advisory councils of the Southern and
Northern Districts of the State Association of Cali-
fornia Architects, who comprise the executive board
of the association, met at Santa Maria July 17. The
board consists of Myron Hunt, A. M. Edelman, John
C. Austin, Natt Piper and Richard C. Farrell of the
Southern District, and John J. Donovan, Albert J.
Evers, W. I. Garren, Fred H. Meyer and Charles
F. B. Roeth of the Northern District. Myron Hunt
acted as chairman. The following permanent officers
of the executive board were chosen: A. M. Edelman,

chairman; Albert J. Evers, vice-chairman; W. I. Gar-
ren, secretary-treasurer; Natt Piper, assistant secretary-
treasurer.

A tentative draft of the constitution and by-laws
was presented and accepted and a committee will be
appointed by the directors to study and approve it.

A general meeting of all the members of the asso-
ciation will be held at San Francisco in October, at
which time the constitution and by-laws will be sub-
mitted for ratification. The secretary was instructed
to call a meeting in each district to notify the members
of the election of the permanent officers of the execu-
tive board and of the forthcoming convention.

ELECTRICAL WARNING DEVICE

One of the many interesting and practical wiring
devices now on the market is an arrangement I
of warning lights in one of the front hall stair r
risers. These pilot lights have red and green jewels 5
and are so wired that should the owner forget a cellar r
light after fixing the furnace, or perhaps the back i
vestibule light, or leave the garage without remember
ing to turn the switch when he retires for the night,
he cannot miss the bull's eye staring at him from the •
stair riser. He knows if either of these lights is burn
ing that he has forgotten some light downstairs and
he can stop this waste of electricity by a turn of the
switch at the head of the stairs.

There are many combinations of these warning
signals but the one outlined above, though exceedingly
simple, is effective and valuable.

NEW COMMON BRICK

The Port Costa Brick Works, Sharon Building, San
Francisco, have recently added new machinery to their
plant are making an improved line of common brick
of attractive color and design. One of the company's
recent contracts included all of the face brick on the
chapel at the City and County Hospital in San Fran-
cisco, and designed by C. H. Sawyer of the San Fran-
cisco Bureau of Architecture. Pictures of this building
are shown elsewhere in this issue. B. R. Hoerr, form-
erly with the United Materials Company, is now Sec-
retary and Sales Manager of the Port Costa Brick
Works.

TELEPHONE BUILDING

The Pacific States Telephone Company is erecting
a new building at Modesto and one at Reno, Nevada.
Plans were prepared by the company's architect, E. \ .
Cobby, 140 New Montgomery street, San Francisco.

August, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

WORLD'S LARGEST CEMENT KILN

The largest cement kiln in the world, declared by
Wilford S. Trueblood, production manager and pur-
chasing agent of the Monolith interests, to he the
heaviest moving piece of machinery in all industry,
is being installed at the new plant of the Monolith
Portland Midwest Company, near Laramie, Wyo-
ming.

Mounted on five concrete piers, this huge cement
kiln is .HI feet long, from 10 feet to 11 feet 3 inches
in diameter, from 13/16 inches to one inch thick in
the walls, which are made of the best open hearth
steel approved by the American Society for Testing
Materials, and weighs 1,785,000 pounds or 900 tons
when in operation under load.

Despite its immense proportions and great weight,
Air. Trueblood says the kiln is so accurately mounted
and cleverly geared, turning on self-oiling single-roll
trunions, that a 100 horse-power motor can operate it.

The kiln has a capacity of 110 barrels of finished
cement per hour. It burns 125 tons of coal per day.

standards, and is listed for distribution on request to
anj branch manager, as "Catalog No. 110."

GARAGE DOOR HARDWARE

The Richards-Wilcox Mfg. Company of Aurora,
Illinois, announce a multiple door operating
arm which is adaptable to a series of three or four
doors folding one way. If desired two of the unit
doors divided so that part of the doors fold each way.
divisions may be used to operate six, seven or eight
The arm proper consists of a hinged channel extend-
ing across the top of the three doors nearest the jamb.
Where a four door is used, it is hinged to the others
and controlled by their action. All of the doors oper-
ate simultaneously as one unit. The space required
for the arm is three inches above the top hinge. When
open the arm projects approximately the width of
one door beyond the jamb so that a wide opening is
procured. There are two sizes made for different
weights of doors.

Another recent device is a weather strip intended
for the opening between two hinged doors. This is
made for doors from one and three-quarter inches to
three inches in thickness. It effects a tight joint.

STEEL DOORS

Truscon Steel Company is now manufacturing a
complete line of steel doors. A catalog from which
an architect or builder may select a steel door of any
size to meet any condition, has been published. The
book contains illustrations of the various types of
doors, together with specifications and drafting room

A New Type of Flooring

By William J enni ngs

^ HE successful introduction during the last few
years of new innovations in flooring materials

and floor coverings seems to afford ample evidence
that the public has become floor conscious. In the
minds of many, however, there is yet to be devised
any satisfactory substitute for the beauty and warmth
of hardwood, particularly for the flooring of homes,
and of public places in which a sense of comfort and
richness is desired.

Hardwood flooring, however, has had its draw-
backs. Our Colonial ancestors used it most artistically,
in broad, thick planks, secured with strong wooden
pegs. Timber was plentiful, inexpensive, and when
planks of sufficient thickness, well cured, were used,
flooring troubles were few. Besides, the romping
square dances of that day did not require a floor as
smooth as our gliding modern measures do.

Later, when flooring requirements became more
exacting, and a positively plane surface became de-
sirable, the old-fashioned broad planks were not found
so satisfactory. In their place came the narrow, tongue
and groove strip flooring of more recent years. It
had the advantage of "staying put," when properly
joined and nailed. From an artistic viewpoint, how-
ever, it had one great disadvantage, in that the natural
flower or grain of the wood was broken up by the
necessity of cutting it into narrow strips. Hardwood
floors laid with these narrow strips were not uniform
in figure or color. In fact, they almost always pre-
sented an uneven, mottled, or blotched appearance.

Now, in keeping w^ith the trend toward period
styles in architecture, and a keener consciousness on
the part of the public as to what constitutes good
architecture, there is a renewed demand for plank
and random width flooring. What the public wants
it ultimately gets. Manufacturers, however, continue
to face the structural handicaps inherent in this type
of flooring. Various efforts have been made to over-
come this difficulty. Greatest progress in that direc-
tion has been in the making of laminated flooring.
Unfortunately, however, it has not proved easy to
produce a laminated flooring that would withstand
the hard usage to which floors are put. The plies
have shown a tendency to part.

For these reasons architects and builders are watch-
ing with interest a new development in laminated

112

cJAe,

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

August. 1928

PLANK FLOORING LAID IN MASTIC

hardwood flooring. This flooring is produced in planks,'
blocks and squares through a process which employs
a special waterproof cement and bonds the plies to-
gether under tremendous pressure. Accredited tests
are said to have demonstrated that this bond is so
firm that the wood itself will part before the cement
will let go. Tests have included long sustained total
immersion in water, steaming, boiling and baking.

The new product employs three plies of hardwood,
and in addition, tongues, or lugs of steel, are used in
place of the conventional tongue and groove method of
oining. Also, if desired, the floor may be laid in mastic,
over a concrete or wood sub-floor, without the use
of nails. In this process an insulating blanket of fibre-'
?oard may be used, both the fibre-board and the floor-
ing being bedded in a waterproof mastic.

From a structural standpoint, architects are inter-'
ested in the claims made for this new laminated floor-i
ing that it will not buckle, warp, shrink, or hehave
in other ways unbecoming to a good hardwood floor.'
Severe tests already made are said to bear out these
claims.

HARDWOOD SQUARES CONTRIBUTE A
SPANISH FEELING

CORRECTION

In presenting a picture of the parish house of All
Saints' Episcopal Church, San Diego, last month, the
caption was erroneously printed "All Saints' Episcopal
Church," instead of "Parish House of All Saints'
Episcopal Church." The architect of the church was
Carleton Monroe Winslow, while the architect of the
parish house was William H. Wheeler.

0>e MONTHS magazine

This Department is edited primarily, not as a review and criticism of other magazines, but to inform renders of
The Architect and Engineer of the contents of those which they may not regular!] see. I In- table- of content! at
given are therefore not necessarily complete. Matter deemed negligible has been omitted. Items preceded by an aster-
isk (*) are to some degree conspicuous for interest or merit. Matter preceded by the sign (t) has appeared in The
Architect and Engineer. The editors' comments are in small type, indented.

THE AMERICAN ARCHITECT

July 5, 1928

TEXT

Eliza G. Radeke Museum Building, Rhode Island School
of Design, William T. Aldrich, Architect. By Richard F.
Bach.

*Lord Jeffery Inn, Amherst, Mass. Putnam and Cox,
Architects.

The French Colonial House. By Edwin L. Howard.

Senior High School, Redding, Pa., Ritcher and Eiler,
Architects. By C. M. Craig.

Unusual Structural Features in a New York Central Sky-
scraper. By C. W . Y. Currie.

PLATES

Gateway in Imperial Palace, Tivoli.

*Fogg Museum of Art, Harvard University, Cambridge,
Mass., Coolidge and Shepley, Architects, Bulfinch and Ab-
bott, Associates (6 plates).

Sixteenth Church of Christ, Scientist, Chicago (2 plates).

Lord Jeffery Inn, Amherst, Mass. Putnam and Cox, Ar-
chitects (9 plates).

*Hospital Building, Eagleville Sanitarium, Simon and
Simon, Architects (4 plates).

THE AMERICAN ARCHITECT
July 20, 1928
TEXT
*Ecclesiastical Architecture of California. By Dtvight
James Baum, Architect.

Nearly all of the illustrations are of churches that
have been shown in the Architectural Press in the
last two or three years. Several of the best exam-
ples of recent ecclesiastical architecture are omitted.
Spirit of Democracy Reflected in the Design of a Private
House. By Samuel Chamberlain.

A Competition House That Has Been Built.

PLATES
Entrance Detail, House of Mrs. Henry W. Rowe, Green-
wich, Conn.
An Old Church in Palermo.

House of Mrs. Henry W. Rowe, Greenwich, Conn., Henry
R. Rowe, Architect.

tMunicipal Auditorium, San Antonio, Texas, Atlee B.
Ayres and Robert M. Ayres, Architects.

fTemple Emanu-El, San Francisco. Bakewell and Broivn
and Sylvain Schnaittacher, Associated Architects.
Presbyterian Church, Burlingame, Calif.
tCongregational Church, Riverside. Myron Hunt, Archi-
tect.

tOld Dolores Mission and New Church, San Francisco.
Shea and Lofquist, Architects.

tSt. Johns Episcopal Church, Los Angeles. Pierpont and
Walter Dai-is, Architects.

THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD
July, 1928
TEXT
*The National Broadcasting Studios, New York. By Ray-
mond Hood.

Winning Design, Zembo Temple Competition, Harrisburg,
Pa.

Sleeping Porches. By Pliny Rogers.

*In the Cause of Architecture. By Frank Lloyd Wright.
This is the sixth article dealing with timely subjects
on architecture. Mr. Wright discusses in this paper
the meaning of various building materials with
particular emphasis on glass.

Tower Knoll, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. By J. Robert
F. Swanson, Architect.

tOak Tree Inn, San Mateo, Calif. (3 illustrations and
plan). By Morrow and Garren, Architects.

A Mail Order Store Building, Los Angeles. George C.
Nimmons & Company, Architects.
PLATES

*Interior of Main Studio, the National Broadcasting Stu-
dios, New York, Raymond Hood, Godley and Fouilhoux,
Architects (frontispiece in colors and 7 plates).

*Lobero Theatre, Santa Barbara, Calif. George Washing-
ton Smith, Architect (3 plates and plan).

Apartment Building, St. Louis. Bowling and Shank, Ar-
chitects (1 plate).

Administration Building, Camden-Delaware Bridge Com-
mission, Philadelphia. Paul Cret, Architect (1 plate).

Interiors Bismarck Hotel, Chicago, Illinois. C. W. and
George L. Rapp, Architects (4 plates).

Mail Order Store of Sears, Roebuck & Company, Los An-
geles. George Nimmons & Company, Architects (3 plates).

Measured Drawings — Garden Details of Sicily.

ARCHITECTURE
July, 1928
TEXT
*Architecture Moderne. By Arthur Beach Ward, Jr.
The illustrations are of studio homes, shops and
apartments in the Latin Quarter of Paris.
Significant Sentences from the 61st Convention, A. I
The Architect in the Modeler's Shop.

PLATES
Pencil Drawings, Chateau Frontac, Quebec. By Anthony
Thormin.

House of William G. Irons, Sigmund A. Guttenberg, Ar-
chitect (1 plate and plans).

House of Julian St. J. Nolan, Hollywood. John Byers,
Architect (4 illustrations).

House of Raymond Faith, Edgar and Verna Cook Salomon-
sky, Architects (2 plates and plans).

Springfield Vermont Congregational Church. Aymar Em-
bury, II, Architect (5 illustrations and plan).
Portfolio of Stairs.

THE ARCHITECT

July, 1928

TEXT

*The Medical Center of New York. By C. Charles Bur-
lingame, M. C.

Modern Art at Macy's. By George Chappell.

*The Development of the Medical Center. By George
Nichols, A. I. A.

William Strickland, American Greek Revivalist. By Rex-
ford Newcomb.

PLATES

*Presbvterian Hospital, Medical Center, New York.
James Gamble Rogers, Inc., Architects (12 plates).

113

114

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

August, 1928

*Medical Center, New York. James Gamble Rogers, Inc.,
Architects (3 plates).

Second Reform Church, New Brunswick, N. J. Ludlow
and Peabody, Architects (5 plates).

Airplane View, Longue Vue Club, Pittsburgh, Pa., Jans-
sen and Cocken, Architects (8 plates).

*House of Walter J. Collet, Eugene J. Lang, Architect
(2 plates and plot plan).

A very charming house that deserves to be more
fulh' illustrated.

ide of the

t series on

be much

PENCIL POINTS
July, 1928
TEXT
*Cost Accounting for Architects, Part I. By Lloyd N,
Hendrick.

This article deals with the business
architect's practice and is the first of a
this subject. The articles promise to
on the same order as the series recently pub-
lished from the pen of Charles Kyson, architectural
expert on the business conduct of an architect's
office, in Hollywood.
The Technique of the Modern Wood Cut. By Ernest
Thorne Thompson (15 illustrations).

Making Full Size Details. By Evans Chrysler (6 plates).
*The Background for the Columbus Memorial. By Edwin
L. Howard (11 illustrations).

A Schedule of Interior Finishes. By George S. Dudley.
Back to the Shack. By Samuel G. Wymer (sketches by the
author).

PLA TES
Two color process (rendering in pencil and water color).
By John C. W enrich.

Water Color rendering. By Edward Dixon McDonald.
Cathedral at Genoa (pencil sketch). By Nicola D'Ascenzo.
Competition Design for a War Memorial, Norway (ren-
dering in charcoal). By John Finseth, Architect.

Portfolio of Competition Designs for a Honeymoon Cot-
tage (4 plates).

I).

THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM
July, 1928— Part I
TEXT
*The Philadelphia Museum of Art. By Harold
Eberlein.
t*The Los Angeles City Hall. By John C. Austin.

Mr. Austin has written a rather interesting article
descriptive of this building, which was very fully
illustrated and described in The Architect and En-
gineer in May, 1928. Unfortunately, the principal
illustration, showing the view of the City Hall from
the entrance driveway, is spoiled by unsightly debris
in the foreground.
An Architect in Morocco. By Eugene F. Kennedy, Jr.
University Expansion as Typified at Harvard. By Charles
C. Loring.

Outposts of Architecture. By Matlack Price.

Part II— TEXT
The Architect as Collaborator with the Engineer. By
Paul Philippe Cret

Illumination in the Philadelphia Museum of Art. By C.
E. Weitz.

*The Structural Frame of the New Temple Eman-El
Building. By Eugene W. Stern.

Choosing and Specifying Lumber. By G. E. French and
A. T. Upson.

PLATES
fLos Angeles City Hall. John C. Austin, John Parkinson
and Albert C. Martin, Associate Architects (8 plates, plans
and several small photographic illustrations).

*Philadelphia Museum of Art. Charles L. Borie, Jr.,
Clarence C. Zantzinger and Horace Trumbauer, Architects
(Lithograph pencil renderings and 10 illustrations and
plans).

Concert Hall, Stockholm, Ivor Justus Tengbom, Architect
(6 plates and plan).

Security Building, Denver. W. E. and A. A. Fisher, Ar-
chitects (2 plates).

*The Mather Tower, Chicago. Herbert Hugh Riddle,
Architect (1 plate and plan).

Roxbury Latin School, Denham, Mass. Perry Shaw and
Hepburn, Architects (3 plates).

First Presbyterian Church, New Rochelle, N. V. (Ren-
derings by Otto R. Eggers — 2 plates.)

Portfolio of Small Buildings, illustrating an article by
Kenneth Kingsley Stowell.

WESTERN ARCHITECT

June, 1928
TEXT

Architects for Chicago Fair.

The Impress of Nationality Upon Design. By Arthur Pea-
body, A. I. A. (7 illustrations).

The Passing Show. By Arthur P. North, A. I. A.

The 61st Convention of the American Institute of Archi-
tects. By Robert Claik McLean.

*Color in Architecture. By Rexford Newcomb (15 illus-
trations).

f Mammoth International Air Drome (3 illustrations).
PLA TES

*Midian Shrine Temple (in colors). By F. W. Fitzpat-
rick, Consulting Architect.

Residence of W. C. Hubbard, Pierre Blouke and Walter
Frazier, Architects (6 plates and plan).

Old Dearborn State Bank, Chicago, C. W . and George
L. Rapp, Architects (8 illustrations).

Bankers Building, Chicago, D. H. Burnham & Co., Archi-
tects (2 plates and plans).

MYRON HUNT HONORED

At the St. Louis convention of the National Council
of Architectural Registration Boards May 15, the fol-
lowing officers were elected : President, George Mason,
Detroit; 1st Vice-President, Charles Favrot, New
Orleans; 2nd Vice-President, Myron Hunt, Los An-
geles; 3rd Vice-President, Delos H. Smith, Washing-
ton, D. C; Mem. Ex. Com., W. H. Lord, Ashville,
N. C. ; Secretary-Treasurer, Emery Stanford Hall,
Chicago.

Ex-president Lord automatically became a member
of the Executive Committee. Secretary Hall has been
elected to his office each year since the inception of
the Council in 1920.

LbOOK REVIEWS

The China Architects' and Builders' Guide — Edited by
J. T. W. Brooke, A. R. I. B. A. and R. W. Davis. Published
by the North China Daily News Office, Shanghai, China.
Price Mex. $5.00 net.

This appears to be a well written and organized com-
pendium of useful information for architects and engineers
interested in the building field in China. Plates are good
and tables well arranged. The book is divided into four
sections with an index as follows: I — General Information,
Land Property and Building; II — Technical Information,
Costs and Price Lists; III — Directory of Architects; IV —
Catalogue of Building Materials.

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

SEPTEMBER,

1928

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454 Cuesta Way, Bel-Air

Weston & Weston, Architects. Los Angeles Cement Gun Com'
pany, Exterior Plastering. L. F. Robinson, Interior Plastering.

"A Wall That Could

Not Be Better!"

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San Francisco

741 Monadnock Bldg.

Los Angeles

A. G. Bartlctt Bldg.

13th Floor

Portland
1207 Public Service Bldg.

ETCHINGS OF THE FRANCISCAN MISSIONS

OF CALIFORN1 \

11 \ Henry Chapman Ford

PUBLISHED

No 9 — Mission Swi \ Ynez

The Mission Santa Ynez lies in a beautiful country
sonic thirty-five miles northwest of Santa Barbara.
This Mission, the nineteenth in the chain, zuas estab-
lished Se pi ember 17th, 1804. Padres Jose .hit onto
Calzada and Jose Romualdo Gutierrez were the first
ministers of the Mission. The present church was
completed in IS 17. J' he previous year the Mission
reached its greatest population of 786 neophytes. Santa
) net was the center of the Indian revolt of IS24, dur-
ing which Padre Uria, in defense of the Mission, is
said to have seized a musket and to have killed two
Indians and broken the arm of a third , before he gained
the patio where the guard was attempting a defense.
The church is of adobe faced with brick, while the
Mission house is of adobe with corridors of brick across
the front and in the patio. All the buildings are roofed
with burned tiles. Heavy buttresses stiffen the walls
along either side of the Church and were undoubtedly
built as an earthquake protection. The facade, like
that of San Gabriel, is very plain. There is a rein-
fort ed concrete belfry which was built in 1910 to re-
place the tower which collapsed. Santa Ynez possesses
some of the handsomest brass and silver, together with
some of the most beautiful vestments to be found in
any of the California Missions.

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ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

Vol. q4

SEPTEMBER, 1928

No. J

<$ecextWor£of

ERNEST L - and JOHN E* NORE>ERQ~

j&y John <J'2)onovafy$4'

HE work of Ernest L. and John
E. Norberg, architects of San
Francisco and Burlingame, is
quite characteristic of the integ-
rity of purpose and the devotion to ideals
which motivates us all on to the goal of re-
spect by our fellow architects and apprecia-
tion by our clients.

If this was the ultimate goal of achieve-
ment and recognition the struggle would
hardly be worth the candle, for there is
always the inherent desire to do a thing
worth while for the values which follow
work well done. Self satisfaction with one's
effort, knowing that it was the best, is per-
haps the most glorious of all commenda-
tion.

The department store building of Levy
Bros, at Burlingame, the Christian Science
church at San Mateo, the San Mateo high
school group of buildings, the Grand Ave-
nue elementary school at South San Fran-
cisco and other examples of their work, as
illustrated herein, are all worthy of sincere
commendation of two architects — brothers,
endeavoring to accomplish results which
will and does establish them as sincere and
altruistic workers in the vineyard of honest
endeavor. After all, isn't this the measure

by which men shall be gauged ? Others have
had larger opportunities and many of them
have succeeded, but to the men who accept
their lot and strive assiduously to attain
perfection in detail and in the whole with
limited financial resources to draw from,
surely tribute of merit is a pleasure to be-
stow.

The Levy Bros, store building shows
thought and study; it indicates an honest
effort to depart from the hackneyed easy-
to-do store front city department store
building. It is a little unusual in that it is
inviting to the shopper, to the owner who
occupies it the larger part of the day, to the
employee who cannot fail to regard it as
something better than a place to drudge all
day long, and it must be regarded by the
people of its city as an achievement ex-
emplifying civic pride on the part of the
owners and their respect for the good taste
and patronage of their customers.

The Christian Science Church at San
Mateo is a remodeled building and it well
shows what the architect can do to make
two blades of grass grow where only one
grew before. The remodelled building is
simple in treatment. It might be called
homey. A sense of quietness and rest pre-

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

September, 1928

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ARCHITECT

AND ENCINEER.

vails within, all brought about by the sim-
plicity and good taste in details and color
and by the excellent choice displayed in the
appointments. The very fact that the wor-
shipers of this church are supremely happy
with their new temple is sufficient proof
that thought, care, attention and zeal were
exercised in the study and solution of the

people of our age owe much to the men of
the architectural profession, a debt that is
bound to be dealt with fairly as succeeding
generations realize the contribution to the
welfare of humanity. The architects of this
age have earnestly tackled the problems of
health, comfort, safety, economy and good
architecture and the buildings, both public

LOBBY, ACADEMIC BUILDING, UNION HIGH SCHOOL, SAN MATEO
E. L. Norberg and John E. Norberg, Architects

problem, which evidently was not too easily
solved.

Then, the school work done by Messrs
Norberg & Norberg is something which is
decidedly pleasing to comment upon. The
high school group at San Mateo is sound in
principle of school planning. Here and
there are traces of limitation of funds, but
with the money available the work was
handled well and most effectively.

And all this brings to mind that the

and private, which have been built during
the last decade strikingly demonstrate the
marked ability of the men of the architec-
tural profession. This can be said unfearful
of contradiction.

A great deal of credit is due to the thor-
oughness of the education required by the
colleges before they place a stamp of ap-
proval upon the man, and especially be-
cause the profession has established stand-
ards which only the competent can meet.

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

September, 1928

The struggle the architect makes to gain
recognition from his fellow craftsmen, from
the public and from those in authority, is
such as to temper his soul and strengthen
him in his work. It is no easy road to
wealth, as they all will testify. It is not
easy to succeed even with opportunities at
hand, because it takes time, and much time,
and time it is which discloses the truth from

who can look back or upon the culmination
of a number of projects and have them
called successful.

Criticizes Lincoln Memorial

MERICA is developing an art of its
own and the appreciation of it is
more general than is usually supposed, " says

GYMNASIUM, HIGH SCHOOL, BURLINGAME, CALIFORNIA

E. L. Norberg and John E. Norherg, Architects

the sham, the real from the make-believe,
and it is time which tests the fibre of men.
In all professions, as in all things, time is
an important element, and, sometimes, the
most important. Architecture and Time are
synonymous. Like Time it establishes the
periods and progress of civilization. Men
practicing architecture know its value, for
it tells whether or not they have succeeded.
It takes time to develop men, but most of
all it requires jobs, buildings, projects, or
call them as we will, and fortunate is he

Chas. H. Cheney, Secretary of Palos Verdes •
Art Jury in releasing additional lists of the
greatest examples of art submitted from
various parts of the country in the Art Ap-
preciation Inquiry which closes December
1 5th. "While people seem to prefer the fin-
ished beauty of the older and more classical
art, we receive a few protests from the mod-
ern school, such as the following by Roi
Partridge, etcher and professor of art in a
prominent women's college:

" 'Your correspondents are making a mis-

September, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENCINfXR.

take, I believe, in ranking the Lincoln
Memorial as first or second or fifth in the
list of Great American Architecture. To
begin with, it is not American Architecture,
but a bastard Greco-Roman offspring cor-
ruptee] by American building methods.
Having said this, doubtless to the horror of
all worshippers of "the Courses" who may
trouble to read this, I must defend my point.

costly mistake; the outcome of a cultural
and creative blindness on the part of the
people of the United Suites which will
make them a source of ridicule so long ;is
steel and concrete shall stand. It is an un-
ceasing wonderment to me that people of
this country, so great in business and money-
making, so progressive in agriculture. 80
apt in all the realms of engineering and

GYMNASIUM, HIGH SCHOOL, BURLINGAME, CALIFORNIA
E. L. Norberg; and John E. Norberg, Architects

" 'Will you agree with me, as a basis for
further discussion, that architecture, to be
great, must be at any time and in any place
a complete expression of a people's needs,
ideals and capacities? Will you further be
willing to agree that the methods of con-
struction, dictated by local conditions, must
and should affect the nature and the appear-
ance of all architecture?

1 'If these things be so, then it seems to
me the Lincoln Memorial can by no pos-
sibility be anything but a ridiculous and

mechanics, should be so triflingly, so piti-
fully weak in the realms of creative archi-
ture

" 'There is no American thing on your
lists until we reach the name of the Brook-
lyn Bridge and the Nebraska State Capitol.
Until the last two, the things listed are not
American architecture, they are European
architecture built in America. Has anyone
yet named Toas Pueblo?' "

However, accepted authorities of the
country hardly agree with such outbursts.

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

September, 1928

FUST FLOOl PLAN

PLAN, HIGH SCHOOL GYMNASIUM, BURLINGAME
E. L. Norberg and John E. Norberg, Architects

HOTEL BURLINGAME, BURLINGAME, CALIFORNIA
E. L. Norberg and John E. Norberg, Architects

September, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

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AND ENGINEER.

September, 1928

MEDICO DENTAL BUILDING-Palo Alio

rve^Oj|ALC) ALTO has been witnessing neighbors. This is one of the reasons why,
^ §2|yfs the development of business archi- on Ramona street, Palo Alto, stores more
jP tecture m me so-called Spanish- than fifty feet long have been built to give

Z£^\ Californian type for several years, the appearance of several small buildings.

While there is an increasing number of The cornice line has been varied, the type

such buildings on University avenue, the of tile used on the roof has been different

principal business street, the main develop- and even the color of the stucco has been of

ment in this type of architecture has been variegated shades so that the structures,

on Ramona street. Here the Medico-Den- while appearing as related buildings, never-

tal Building, a four-story reinforced con- theless possess a distinct individuality,

crete structure, has lately been finished and When the owners of the property on the

occupied. In addition to this building, corner of Hamilton avenue and Ramona

which is the largest of its type in University street, with a frontage of one hundred feet

City, the writer has designed a number of on Hamilton avenue and one hundred and

stores of similar arch-
itecture.

It has been observed
that an individual
store building occu-
pied by one business,
often a building with
a frontage of only
twenty or twenty-five
feet, is of considerable
value to the occupant
because of the' fact
that the public is able
to identify the busi-
ness with the build-
ing ; whereas in the or-
dinary one-story store
building there would
be three or four and
often more businesses
all occupying a build-
ing with a uniform
front and nothing ex-
cept their actual show
w i n d o w s to distin-
guish them from their

MEDICO-DENTAL BUILDING, PALO ALTO
Birge M. Clark, Architect

fifty feet on Ramona
street, first decided to
build on the entire
frontage, the new post
office, which was to be
fifty feet from the
corner on Hamilton
avenue, was to be the
largest single unit.
The rest was to have
the effect of a group
of small shops with
varying frontages of
from twelve to thirty
feet. For obvious rea-
sons, however, it was
decided to build the
one hundred by one
hundred feet on the
corner four stories
high, keeping the ad-
' ditional fifty feet on
i Ramona street to one-
story and treating it as
two small buildings,
as it was to be occu-

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

September, 1928

pied by a financial institution and a retail
store. The original idea of making the main
building Spanish, in order to have it thor-
oughly tie in with the character of the
other buildings on the street, was carried
out. Naturally, it was no longer possible
to run the many separate units up four
stories, but it was felt that to a cer-
tain extent the whole four-story portion
could be given a slight feeling of three
independent buildings. To this end we used
a tile roof and the roof lines were broken
and reveals of six inches carried down to
the ground. On the first floor different types
of arches over the show windows were used
in the several units and on the fourth floor
loggias of slightly varying type were
adopted to further emphasize the feeling of
separate motifs.

As it was a medico-dental building with
many small operating and treatment rooms,

•*■ gg

STORE BUILDING, PALO ALTO
Birge M. Clark, Architect

a large percentage of light was necessary
with as flexible a unit as it was possible to
obtain. The windows were spaced with four
feet of window opening and three feet of
wall, producing a seven-foot unit, which
serves excellently for dentists' operating
rooms, and may also be worked into
doctors' treatment rooms. This large
percentage of window area did not
permit of the usual interest result-
ing from a careful relation between wall
areas and window openings, but the bal-
conies, iron grilles and loggias on the fourth
floor served to give picturesqueness and
relieve the severe and box-like appearance
which otherwise would have resulted.
Some apprehension was felt on the part of
the owners in regard to the space which was
lost on the fourth floor to permit of the open
loggias. These loggias are only thirty inches
deep, however, and because of the way in
which they mask the windows, certain
suites of offices were worked in here with
an irregular window spacing which would
not have been possible on any other floor.
Also, these rooms are very desirable be:
cause of the way in which the windows are
protected from the glare of the sun by the
reveal of the cloister.

The use of color has played an important
part. The finish is a roughly troweled and
brushed stucco slightly tinted with cream.
All the sash and overhanging cornice have
been painted a dark blue with a little Ver-
million on the soffit of the rafters. The show
window bulkheads and lobby have been
covered with brightly colored tile. The
roof is a graded tile, running from almost
black at the ridge down through red and
brown to salmon and orange. If any color
had been present in the walls of the build-
ings, the bulkhead and window trim colors
would not have been particularly notice-
able, but against the almost white back-
ground they stand out and the observer is
given the impression that an even greater
amount of color has been used on the build-
ing than is actually the case.

(Editor's Note — From the plans it appeals that the entire basement
and the space under the sidewalk for the four story structure are occupied
as a storage garage reached by a ramp off the alley. The post office
covers half of the first floor area, the remainder being occupied by four
stores. The three upper stories are occupied exclusively by doctors' and
dentists' offices. The building is of reinforced concrete, with hollow tile
interior partitions. The cost per cubic foot was twenty-eight cents.)

September, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

Berton W. Crandal, Photo

MEDICO-DENTAL BUILDING, PALO ALTO. CALIFORNIA

BIRGE M. CLARK, ARCHITECT

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

September, 192&

Tile Rooi by If. Clark & Son

DETAIL OF UPPER STORIES, MEDICO-DENTAL BUILDING, PALO ALTO

Birge M. Clark, Architect

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MEDICO-DENTAL BUILDING, PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA
Birge M. Clark, Architect

airtransport andtiie architect

ijy /faro/c/ Crary

N absent-minded New York archi-
tect, on a business trip to Minne-
apolis, left his office without tak-
ing certain important figures he
was to insert in some specifications after
talking with a firm in Minneapolis. The
next morning in Cleveland he sent a wire
to his office urging them to rush the mate-
rial "special delivery." A quick-witted
office girl instead put air mail postage on
the package. When the New York archi-
tect called at his Minneapolis hotel the
clerk handed him the much-desired data,
which had beaten him into Minneapolis by
hours. Air mail planes travel 100 miles an
hour, while trains average 35 to 40 miles an
hour. That emergency made an air mail
convert out of the architect, who had been
one of the many who thought that air trans-
port was a system of communication of To-
morrow, not Today.

Architects and builders are coming to
the realization that air transport, with an
average speed of 100 miles an hour, is going
to do just as revolutionary things in trans-
portation as the train did when it silenced
the hoofbeats of the Pony Express.

Air mail planes are now flying 23,000
miles a day, traversing 38 states and serving
62,000,000 people directly and millions
more indirectly. These planes are carrying
more than three tons of mail daily, besides
large shipments of express and also passen-
gers.

Day by day a wider diversity of com-
modities are going through the air in mail
planes. In one month shipments out of
Chicago included commodities ranging
from bread and ice cream to pawn tickets
and jewelry, and the air express carried a

317-pound casting needed by a firm in
Wichita, Kansas.

The largest users of air express are film
companies, then come the banks and bond
houses, architects and advertising agencies
and manufacturers. Alert buyers scour the
New York market for the latest in fashion,
and each night the westbound plane from
New York carries models of hats, gowns
and lingerie.

A Milwaukee manufacturer recently sold
a cargo of locks in the New York market.
By shipping via air, a thousand miles away,
he put his locks down in New York as fast
as his competitors could have delivered
them from New England. Shippers of oil
from California to the Atlantic Coast save
thousands of dollars in interest by forward-
ing bills of lading via air. A consignment
of flowers was flown to New York, so that
they might arrive with the bloom of Cali-
fornia fresh upon them.

An architect in Dallas found it necessary
to send to a marble contractor at St. Paul
for an estimate on the cost of the marble in
the erection of a court house. The plans left
Dallas on Saturday, were received in St.
Paul Sunday afternoon, having been sent
air mail, special delivery. The Dallas firm
had the estimate and plans back in Dallas
before Wednesday.

While air mail and express have been
steadily increasing, business firms regard
the new low air mail rates which went
into effect August 1 as a real boon to bus-
iness. The new air mail rates permit you
to send a full ounce, an envelope and four
ordinary sheets of paper, for 5c by air mail
to any part of the United States on or off
air mail routes. Postage on a letter weigh-

ARCHITECT

AND ENCINELR,

September, 1928

ing one ounce is reduced 75 per cent and
there is a reduction of approximately 50 per
cent on mail weighing over one ounce. On a
package weighing a pound, the air mail
postage charge now is $1.55 instead of
$3.20. On a two-pound package, $3.15 in-
stead of $6.40 as heretofore, etc.

Recently a Philadelphia firm of archi-
tects having offices in four different states
used air mail to send out specifications for
recommendations to all four offices and
the transaction was completed within a
week. It would have required double that
time or more had train mail been used.

A Seattle architect prepared specifica-
tions for a public building in Reno, Ne-
vada. Just prior to the time designated for
sending out calls for bids, changes were nec-
essary. Telegrams were exchanged, the air
mail was used both ways, and the call for
bids went out on time. On this same job a
Portland, Oregon, contractor was a bidder
against San Francisco firms. He learned

there was some discussion about a feature of
his bid and wired: "I will come by air-
plane. " He made the trip from Portland to
San Francisco in six hours and from San
Francisco to Reno in three hours. His use
of 100-mile an hour transportation won him
the job.

What will happen to the architect, bank,
bond house, manufacturer or the retailer
who sticks to train transport mail and his
alert competitor reaches competitive mar-
kets 12, 24, 48 or 72 hours ahead of him by
using air mail when the difference in post-
age, under the new rate effective August 1
is only 3c on the average business letter?
Modern business methods prohibit, espe-
cially in view of the new low air mail rate,
the extra 52 hours required to transport
communications by train when there is daily
dependable air mail and express service be-
tween New York and San Francisco. That
saving can be duplicated on routes all over
the great network of air transport.

KIRKEBY SWIMMING POOL, TAMPA, FLORIDA

SWIMMING PGDLCOMI3INE5 ARCHITECTURAL
BEAUTYand SOUND ENGINEERING DESIGN

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HE problem of designing an out-
door swimming pool so that it be-
comes an asset to the architectural
plan of an estate has troubled us
often. Simply stated, the swimming pool is
nothing more than a hole in the ground;
but, unfortunately, this simplicity does not
always appeal to the taste of clients. It is
possible to achieve interesting design in
walks, bath houses and diving fixtures, but
good results somehow are not always ob-
tained from these alone. The idea, there-
fore, of replacing the spindling frame div-
ingtower of most pools with a well-built
structure having architectural merit has
been accepted with enthusiasm. In the
tower may be combined the necessary func-
tions of diving platform, spring-board and
dressing chambers.

Early in 1928 in time for the winter sea-
son the American Sanitary Sewage Cor-
poration, Tampa, Florida, completed the
swimming pool illustrated, on the estate of
Arnold S. Kirkeby at Beach Park, Tampa,
Florida. This structure, 20x65 feet, rang-
ing in depth from iy2 to 10 feet, is of rein-
forced concrete construction. The walls
are 12 inches thick and the floor varies from
12 inches at the shallow end to 16 inches at
the deep end. Tile lining covers the interior
surface. Heavy sections were necessary, due
to peculiar construction conditions made
necessary by the location.

A vari-colored flagstone walk surrounds
the entire pool and lends contrast to the
white tile lining. The diving tower at one
end, a feature of the construction, completes
a most attractive setting. It is a modified
square concrete structure 35 feet high and

about 9 feet across. Two diving platforms
are accessible by means of an interior stair-
way. For night use the pool is brilliantly
lighted by a large flood-light mounted on
the top of the tower and by small sub-
merged lights placed in the bottom of the
pool.

Located close to Old Tampa Bay, the top
of the pool is level with the lawn and three
feet above the plane of ground water or sea
level. Motor-driven pumps are used to fill
the pool with filtered salt water from an 18-
inch bored well 288 feet deep. Likewise
pumps are required for emptying the pool.
With a capacity of about 65,000 gallons, a
complete change of water can be effected in
about nine hours.

Three unusual features are peculiar to
this piece of construction. One is the diving
tower with its interesting lines and striking
design. Another is the difficult construction
caused by the location of the pool, it being
built close to the residence, garage and
driveway. The third is the manner in which
construction was carried on.

All the excavation was accomplished by
hand. A novel pumping method to keep it
dry and to lower the level of the ground
water during the digging was employed.
Two-inch well points were driven on two-
foot centers around the entire outside of the
proposed excavation and to a depth greater
than that of the bottom of the floor slab. On
the surface these were connected to a four-
inch pump line to which two four-inch
double diaphragm pumps, driven by gaso-
line engines, were kept continuously run-
ning for six weeks. Because of the soil con-
ditions and the hand labor, this time was

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

September, 1928

needed to complete the excavation, build
the forms and place the concrete. The
method was quite successful, and no diffi-
culties were encountered, even though the
soil was a fine dredged sand which flowed
almost as a liquid when wet.

To overcome the tendency of the struc-
ture to float when empty, because of the
high ground water level, the bottom floor
slab was projected three feet beyond the
exterior wall at the deep end and tapered to
a point where no projection was made at the
shallow end. Sand back-fill resting on this

projection provided ample weight to keep
the structure in place when drained.

About 1000 cubic yards of concrete were
required. A 1-2-4 mix, with Brewster triple
washed sand and Y^-mc\\ gravel was used.
Concreting operations were done continu-
ously so as to eliminate construction joints.

The pool, tower, well, pumping equip-
ment, lights and wiring cost approximately
$17,000. The structure is an excellent ex-
ample of sound design and good workman-
ship. It is attractive and affords an imme-
diate impression of a good job well done.

■■■■

KIRKEBY SWIMMING POOL, TAMPA, FLORIDA

PORTFOLIO of
PENCIL SKETCHES

Monterey and Carmel

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THE BATH HOUSE AT CARMEL

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER,

September, 1928

FISHERMEN'S WHARF, MONTEREY BAY. CALIFORNIA

September, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

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A HOUSE ON MONTEREY BAY, CALIFORNIA

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ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

September, 1928

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A TYPICAL COTTAGE AT CARMEL, CALIFORNIA

September, 1928

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

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A STONE HOUSE NEAR CARMEL, CALIFORNIA

ARCHITECT

AND ENGINEER.

September, 1928

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CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY ON MONTEREY BAY

RECEPTION ROOM, GREEN'S EYE HOSPITAL
Frederick H. Meyer, Architect

ARCHITECTURE of the
PACIFIC SOUTHWEST EXPOSITION

Long Beach, California-

HAT a delight to see, this charm-
ing and elegant Exposition at
Long Beach, California! From
the architectural standpoint, as
compared with other expositions, this little
affair is ex

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